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Table 1: stream=oper/mnth/moda, levtype=sfc: surface parameters: instantaneous

	name	units	shortName	paramId	an	fc	GRIB1
1	Lake mix-layer temperature	K	lmlt	228008	x		x
2	Lake mix-layer depth	m	lmld	228009	x		x
3	Lake bottom temperature	K	lblt	228010	x		x
4	Lake total layer temperature	K	ltlt	228011	x		x
5	Lake shape factor	dimensionless	lshf	228012	x		x
6	Lake ice temperature	K	lict	228013	x		x
7	Lake ice depth	m	licd	228014	x		x
8	Snow albedo	(0 - 1)	asn	32	x		x
9	Snow density	kg m**-3	rsn	33	x		x
10	Volumetric soil water layer 1	m3 m-3	swvl1	39	x		x
11	Volumetric soil water layer 2	m3 m-3	swvl2	40	x		x
12	Volumetric soil water layer 3	m3 m-3	swvl3	41	x		x
13	Volumetric soil water layer 4	m3 m-3	swvl4	42	x		x
14	Leaf area index, low vegetation	m2 m-2	lai_lv	66		x	x
15	Leaf area index, high vegetation	m2 m-2	lai_hv	67		x	x
16	Surface pressure	Pa	sp	134		x	x
17	Soil temperature level 1	K	stl1	139	x		x
18	Snow depth	m of water equivalent	sd	141	x		x
19	10 metre U wind component	m s**-1	10u	165		x	x
20	10 metre V wind component	m s**-1	10v	166		x	x
21	2 metre temperature	K	2t	167		x	x
22	2 metre dewpoint temperature	K	2d	168		x	x
23	Soil temperature level 2	K	stl2	170	x		x
24	Soil temperature level 3	K	stl3	183	x		x
25	Skin reservoir content	m of water equivalent	src	198	x
26	Skin temperature	K	skt	235	x		x
27	Soil temperature level 4	K	stl4	236	x		x
28	Temperature of snow layer	K	tsn	238	x		x
29	Forecast albedo	(0 - 1)	fal	243		x	x

Table 2: stream=oper/mnth/moda, levtype=sfc: surface parameters: accumulations

	name	units	shortName	paramId	fc	GRIB1	GRIB2
1	Surface runoff	m	sro	8	x	x
2	Sub-surface runoff	m	ssro	9	x	x
3	Snow evaporation	m of water equivalent	es	44	x	x
4	Snowmelt	m of water equivalent	smlt	45	x	x
5	Snowfall	m of water equivalent	sf	144	x	x
6	Surface sensible heat flux	J m**-2	sshf	146	x	x
7	Surface latent heat flux	J m**-2	slhf	147	x	x
8	Surface solar radiation downwards	J m**-2	ssrd	169	x	x
9	Surface thermal radiation downwards	J m**-2	strd	175	x	x
10	Surface net solar radiation	J m**-2	ssr	176	x	x
11	Surface net thermal radiation	J m**-2	str	177	x	x
12	Evaporation	m of water equivalent	e	182	x	x
13	Runoff	m	ro	205	x	x
14	Total precipitation	m	tp	228	x	x
15	Evaporation from the top of canopy	m of water equivalent	evatc	228100	x		x
16	Evaporation from bare soil	m of water equivalent	evabs	228101	x		x
17	Evaporation from open water surfaces excluding oceans	m of water equivalent	evaow	228102	x		x
18	Evaporation from vegetation transpiration	m of water equivalent	evavt	228103	x		x
19	Snow cover	%	snowc	260038	x		x
20	Potential evaporation	m	pev	228251	x	x
21	Snow depth	m	sde	3066	x		x

Accumulations are described in section ERA5-Land data documentation. The accumulations in monthly means (stream=moda/mnth) are described in section monthly means

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Possible issue: There is a positive bias in ERA5 snow cover. This is even after the assimilation of snow reports. The IMS snow cover product is not assimilated over mountainous areas in ERA5, which probably is part of the issue. In ERA5-Land no data is directly assimilated, which makes the positive bias more prominent, especially in areas of high-elevation.
Possible issue: Possible shift one skin temperature due to long time step of 1 hour. (TO BE UPDATED BEFORE MAKING IT PUBLIC **********)

How to cite ERA5-Land

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