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The application automatically updates in the month following the end of the required season. For the JFM temperature, this is on day 30 of April. For the JJA precipitation it is day 30 of September.

Application interface

The application presents an interactive map of Europe displaying the representative temperature and representative total precipitation for each Member State (Figure 1, left panel). The variable to be displayed is selected via a dropdown menu situated above the map. The representative temperature is the temporally averaged and spatial median temperature described in the previous section. Likewise, the representative total precipitation is the temporal sum and spatial median precipitation value described above. A time slider positioned at the bottom of the map frame allows the user to manually select a required year or automatically scroll through each year in the period (1991-2021).

Figure 1: The application’s main interface consists of an interactive map (left panel) displaying either temperature or precipitation, and a detailed timeseries (right panel) displaying the exceptionally cold winters (temperature) or exceptionally dry summers (precipitation) that fall below the threshold. Here, the default variable temperature is selected (left panel). The exceptionally cold winters are identified by the red data points situated below the threshold line in the timeseries (right panel).

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