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History of modifications

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Version	Date	Description of modification	Chapters / Sections
1	27/12/2018	initial	all
1.0.1	30/01/2019	Recommendation for valid maximum (daily)	2.3
1.1	11/12/2019	Minor updates	General Definitions
1.2	11/12/2020	Minor updates, targets and achievements for ICDR	all

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	table1

Table 1: Input data for GPCP monthly, see Tables 1 and 2 and algorithm description in [D1].

Name	Data type	GPCP time period	Data source	Notes
RSS SSMI Tb CDR	Brightness temperature	Aug 1987 to Dec 2008	NCEI	Data from satellites F08: Jul 1987 to Dec 1991 (excl. Dec 1987) F11: Jan 1992 to May 1995 F13: June 1995 to Dec 2008 The passive microwave (brightness temperature) observations are used to retrieve precipitation rates over the oceans
RSS SSMIS Tb CDR	Brightness temperature	Jan 2009 to present	NCEI	Replaces SSM/I Tb; data only from satellite F17
Ferraro	Precipitation	Aug 1987 to present	NESDIS/STAR	Precipitation rates over land based on SSMI/SSMIS observations, according to Ferraro (1997)
TOVS	Precipitation	Aug 1987 to Dec 2002	GPCP/GSFC	TOVS-based precipitation estimates (Susskind et al., 1997) merged with SSMI-based estimates and replace those estimates moving poleward from 40 degree latitude.
AIRS V6	Precipitation	Jan 2003 to present	GSFC DISC	Replaces TOVS
OPI	Precipitation	Jan 1979 to Dec 1985	GPCP/GSFC	Satellites used: TIROS-N, NOAA-6, NOAA-7, NOAA-9 AVHRR-based Outgoing Longwave Radiation Precipitation Index (OPI)
IR Monthly	Brightness temperature	Jan 1986 to Dec 1996	GPCP/GSFC	Infrared observations by geostationary satellites
IR 3 hourly files	Brightness temperature	Jan 1997 to present	CPC	Files include IR histograms and OPI precipitation
GPCC version 7 Full Data Reanalysis	Precipitation	Jan 1979 to Dec 2013	DWD (GPCC)	Climate quality 2.5° gridded gauge data over land; reprocessed regularly Over land, the bias of the satellite-based is adjusted to match the bias of GPCC; then a weighted average of GPCC and satellite-based estimates is computed as final output of the algorithm
GPCC Monitoring Product version 5	Precipitation	Jan 2014 to present	DWD (GPCC)	Interim version of full analysis intended to continue record

1.2 Target requirements

Table 2 provides an overview of achieved and targeted coverage and error-related properties of the TCDR-part of the dataset (until 12/2017). The target requirements (errors, stability) have been formulated in the context of monitoring the quality of precipitation products within C3S via Key Performance Indicators (KPI). They refer to the comparison of the dataset to a specific reference dataset. Here, the achieved specifications are computed in comparison with TMPA 3B43 (TRMM, 2011) which is available between 50°S and 50°N.

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	table2
	table2

Table 2: Characteristics of the GPCP monthly mean precipitation rate v2.3 (CDR – Jan 1979 to Dec 2017)

Dataset property

Achieved

Target requirement

Geographic coverage

Global

Temporal coverage

01/1979 - 12/2017

Multi-decadal and up-to-date

Random error

Absolute:

Percentile	Uncertainty (mm/d)
50% (Median)	0.70
75%	1.15
95%	1.76
100% (Max)	14.12

n/a

Relative:

Percentile	Uncertainty (50%)
50% (Median)	50.7
75%	101.9
95%	657.7

Systematic error

100% achieved*

0.3 mm/d

Stability

0.027 mm/d/dec*^,**

0.034 mm/d/dec

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	note1

* with respect to TMPA

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** over the TMPA period (1998-2017) via least-squares fit

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	table3
	table3

Table 3: Characteristics of the GPCP monthly mean precipitation rate v2.3 (ICDR – Jan 2018 onwards)

