Page History

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(stream=oper/enda/mnth/moda/edmm/edmo, levtype=sfc)
(The native grid is the reduced Gaussian grid N320 (N160 for the EDA))

count	name	units	Variable name in CDS	shortName	paramId	an	fc
1	Lake cover	(0 - 1)	lake_cover	cl	26	x	x
2	Lake depth	m	lake_depth	dl	228007	x	x
3	Low vegetation cover	(0 - 1)	low_vegetation_cover	cvl	27	x
4	High vegetation cover	(0 - 1)	high_vegetation_cover	cvh	28	x
5	Type of low vegetation	~	type_of_low_vegetation	tvl	29	x
6	Type of high vegetation	~	type_of_high_vegetation	tvh	30	x
7	Soil type¹	~	soil_type	slt	43	x
8	Standard deviation of filtered subgrid orography	m	standard_deviation_of_filtered_subgrid_orography	sdfor	74	x
9	Geopotential	m2 s-2	geopotential	z	129	x	x
10	Standard deviation of orography	~	standard_deviation_of_orography	sdor	160	x
11	Anisotropy of sub-gridscale orography	~	anisotropy_of_sub_gridscale_orography	isor	161	x
12	Angle of sub-gridscale orography	radians	angle_of_sub_gridscale_orography	anor	162	x
13	Slope of sub-gridscale orography	~	slope_of_sub_gridscale_orography	slor	163	x
14	Land-sea mask	(0 - 1)	land_sea_mask	lsm	172	x	x

¹Soil type (texture) determines the saturation, field capacity and permanent wilting point at all the soil levels, see Table 8.9 in Chapter 8 Surface parametrization, Part IV Physical Processes of the IFS documentation (CY41R2 for ERA5).

...

(stream=oper/enda/mnth/moda/edmm/edmo, levtype=sfc)
(The native grid is the reduced Gaussian grid N320 (N160 for the EDA))

