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The meteorological wind direction is the direction from which the wind is blowing.
Wind direction increases clockwise such that a northerly wind is 0°, an easterly wind is 90°, a southerly wind is 180°, and a westerly wind is 270°.
Because trigonometry uses a polar coordinate system in which 0° is along the x axis, the meteorological angle definition can wreak havoc on typical angle calculations.
Fortunately, it is still easy to compute the wind components, u and v, given the meteorological wind angle. Let Φ be the meteorological wind direction angle, then the following equations can be applied:
Mathdisplay |
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\begin{align*}
u &= - \mid\overrightarrow{\rm V}\mid \sin \phi \\
v &= - \mid\overrightarrow{\rm V}\mid \cos \phi \\
\mid\overrightarrow{\rm V}\mid &= \sqrt{u^2 + v^2}
\end{align*} |
Note that Φ must be in radians. If Φ is in degrees, multiply the angle by π/180 before using the trig functions.
It is also possible to compute Φ from u and v using the atan2 function.
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On a spreadsheet, use the following equation to get an answer in degrees in the range 0 ≤ Φ < 360: Mathdisplay |
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\phi =\mod\left(180 + \frac{180}{\pi}atan2(v,u),360\right) |
The atan2 arguments vary by type of software and in some applications the arguments (v, u) are switched around. For more details please have a look at the section 'Realizations of the function in common computer languages' in the following link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atan2. |
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