Dataset property	Achieved	Target requirement
Geographic coverage	Global	Global
Temporal coverage	01/2018 - present	Continuous updates
Random error	Same distribution as in Table 2 applies.	n/a
Systematic error	100% achieved	2018 & 2019: 95% of all differences (relative to TMPA) averaged over latitudes between 50°S and 50°N to lie between -0.175 mm/h and +0.189 mm/h 2020 onwards: 95% of all differences (relative to ERA5) averaged globally to lie between -0.336 mm/h and -0.063 mm/h
Stability	n/a	n/a

1.3 Data usage information

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	table4
	table4

Table 4: Input data for GPCP daily, see Table 1 and algorithm description in [D2].

Name	Data type	GPCP time period	Data source	Notes
RSS SSMI Tb CDR	Brightness temperature	1996 to 2008	NCEI	Satellite F13 The passive microwave (brightness temperature) observations are used to retrieve precipitation rates over the oceans
RSS SSMIS Tb CDR	Brightness temperature	2009 to present	NCEI	Replaces SSM/I Tb; data only from F17
GPCP Monthly Analysis V2.3	Precipitation	1996 to present	NCEI	Fractional rainfall observations are calibrated by GPCP monthly
TOVS	Precipitation	1996 to 2002	GPCP/GSFC	TOVS-based precipitation estimates (Susskind et al., 1997) merged with SSMI-based estimates and replace those estimates moving poleward from 40 degree latitude.
AIRS V6	Precipitation	2003 to present	GSFC DISC	Replaces TOVS
IR 3 hourly files	Brightness temperature	1996 to present	CPC	Infrared observations by geostationary satellites Files include IR histograms and OPI precipitation

2.2 Target requirements

Table 5 provides an overview of achieved and targeted coverage- and error-related properties of the TCDR dataset. The target requirements (errors, stability) have been formulated in the context of monitoring the quality of precipitation products within C3S via Key Performance Indicators. They refer to the comparison of the dataset to a specific reference dataset. Here, the achieved specifications are computed in comparison with TMPA 3B42 (Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center, 2016) which is available between 50°S and 50°N.

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	table5
	table5

Table 5: Characteristics of the GPCP daily mean precipitation rate v1.3 (CDR)

Dataset property	Achieved	Target requirement
Geographic coverage	Global	Global
Temporal coverage	10/1996 - 12/2017	Multi-decadal and up-to-date
Random error	n/a	n/a
Systematic error	92.47% achieved*	0.3 mm/d
Stability	0.032 mm/d/dec^,*	0.034 mm/d/dec

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	note3

* with respect to TMPA

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	note4

** over the TMPA period (1998-2017) via least-squares fit

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	table6
	table6

Table 6: Characteristics of the GPCP daily mean precipitation rate v2.3 (ICDR)

Dataset property	Achieved	Target requirement
Geographic coverage	Global	Global
Temporal coverage	01/2018 - present	Continuous updates
Random error	n/a	n/a
Systematic error	100% achieved	2018 & 2019: 95% of all differences to TMPA averaged over latitudes between 50°S and 50°N to lie between -0.332 mm/h and +0.343 mm/h 2020 onwards: 95% of all differences to ERA5 averaged globally to lie between -0.535 mm/h and +0.017 mm/h
Stability	n/a	n/a

2.3 Data usage information

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Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) (2011), TRMM (TMPA/3B43) Rainfall Estimate L3 1 month 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree V7, Greenbelt, MD, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), doi: 10.5067/TRMM/TMPA/MONTH/7

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_{This document has been produced in the context of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S).}

_{The activities leading to these results have been contracted by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, operator of C3S on behalf of the European Union (Delegation agreement signed on 11/11/2014). All information in this document is provided "as is" and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose.}

_{The users thereof use the information at their sole risk and liability. For the avoidance of all doubt , the European Commission and the European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts have no liability in respect of this document, which is merely representing the author's view.}

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