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Grid geometry
ERA5 data is produced and archived as spectral coefficients or on a reduced Gaussian grid, which has quasi-uniform spacing over the globe. Reduced Gaussian grids have a series of evenly spaced data points along each parallel (latitude), and parallels spaced at quasi-regular intervals. Near the poles there are only a few points along a parallel, but close to the equator there are many more data points along a parallel.
A reduced Gaussian grid is quite different from a Cartesian grid (a two-dimensional rectangular grid).
The ERA5 HRES (High Resolution) and EDA (Ensemble) data are archived in these grid representations:
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For a list of spectral, Gaussian and equivalent lat/lon grids see the Open IFS FAQ, section "OpenIFS questions: general and runtime", and there "What does the 'T' mean in 'T511', 'T1279' etc?" and "How do I know the grid from from the 'T' number?"
When you download ERA5 data, the grid geometry of your output data depends on the selected data format:
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