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The GCOS module of the WDQMS web tool monitors the performance of both surface and upper-air components of the climate observing system. The surface component is based on the routine monitoring of CLIMAT reports done by DWD and JMA in their capacities as GSN monitoring centres. The system collects a file provided monthly by DWD with information on availability and completeness of CLIMAT data for all the GSN stations recorded in OSCAR/Surface. The upper-air component is based on the routine monitoring of TEMP reports done by DWD and ECMWF in their capacities as GUAN monitoring centres. The system monitors the performance of all upper-air (radiosonde) land stations that are part of the GUAN as documented in WMO’s database OSCAR/Surface, based on monthly monitoring information provided by DWD. The system collects two files monthly containing the availability and quality monitoring information separately.
2.2.1.Surface-land observations
DWD provides a monthly monitoring statistics report, which includes information on the availability and completeness of the CLIMAT reports sent by all the surface land stations that are part of GSN. The availability results are obtained by checking the collected monthly CLIMAT messages against the list of stations affiliated to the GSN and registered in OSCAR/Surface. For a station to be classified as reporting it needs to have sent a CLIMAT report that includes information of at least one of the following variables: monthly mean temperature, monthly precipitation amount, mean daily maximum temperature and mean daily minimum. The completeness is obtained from the information - not mandatory though - provided on the number of days of the month missing for some observed variables. The variables included in GSN completeness monitoring are: daily mean surface pressure, daily mean air temperature, daily maximum air temperature, daily minimum air temperature, daily mean water vapour, total daily precipitation and total daily sunshine duration. Provision of the data report (monthly), typically happens on the 22nd of the following month.
2.2.2.Upper-air land observations
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