count	name	units	Variable name in CDS	shortName	paramId	an	fc
1	Convective inhibition	J kg**-1	convective_inhibition	cin	228001		x
2	Friction velocity	m s**-1	friction_velocity	zust	228003		x
3	Lake mix-layer temperature	K	lake_mix_layer_temperature	lmlt	228008	x	x
4	Lake mix-layer depth	m	lake_mix_layer_depth	lmld	228009	x	x
5	Lake bottom temperature	K	lake_bottom_temperature	lblt	228010	x	x
6	Lake total layer temperature	K	lake_total_layer_temperature	ltlt	228011	x	x
7	Lake shape factor	dimensionless	lake_shape_factor	lshf	228012	x	x
8	Lake ice temperature	K	lake_ice_temperature	lict	228013	x	x
9	Lake ice depth	m	lake_ice_depth	licd	228014	x	x
10	UV visible albedo for direct radiation	(0 - 1)	uv_visible_albedo_for_direct_radiation	aluvp	15	x	x
11	Minimum vertical gradient of refractivity inside trapping layer	m**-1	minimum_vertical_gradient_of_refractivity_inside_trapping_layer	dndzn	228015		x
12	UV visible albedo for diffuse radiation	(0 - 1)	uv_visible_albedo_for_diffuse_radiation	aluvd	16	x	x
13	Mean vertical gradient of refractivity inside trapping layer	m**-1	mean_vertical_gradient_of_refractivity_inside_trapping_layer	dndza	228016		x
14	Near IR albedo for direct radiation	(0 - 1)	near_ir_albedo_for_direct_radiation	alnip	17	x	x
15	Duct base height	m	duct_base_height	dctb	228017		x
16	Near IR albedo for diffuse radiation	(0 - 1)	near_ir_albedo_for_diffuse_radiation	alnid	18	x	x
17	Trapping layer base height	m	trapping_layer_base_height	tplb	228018		x
18	Trapping layer top height	m	trapping_layer_top_height	tplt	228019		x
19	Cloud base height	m	cloud_base_height	cbh	228023		x
20	Zero degree level	m	zero_degree_level	deg0l	228024		x
21	Instantaneous 10 metre wind gust	m s**-1	instantaneous_10m_wind_gust	i10fg	228029		x
22	Sea ice area fraction	(0 - 1)	sea-ice_cover	ci	31	x	x
23	Snow albedo	(0 - 1)	snow_albedo	asn	32	x	x
24	Snow density	kg m**-3	snow_density	rsn	33	x	x
25	Sea surface temperature	K	sea_surface_temperature	sst	34	x	x
26	Ice temperature layer 1	K	ice_temperature_layer_1	istl1	35	x	x
27	Ice temperature layer 2	K	ice_temperature_layer_2	istl2	36	x	x
28	Ice temperature layer 3	K	ice_temperature_layer_3	istl3	37	x	x
29	Ice temperature layer 4	K	ice_temperature_layer_4	istl4	38	x	x
30	Volumetric soil water layer 1¹	m3 m-3	volumetric_soil_water_layer_1	swvl1	39	x	x
31	Volumetric soil water layer 2¹	m3 m-3	volumetric_soil_water_layer_2	swvl2	40	x	x
32	Volumetric soil water layer 3¹	m3 m-3	volumetric_soil_water_layer_3	swvl3	41	x	x
33	Volumetric soil water layer 4¹	m3 m-3	volumetric_soil_water_layer_4	swvl4	42	x	x
34	Convective available potential energy	J kg**-1	convective_available_potential_energy	cape	59	x	x
35	Leaf area index, low vegetation³	m2 m-2	leaf_area_index_low_vegetation	lai_lv	66	x	x
36	Leaf area index, high vegetation³	m2 m-2	leaf_area_index_high_vegetation	lai_hv	67	x	x
37	Neutral wind at 10 m u-component	m s**-1	10m_u-component_of_neutral_wind	u10n	228131	x	x
