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Table 0: the mapping, for forecasts, between MARS date, time and step and the CDS date and time
CDS date time | MARS date time step | CDS date time | MARS date time step | |
---|---|---|---|---|
date 00 | date-1 0 24 | date 12 | date 0 12 | |
date 01 | date 0 1 | date 13 | date 0 13 | |
date 02 | date 0 2 | date 14 | date 0 14 | |
date 03 | date 0 3 | date 15 | date 0 15 | |
date 04 | date 0 4 | date 16 | date 0 16 | |
date 05 | date 0 5 | date 17 | date 0 17 | |
date 06 | date 0 6 | date 18 | date 0 18 | |
date 07 | date 0 7 | date 19 | date 0 19 | |
date 08 | date 0 8 | date 20 | date 0 20 | |
date 09 | date 0 9 | date 21 | date 0 21 | |
date 10 | date 0 10 | date 22 | date 0 22 | |
date 11 | date 0 11 | date 23 | date 0 23 |
Spatial grid
The ERA5-Land HRES dataset has been produced at a resolution of 9 km, (~0.08°) and in a (octahedral) reduced Gaussian grid (represented as TCo1279). Currently, the uncertainty of the fields is to be obtained from the ERA5 EDA dataset, which has a resolution of 62km (~0.56°).
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Note that in the tables below, "an" and "fc" is just a label used for convention to archive the data in MARS.
Table 1: stream=oper/mnth/moda, levtype=sfc: surface parameters: instantaneous
name | units | shortName | paramId | an | fc | GRIB1 | GRIB2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Lake mix-layer temperature | K | lmlt | 228008 | x | x | ||
2 | Lake mix-layer depth | m | lmld | 228009 | x | x | ||
3 | Lake bottom temperature | K | lblt | 228010 | x | x | ||
4 | Lake total layer temperature | K | ltlt | 228011 | x | x | ||
5 | Lake shape factor | dimensionless | lshf | 228012 | x | x | ||
6 | Lake ice temperature | K | lict | 228013 | x | x | ||
7 | Lake ice depth | m | licd | 228014 | x | x | ||
8 | Snow albedo | (0 - 1) | asn | 32 | x | x | ||
9 | Snow density | kg m**-3 | rsn | 33 | x | x | ||
10 | Volumetric soil water layer 1 | m**3 m**-3 | swvl1 | 39 | x | x | ||
11 | Volumetric soil water layer 2 | m**3 m**-3 | swvl2 | 40 | x | x | ||
12 | Volumetric soil water layer 3 | m**3 m**-3 | swvl3 | 41 | x | x | ||
13 | Volumetric soil water layer 4 | m**3 m**-3 | swvl4 | 42 | x | x | ||
14 | Leaf area index, low vegetation | m**2 m**-2 | lai_lv | 66 | x | x | ||
15 | Leaf area index, high vegetation | m**2 m**-2 | lai_hv | 67 | x | x | ||
16 | Surface pressure | Pa | sp | 134 | x | x | ||
17 | Soil temperature level 1 | K | stl1 | 139 | x | x | ||
18 | Snow depth | m of water equivalent | sd | 141 | x | x | ||
19 | 10 metre U wind component | m s**-1 | 10u | 165 | x | x | ||
20 | 10 metre V wind component | m s**-1 | 10v | 166 | x | x | ||
21 | 2 metre temperature | K | 2t | 167 | x | x | ||
22 | 2 metre dewpoint temperature | K | 2d | 168 | x | x | ||
23 | Soil temperature level 2 | K | stl2 | 170 | x | x | ||
24 | Soil temperature level 3 | K | stl3 | 183 | x | x | ||
25 | Skin reservoir content | m of water equivalent | src | 198 | x | |||
26 | Skin temperature | K | skt | 235 | x | x | ||
27 | Soil temperature level 4 | K | stl4 | 236 | x | x | ||
28 | Temperature of snow layer | K | tsn | 238 | x | x | ||
29 | Forecast albedo | (0 - 1) | fal | 243 | x | x |
Table 2: stream=oper/mnth/moda, levtype=sfc: surface parameters: accumulations
name | units | shortName | paramId | an | fc | GRIB1 | GRIB2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Surface runoff | m | sro | 8 | x | x | ||
2 | Sub-surface runoff | m | ssro | 9 | x | x | ||
3 | Snow evaporation | m of water equivalent | es | 44 | x | x | ||
4 | Snowmelt | m of water equivalent | smlt | 45 | x | x | ||
5 | Snowfall | m of water equivalent | sf | 144 | x | x | ||
6 | Surface sensible heat flux | J m**-2 | sshf | 146 | x | x | ||
7 | Surface latent heat flux | J m**-2 | slhf | 147 | x | x | ||
8 | Surface solar radiation downwards | J m**-2 | ssrd | 169 | x | x | ||
9 | Surface thermal radiation downwards | J m**-2 | strd | 175 | x | x | ||
10 | Surface net solar radiation | J m**-2 | ssr | 176 | x | x | ||
11 | Surface net thermal radiation | J m**-2 | str | 177 | x | x | ||
12 | Evaporation | m of water equivalent | e | 182 | x | x | ||
13 | Runoff | m | ro | 205 | x | x | ||
14 | Total precipitation | m | tp | 228 | x | x | ||
15 | Evaporation from the top of canopy | m of water equivalent | evatc | 228100 | x | x | ||
16 | Evaporation from bare soil | m of water equivalent | evabs | 228101 | x | x | ||
17 | Evaporation from open water surfaces excluding oceans | m of water equivalent | evaow | 228102 | x | x | ||
18 | Evaporation from vegetation transpiration | m of water equivalent | evavt | 228103 | x | x | ||
19 | Snow cover | % | snowc | 260038 | x | x | ||
20 | Potential evaporation | m | pev | 228251 | x | x | ||
21 | Snow depth | m | sde | 3066 | x | x |
Accumulations are described in section ERA5-Land data documentation. The accumulations in monthly means (stream=moda/mnth) are described in section monthly means
Known issues
At the time of writing (May 2019) we are aware of these issues with ERA5-Land:
- Possible issue: There is a positive bias in ERA5 snow cover. This is even after the assimilation of snow reports. The IMS snow cover product is not assimilated over mountainous areas in ERA5, which probably is part of the issue. In ERA5-Land no data is directly assimilated, which makes the positive bias more prominent, especially in areas of high-elevation.
- Possible issue: Possible shift one skin temperature due to long time step of 1 hour. (TO BE UPDATED BEFORE PUBLIC **********)
How to cite ERA5-Land
Please acknowledge the use of ERA5-Land as stated in the Copernicus C3S/CAMS License agreement:
"5.1.2 Where the Licensee communicates or distributes Copernicus Products to the public, the Licensee shall inform the recipients of the source by using the following or any similar notice: 'Generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service Information [Year]'.
5.1.3 Where the Licensee makes or contributes to a publication or distribution containing adapted or modified Copernicus Products, the Licensee shall provide the following or any similar notice: 'Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service Information [Year]';
5.1.3 Any such publication or distribution covered by clauses 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 shall state that neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus Information or Data it contains."
You may also cite the ERA5-Land dataset as follows:
Dataset citable as: Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) (2017): C3S ERA5-Land reanalysis . Copernicus Climate Change Service Climate Data Store (CDS), date of access. https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/home
References
Further ERA5-Land references and related information are available from the ECMWF e-Library.
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