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Here we document the ERA5-Land dataset, which , eventually, will cover covers the same period as ERA5, January 1950 to near real time (NRT). ERA5-Land data released so far covers the period from 1950 to 2-3 months before the present. In addition, the facility to deliver timely close to Near-Real-Time (NRT) updates is being implemented and it will be made available shortly. This ERA5-Land timely updates NRT facility (hereafter called ERA5-LandT) will be synchronized with the timely updates those of the ERA5 climate reanalysis (ERA5T).

ERA5-Land is a replay of the land component of the ERA5 climate reanalysis, but forced by meteorological fields from ERA5. Note that ERA5-Land always uses forcing fields based on the final release of ERA5 (i.e., expver=0001). ERA5-Land comes with a series of improvements making it more accurate for all types of land applications. In particular, ERA5-Land runs at enhanced resolution (9 km vs 31 km in ERA5). The temporal frequency of the output is hourly and the fields are masked for all oceans, making them lighter to handle. Click this link here for comparison of the ERA5-Land features against other ECMWF reanalyses.

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Table 0: the mapping, for forecasts, between MARS date, time and step and the CDS date and time

CDS date time	MARS date time step	CDS date time	MARS date time step
date 00	date-1 0 24	date 12	date 0 12
date 01	date 0 1	date 13	date 0 13
date 02	date 0 2	date 14	date 0 14
date 03	date 0 3	date 15	date 0 15
date 04	date 0 4	date 16	date 0 16
date 05	date 0 5	date 17	date 0 17
date 06	date 0 6	date 18	date 0 18
date 07	date 0 7	date 19	date 0 19
date 08	date 0 8	date 20	date 0 20
date 09	date 0 9	date 21	date 0 21
date 10	date 0 10	date 22	date 0 22
date 11	date 0 11	date 23	date 0 23

Spatial grid

The ERA5-Land HRES dataset has been produced at a resolution of 9 km, (~0.08°) and in a (octahedral) reduced Gaussian grid (represented as TCo1279). Currently, the uncertainty of the fields is to be obtained from the ERA5 EDA dataset, which has a resolution of 62km (~0.56°).

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Table 1: surface parameters: invariants (in time)

name	units	shortName	paramId	GRIB1	GRIB2	netCDF4
Geopotential (GRIB version 1) Geopotential (GRIB version 2) Geopotential (netCDF4)	m2 s-2	z	129	x	x	x
Lake cover (GRIB version 2) Lake cover (netCDF4)	(0-1)	cl	26		x	x
Land-sea mask (GRIB version 2) Land-sea mask (netCDF4)	(0-1)	lsm	172		x	x
Low vegetation cover (GRIB version 2) Low vegetation cover (netCDF4)	(0 - 1)	cvl	27		x	x
High vegetation cover (GRIB version 2) High vegetation cover (netCDF4)	(0 - 1)	cvh	28		x	x
Surface roughness (GRIB version 1) Surface roughness (netCDF4)	m	sr	173	x		x
Soil type (GRIB version 2) Soil type(netCDF4)	~	slt	43		x	x
Type of low vegetation (GRIB version 1) Type of low vegetation (netCDF4)	~	tvl	29	x		x
Type of high vegetation (GRIB version 1) Type of high vegetation (netCDF4)	~	tvh	30	x		x