38	Neutral wind at 10 m v-component	m s**-1	10m_v-component_of_neutral_wind	v10n	228132	x	x
39	Surface pressure	Pa	surface_pressure	sp	134	x	x
40	Soil temperature level 1¹	K	soil_temperature_level_1	stl1	139	x	x
41	Snow depth	m of water equivalent	snow_depth	sd	141	x	x
42	Charnock	~	charnock	chnk	148	x	x
43	Mean sea level pressure	Pa	mean_sea_level_pressure	msl	151	x	x
44	Boundary layer height	m	boundary_layer_height	blh	159	x	x
45	Total cloud cover	(0 - 1)	total_cloud_cover	tcc	164	x	x
46	10 metre U wind component	m s**-1	10m_u-component_of_wind	10u	165	x	x
47	10 metre V wind component	m s**-1	10m_v-component_of_wind	10v	166	x	x
48	2 metre temperature	K	2m_temperature	2t	167	x	x
49	2 metre dewpoint temperature	K	2m_dewpoint_temperature	2d	168	x	x
50	Soil temperature level 2¹	K	soil_temperature_level_2	stl2	170	x	x
51	Soil temperature level 3¹	K	soil_temperature_level_3	stl3	183	x	x
52	Low cloud cover	(0 - 1)	low_cloud_cover	lcc	186	x	x
53	Medium cloud cover	(0 - 1)	medium_cloud_cover	mcc	187	x	x
54	High cloud cover	(0 - 1)	high_cloud_cover	hcc	188	x	x
55	Skin reservoir content	m of water equivalent	skin_reservoir_content	src	198	x	x
56	Instantaneous large-scale surface precipitation fraction	(0 - 1)	instantaneous_large_scale_surface_precipitation_fraction	ilspf	228217		x
57	Convective rain rate	kg m-2 s-1	convective_rain_rate	crr	228218		x
58	Large scale rain rate	kg m-2 s-1	large_scale_rain_rate	lsrr	228219		x
59	Convective snowfall rate water equivalent	kg m-2 s-1	convective_snowfall_rate_water_equivalent	csfr	228220		x
60	Large scale snowfall rate water equivalent	kg m-2 s-1	large_scale_snowfall_rate_water_equivalent	lssfr	228221		x
61	Instantaneous eastward turbulent surface stress	N m**-2	instantaneous_eastward_turbulent_surface_stress	iews	229	x	x
62	Instantaneous northward turbulent surface stress	N m**-2	instantaneous_northward_turbulent_surface_stress	inss	230	x	x
63	Instantaneous surface sensible heat flux	W m**-2	instantaneous_surface_sensible_heat_flux	ishf	231	x	x
64	Instantaneous moisture flux	kg m-2 s-1	instantaneous_moisture_flux	ie	232	x	x
65	Skin temperature	K	skin_temperature	skt	235	x	x
66	Soil temperature level 4¹	K	soil_temperature_level_4	stl4	236	x	x
67	Temperature of snow layer	K	temperature_of_snow_layer	tsn	238	x	x
68	Forecast albedo	(0 - 1)	forecast_albedo	fal	243	x	x
69	Forecast surface roughness	m	forecast_surface_roughness	fsr	244	x	x
70	Forecast logarithm of surface roughness for heat	~	forecast_logarithm_of_surface_roughness_for_heat	flsr	245	x	x
71	100 metre U wind component	m s**-1	100m_u-component_of_wind	100u	228246	x	x
72	100 metre V wind component	m s**-1	100m_v-component_of_wind	100v	228247	x	x
73	Precipitation type²	code table (4.201)	precipitation_type	ptype	260015		x
74	K index²	K	k_index	kx	260121		x
75	Total totals index²	K	total_totals_index	totalx	260123		x

Expand

title	1 Soil layers

Layer	Range
Layer 1	0 - 7 cm
Layer 2	7 - 28 cm
Layer 3	28 - 100 cm
Layer 4	100 - 289 cm

Please note that in GRIB1, the largest value which can be stored in 1 octet is 255, so the layer 4 bottom value is set to "missing" (rather than 289). Some software can therefore give incorrect values for the lower boundary of this layer (e.g. CDO reports the value as 255). Please see https://confluence.ecmwf.int/x/uqOGC for more details.

...

(stream=oper/enda/mnth/moda/edmm/edmo, levtype=sfc)
(The native grid is the reduced Gaussian grid N320 (N160 for the EDA))

count	name	units	Variable name in CDS	shortName	paramId	fc
1	Large-scale precipitation fraction	s	large_scale_precipitation_fraction	lspf	50	x
2	Downward UV radiation at the surface	J m**-2	downward_uv_radiation_at_the_surface	uvb	57	x
3	Boundary layer dissipation	J m**-2	boundary_layer_dissipation	bld	145	x
4	Surface sensible heat flux	J m**-2	surface_sensible_heat_flux	sshf	146	x
5	Surface latent heat flux	J m**-2	surface_latent_heat_flux	slhf	147	x
6	Surface solar radiation downwards	J m**-2	surface_solar_radiation_downwards	ssrd	169	x
7	Surface thermal radiation downwards	J m**-2	surface_thermal_radiation_downwards	strd	175	x
8	Surface net solar radiation	J m**-2	surface_net_solar_radiation	ssr	176	x
9	Surface net thermal radiation	J m**-2	surface_net_thermal_radiation	str	177	x
10	Top net solar radiation	J m**-2	top_net_solar_radiation	tsr	178	x
11	Top net thermal radiation	J m**-2	top_net_thermal_radiation	ttr	179	x
12	Eastward turbulent surface stress	N m**-2 s	eastward_turbulent_surface_stress	ewss	180	x
13	Northward turbulent surface stress	N m**-2 s	northward_turbulent_surface_stress	nsss	181	x
14	Eastward gravity wave surface stress	N m**-2 s	eastward_gravity_wave_surface_stress	lgws	195	x
15	Northward gravity wave surface stress	N m**-2 s	northward_gravity_wave_surface_stress	mgws	196	x
16	Gravity wave dissipation	J m**-2	gravity_wave_dissipation	gwd	197	x
17	Top net solar radiation, clear sky	J m**-2	top_net_solar_radiation_clear_sky	tsrc	208	x
18	Top net thermal radiation, clear sky	J m**-2	top_net_thermal_radiation_clear_sky	ttrc	209	x
19	Surface net solar radiation, clear sky	J m**-2	surface_net_solar_radiation_clear_sky	ssrc	210	x
20	Surface net thermal radiation, clear sky	J m**-2	surface_net_thermal_radiation_clear_sky	strc	211	x
21	TOA incident solar radiation	J m**-2	toa_incident_solar_radiation	tisr	212	x
22	Vertically integrated moisture divergence	kg m**-2	vertically_integrated_moisture_divergence	vimd	213	x
23	Total sky direct solar radiation at surface	J m**-2	total_sky_direct_solar_radiation_at_surface	fdir	228021	x
24	Clear-sky direct solar radiation at surface	J m**-2	clear_sky_direct_solar_radiation_at_surface	cdir	228022	x
25	Surface solar radiation downward clear-sky	J m**-2	surface_solar_radiation_downward_clear_sky	ssrdc	228129	x
26	Surface thermal radiation downward clear-sky	J m**-2	surface_thermal_radiation_downward_clear_sky	strdc	228130	x
27	Surface runoff	m	surface_runoff	sro	8	x
28	Sub-surface runoff	m	sub_surface_runoff	ssro	9	x
29	Snow evaporation	m of water equivalent	snow_evaporation	es	44	x
30	Snowmelt	m of water equivalent	snowmelt	smlt	45	x
31	Large-scale precipitation	m	large_scale_precipitation	lsp	142	x
32	Convective precipitation	m	convective_precipitation	cp	143	x
33	Snowfall	m of water equivalent	snowfall	sf	144	x
34	Evaporation	m of water equivalent	evaporation	e	182	x
35	Runoff	m	runoff	ro	205	x
36	Total precipitation	m	total_precipitation	tp	228	x
37	Convective snowfall	m of water equivalent	convective_snowfall	csf	239	x
38	Large-scale snowfall	m of water equivalent	large_scale_snowfall	lsf	240	x
39	Potential evaporation	m	potential_evaporation	pev	228251	x