Table 2: stream=oper/mnth/moda, levtype=sfc: surface parameters: instantaneous

	name	units	Variable name in CDS	shortName	paramId	an	fc	GRIB1	GRIB2	Used as forcing field
1	Lake mix-layer temperature	K	lake_mix_layer_temperature	lmlt	228008	x		x
2	Lake mix-layer depth	m	lake_mix_layer_depth	lmld	228009	x		x
3	Lake bottom temperature	K	lake_bottom_temperature	lblt	228010	x		x
4	Lake total layer temperature	K	lake_total_layer_temperature	ltlt	228011	x		x
5	Lake shape factor	dimensionless	lake_shape_factor	lshf	228012	x		x
6	Lake ice temperature	K	lake_ice_temperature	lict	228013	x		x
7	Lake ice depth	m	lake_ice_depth	licd	228014	x		x
8	Snow cover	%	snow_cover	snowc	260038		x		x
9	Snow depth	m	snow_depth	sde	3066		x		x
10	Snow albedo	(0 - 1)	snow_albedo	asn	32	x		x
11	Snow density	kg m**-3	snow_density	rsn	33	x		x
12	Volumetric soil water layer 1¹	m3 m-3	volumetric_soil_water_layer_1	swvl1	39	x		x
13	Volumetric soil water layer 2¹	m3 m-3	volumetric_soil_water_layer_2	swvl2	40	x		x
14	Volumetric soil water layer 3¹	m3 m-3	volumetric_soil_water_layer_3	swvl3	41	x		x
15	Volumetric soil water layer 4¹	m3 m-3	volumetric_soil_water_layer_4	swvl4	42	x		x
16	Leaf area index, low vegetation²	m2 m-2	leaf_area_index_low_vegetation	lai_lv	66		x	x
17	Leaf area index, high vegetation²	m2 m-2	leaf_area_index_high_vegetation	lai_hv	67		x	x
18	Surface pressure	Pa	surface_pressure	sp	134		x	x		x
19	Soil temperature level 1¹	K	soil_temperature_level_1	stl1	139	x		x
20	Snow depth water equivalent	m of water equivalent	snow_depth_water_equivalent	sd	141	x		x
21	10 metre U wind component	m s**-1	10m_u_component_of_wind	u10	165		x	x		x
22	10 metre V wind component	m s**-1	10m_v_component_of_wind	v10	166		x	x		x
23	2 metre temperature	K	2m_temperature	2t	167		x	x
24	2 metre dewpoint temperature	K	2m_dewpoint_temperature	2d	168		x	x
25	Soil temperature level 2¹	K	soil_temperature_level_2	stl2	170	x		x
26	Soil temperature level 3¹	K	soil_temperature_level_3	stl3	183	x		x
27	Skin reservoir content	m of water equivalent	skin_reservoir_content	src	198	x
28	Skin temperature	K	skin_temperature	skt	235	x		x
29	Soil temperature level 4¹	K	soil_temperature_level_4	stl4	236	x		x
30	Temperature of snow layer	K	temperature_of_snow_layer	tsn	238	x		x
31	Forecast albedo	(0 - 1)	forecast_albedo	fal	243		x	x

¹

Expand

title	Soil levels

Layer	Range
Layer 1	0 - 7 cm
Layer 2	7 - 28 cm
Layer 3	28 - 100 cm
Layer 4	100 - 289 cm

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Table 3: stream=oper/mnth/moda, levtype=sfc: surface parameters: accumulations

	name	units	Variable name in CDS	shortName	paramId	fc	GRIB1	GRIB2	Used as forcing field
1	Surface runoff	m	surface_runoff	sro	8	x	x
2	Sub-surface runoff	m	sub_surface_runoff	ssro	9	x	x
3	Snowmelt	m of water equivalent	snowmelt	smlt	45	x	x
4	Snowfall	m of water equivalent	snowfall	sf	144	x	x		x
5	Surface sensible heat flux	J m**-2	surface_sensible_heat_flux	sshf	146	x	x
6	Surface latent heat flux	J m**-2	surface_latent_heat_flux	slhf	147	x	x
7	Surface solar radiation downwards	J m**-2	surface_solar_radiation_downwards	ssrd	169	x	x		x
8	Surface thermal radiation downwards	J m**-2	surface_thermal_radiation_downwards	strd	175	x	x		x
9	Surface net solar radiation	J m**-2	surface_net_solar_radiation	ssr	176	x	x		x
10	Surface net thermal radiation	J m**-2	surface_net_thermal_radiation	str	177	x	x		x
11	Total Evaporation	m of water equivalent	total_evaporation	e	182	x	x
12	Runoff	m	runoff	ro	205	x	x
13	Total precipitation	m	total_precipitation	tp	228	x	x		x
14	Evaporation from the top of canopy	m of water equivalent	evaporation_from_the_top_of_canopy	evatc	228100	x		x
15	Evaporation from bare soil	m of water equivalent	evaporation_from_bare_soil	evabs	228101	x		x
16	Evaporation from open water surfaces excluding oceans	m of water equivalent	evaporation_from_open_water_surfaces_excluding_oceans	evaow	228102	x		x
17	Evaporation from vegetation transpiration	m of water equivalent	evaporation_from_vegetation_transpiration	evavt	228103	x		x
18	Potential evaporation	m	potential_evaporation	pev	228251	x	x

Accumulations are described in section ERA5-Land: data documentation#accumulations. The accumulations in monthly means (stream=moda/mnth) are described in section monthly means

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Spatial grid

Table 1: surface parameters: invariants (in time)

Table 2: stream=oper/mnth/moda, levtype=sfc: surface parameters: instantaneous

Table 3: stream=oper/mnth/moda, levtype=sfc: surface parameters: accumulations