The accumulations in monthly means of daily means (stream=moda/edmo), see monthly means, have been scaled to have units that include "per day", so for accumulations in these streams:

...

(stream=oper/enda/mnth/moda/edmm/edmo, levtype=sfc)
(The native grid is the reduced Gaussian grid N320 (N160 for the EDA))

count	name	units	Variable name in CDS	shortName	paramId	fc
1	Mean surface runoff rate	kg m-2 s-1	mean_surface_runoff_rate	msror	235020	x
2	Mean sub-surface runoff rate	kg m-2 s-1	mean_sub_surface_runoff_rate	mssror	235021	x
3	Mean snow evaporation rate	kg m-2 s-1	mean_snow_evaporation_rate	mser	235023	x
4	Mean snowmelt rate	kg m-2 s-1	mean_snowmelt_rate	msmr	235024	x
5	Mean large-scale precipitation fraction	Proportion	mean_large_scale_precipitation_fraction	mlspf	235026	x
6	Mean surface downward UV radiation flux	W m**-2	mean_surface_downward_uv_radiation_flux	msdwuvrf	235027	x
7	Mean large-scale precipitation rate	kg m-2 s-1	mean_large_scale_precipitation_rate	mlspr	235029	x
8	Mean convective precipitation rate	kg m-2 s-1	mean_convective_precipitation_rate	mcpr	235030	x
9	Mean snowfall rate	kg m-2 s-1	mean_snowfall_rate	msr	235031	x
10	Mean boundary layer dissipation	W m**-2	mean_boundary_layer_dissipation	mbld	235032	x
11	Mean surface sensible heat flux	W m**-2	mean_surface_sensible_heat_flux	msshf	235033	x
12	Mean surface latent heat flux	W m**-2	mean_surface_latent_heat_flux	mslhf	235034	x
13	Mean surface downward short-wave radiation flux	W m**-2	mean_surface_downward_short_wave_radiation_flux	msdwswrf	235035	x
14	Mean surface downward long-wave radiation flux	W m**-2	mean_surface_downward_long_wave_radiation_flux	msdwlwrf	235036	x
15	Mean surface net short-wave radiation flux	W m**-2	mean_surface_net_short_wave_radiation_flux	msnswrf	235037	x
16	Mean surface net long-wave radiation flux	W m**-2	mean_surface_net_long_wave_radiation_flux	msnlwrf	235038	x
17	Mean top net short-wave radiation flux	W m**-2	mean_top_net_short_wave_radiation_flux	mtnswrf	235039	x
18	Mean top net long-wave radiation flux	W m**-2	mean_top_net_long_wave_radiation_flux	mtnlwrf	235040	x
19	Mean eastward turbulent surface stress	N m**-2	mean_eastward_turbulent_surface_stress	metss	235041	x
20	Mean northward turbulent surface stress	N m**-2	mean_northward_turbulent_surface_stress	mntss	235042	x
21	Mean evaporation rate	kg m-2 s-1	mean_evaporation_rate	mer	235043	x
22	Mean eastward gravity wave surface stress	N m**-2	mean_eastward_gravity_wave_surface_stress	megwss	235045	x
23	Mean northward gravity wave surface stress	N m**-2	mean_northward_gravity_wave_surface_stress	mngwss	235046	x
24	Mean gravity wave dissipation	W m**-2	mean_gravity_wave_dissipation	mgwd	235047	x
25	Mean runoff rate	kg m-2 s-1	mean_runoff_rate	mror	235048	x
26	Mean top net short-wave radiation flux, clear sky	W m**-2	mean_top_net_short_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky	mtnswrfcs	235049	x
27	Mean top net long-wave radiation flux, clear sky	W m**-2	mean_top_net_long_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky	mtnlwrfcs	235050	x
28	Mean surface net short-wave radiation flux, clear sky	W m**-2	mean_surface_net_short_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky	msnswrfcs	235051	x
29	Mean surface net long-wave radiation flux, clear sky	W m**-2	mean_surface_net_long_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky	msnlwrfcs	235052	x
30	Mean top downward short-wave radiation flux	W m**-2	mean_top_downward_short_wave_radiation_flux	mtdwswrf	235053	x
31	Mean vertically integrated moisture divergence	kg m-2 s-1	mean_vertically_integrated_moisture_divergence	mvimd	235054	x
32	Mean total precipitation rate	kg m-2 s-1	mean_total_precipitation_rate	mtpr	235055	x
33	Mean convective snowfall rate	kg m-2 s-1	mean_convective_snowfall_rate	mcsr	235056	x
34	Mean large-scale snowfall rate	kg m-2 s-1	mean_large_scale_snowfall_rate	mlssr	235057	x
35	Mean surface direct short-wave radiation flux	W m**-2	mean_surface_direct_short_wave_radiation_flux	msdrswrf	235058	x
36	Mean surface direct short-wave radiation flux, clear sky	W m**-2	mean_surface_direct_short_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky	msdrswrfcs	235059	x
37	Mean surface downward short-wave radiation flux, clear sky	W m**-2	mean_surface_downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky	msdwswrfcs	235068	x
38	Mean surface downward long-wave radiation flux, clear sky	W m**-2	mean_surface_downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky	msdwlwrfcs	235069	x
39	Mean potential evaporation rate	kg m-2 s-1	mean_potential_evaporation_rate	mper	235070	x

The mean rates/fluxes in Table 4 provide similar information to the accumulations in Table 3, except they are expressed as temporal averages, and so have units of "per second". The mean rate hydrological parameters have units of "kg m^-2 s^-1" and so they can be multiplied by 86400 seconds (24 hours) to convert to kg m^-2 day^-1 or mm day^-1.

...

(stream=oper/enda, levtype=sfc)
(The native grid is the reduced Gaussian grid N320 (N160 for the EDA))

count	name	units	Variable name in CDS	shortName	paramId	fc
1	10 metre wind gust since previous post-processing	m s**-1	10m_wind_gust_since_previous_post_processing	10fg	49	x
2	Maximum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing	K	maximum_2m_temperature_since_previous_post_processing	mx2t	201	x
3	Minimum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing	K	minimum_2m_temperature_since_previous_post_processing	mn2t	202	x
4	Maximum total precipitation rate since previous post-processing	kg m-2 s-1	maximum_total_precipitation_rate_since_previous_post_processing	mxtpr	228226	x
5	Minimum total precipitation rate since previous post-processing	kg m-2 s-1	minimum_total_precipitation_rate_since_previous_post_processing	mntpr	228227	x

Anchor
Table6
Table6
Table 6: surface and single level parameters: vertical integrals and total column: instantaneous

(stream=oper/enda/mnth/moda/edmm/edmo, levtype=sfc - vertical integrals not available for type=em/es
(The native grid is the reduced Gaussian grid N320 (N160 for the EDA))

count	name	units	Variable name in CDS	shortName	paramId	an	fc
1	Vertical integral of mass of atmosphere	kg m**-2	vertical_integral_of_mass_of_atmosphere	vima	162053	x	x
2	Vertical integral of temperature	K kg m**-2	vertical_integral_of_temperature	vit	162054	x	x
3	Vertical integral of kinetic energy	J m**-2	vertical_integral_of_kinetic_energy	vike	162059	x	x
4	Vertical integral of thermal energy	J m**-2	vertical_integral_of_thermal_energy	vithe	162060	x	x
5	Vertical integral of potential+internal energy	J m**-2	vertical_integral_of_potential_and_internal_energy	vipie	162061	x	x
6	Vertical integral of potential+internal+latent energy	J m**-2	vertical_integral_of_potential_internal_and_latent_energy	vipile	162062	x	x
7	Vertical integral of total energy	J m**-2	vertical_integral_of_total_energy	vitoe	162063	x	x
8	Vertical integral of energy conversion	W m**-2	vertical_integral_of_energy_conversion	viec	162064	x	x
9	Vertical integral of eastward mass flux	kg m-1 s-1	vertical_integral_of_eastward_mass_flux	vimae	162065	x	x
10	Vertical integral of northward mass flux	kg m-1 s-1	vertical_integral_of_northward_mass_flux	viman	162066	x	x
11	Vertical integral of eastward kinetic energy flux	W m**-1	vertical_integral_of_eastward_kinetic_energy_flux	vikee	162067	x	x
12	Vertical integral of northward kinetic energy flux	W m**-1	vertical_integral_of_northward_kinetic_energy_flux	viken	162068	x	x
13	Vertical integral of eastward heat flux	W m**-1	vertical_integral_of_eastward_heat_flux	vithee	162069	x	x
14	Vertical integral of northward heat flux	W m**-1	vertical_integral_of_northward_heat_flux	vithen	162070	x	x
15	Vertical integral of eastward water vapour flux	kg m-1 s-1	vertical_integral_of_eastward_water_vapour_flux	viwve	162071	x	x
16	Vertical integral of northward water vapour flux	kg m-1 s-1	vertical_integral_of_northward_water_vapour_flux	viwvn	162072	x	x
17	Vertical integral of eastward geopotential flux	W m**-1	vertical_integral_of_eastward_geopotential_flux	vige	162073	x	x
18	Vertical integral of northward geopotential flux	W m**-1	vertical_integral_of_northward_geopotential_flux	vign	162074	x	x
19	Vertical integral of eastward total energy flux	W m**-1	vertical_integral_of_eastward_total_energy_flux	vitoee	162075	x	x
20	Vertical integral of northward total energy flux	W m**-1	vertical_integral_of_northward_total_energy_flux	vitoen	162076	x	x
21	Vertical integral of eastward ozone flux	kg m-1 s-1	vertical_integral_of_eastward_ozone_flux	vioze	162077	x	x
22	Vertical integral of northward ozone flux	kg m-1 s-1	vertical_integral_of_northward_ozone_flux	viozn	162078	x	x
23	Vertical integral of divergence of cloud liquid water flux	kg m-2 s-1	vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_cloud_liquid_water_flux	vilwd	162079	x	x
24	Vertical integral of divergence of cloud frozen water flux	kg m-2 s-1	vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_cloud_frozen_water_flux	viiwd	162080	x	x
25	Vertical integral of divergence of mass flux	kg m-2 s-1	vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_mass_flux	vimad	162081	x	x
26	Vertical integral of divergence of kinetic energy flux	W m**-2	vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_kinetic_energy_flux	viked	162082	x	x
27	Vertical integral of divergence of thermal energy flux	W m**-2	vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_thermal_energy_flux	vithed	162083	x	x
28	Vertical integral of divergence of moisture flux	kg m-2 s-1	vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_moisture_flux	viwvd	162084	x	x
29	Vertical integral of divergence of geopotential flux	W m**-2	vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_geopotential_flux	vigd	162085	x	x
30	Vertical integral of divergence of total energy flux	W m**-2	vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_total_energy_flux	vitoed	162086	x	x
31	Vertical integral of divergence of ozone flux	kg m-2 s-1	vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_ozone_flux	viozd	162087	x	x
32	Vertical integral of eastward cloud liquid water flux	kg m-1 s-1	vertical_integral_of_eastward_cloud_liquid_water_flux	vilwe	162088	x	x
33	Vertical integral of northward cloud liquid water flux	kg m-1 s-1	vertical_integral_of_northward_cloud_liquid_water_flux	vilwn	162089	x	x
34	Vertical integral of eastward cloud frozen water flux	kg m-1 s-1	vertical_integral_of_eastward_cloud_frozen_water_flux	viiwe	162090	x	x
35	Vertical integral of northward cloud frozen water flux	kg m-1 s-1	vertical_integral_of_northward_cloud_frozen_water_flux	viiwn	162091	x	x
36	Vertical integral of mass tendency	kg m-2 s-1	vertical_integral_of_mass_tendency	vimat	162092	x
37	Total column cloud liquid water	kg m**-2	total_column_cloud_liquid_water	tclw	78	x	x
38	Total column cloud ice water	kg m**-2	total_column_cloud_ice_water	tciw	79	x	x
39	Total column supercooled liquid water	kg m**-2	total_column_supercooled_liquid_water	tcslw	228088		x
40	Total column rain water	kg m**-2	total_column_rain_water	tcrw	228089	x	x
41	Total column snow water	kg m**-2	total_column_snow_water	tcsw	228090	x	x
42	Total column water	kg m**-2	total_column_water	tcw	136	x	x
43	Total column water vapour	kg m**-2	total_column_water_vapour	tcwv	137	x	x
44	Total column ozone	kg m**-2	total_column_ozone	tco3	206	x	x

Anchor
Table7
Table7
Table 7: wave parameters: instantaneous

(stream=wave/ewda/wamo/wamd/ewmm/ewmo)
(The native grid is the reduced latitude/longitude grid of 0.36 degrees (1.0 degree for the EDA))

count

name

units

Variable name in CDS

shortName

paramId

an

fc

1

Significant wave height of first swell partition

m

significant_wave_height_of_first_swell_partition

swh1

140121

x

2

Mean wave direction of first swell partition

degrees

mean_wave_direction_of_first_swell_partition

mwd1

140122

x

3

Mean wave period of first swell partition

s

mean_wave_period_of_first_swell_partition

mwp1

140123

x

4

Significant wave height of second swell partition

m

significant_wave_height_of_second_swell_partition

swh2

140124

x

5

Mean wave direction of second swell partition

degrees

mean_wave_period_of_second_swell_partition

mwd2

140125

x

6

Mean wave period of second swell partition

s

mean_wave_period_of_second_swell_partition

mwp2

140126

x

7

Significant wave height of third swell partition

m

significant_wave_height_of_third_swell_partition

swh3

140127

x

8

Mean wave direction of third swell partition

degrees

mean_wave_direction_of_third_swell_partition

mwd3

140128

x

9

Mean wave period of third swell partition

s

mean_wave_period_of_third_swell_partition

mwp3

140129

x

10

Wave Spectral Skewness

dimensionless

wave_spectral_skewness

wss

140207

x

11

Free convective velocity over the oceans

m s**-1

free_convective_velocity_over_the_oceans

wstar

140208

x

12

Air density over the oceans

kg m**-3

air_density_over_the_oceans

rhoao

140209

x

13

Normalized energy flux into waves

dimensionless

normalized_energy_flux_into_waves

phiaw

140211

x

14

Normalized energy flux into ocean

dimensionless

normalized_energy_flux_into_ocean

phioc

140212

x

15

Normalized stress into ocean

dimensionless

normalized_stress_into_ocean

tauoc

140214

x

16

U-component stokes drift

m s**-1

u_component_stokes_drift

ust

140215

x

17

V-component stokes drift

m s**-1

v_component_stokes_drift

vst

140216

x

18

Period corresponding to maximum individual wave height

s

period_corresponding_to_maximum_individual_wave_height

tmax

140217

x

19

Maximum individual wave height

m

maximum_individual_wave_height

hmax

140218

x

20

Model bathymetry

m

model_bathymetry

wmb

140219

x

21

Mean wave period based on first moment

s

mean_wave_period_based_on_first_moment

mp1

140220

x

22

Mean zero-crossing wave period

s

mean_zero_crossing_wave_period

mp2

140221

x

23

Wave spectral directional width

dimensionless

wave_spectral_directional_width

wdw

140222

x

24

Mean wave period based on first moment for wind waves

s

mean_wave_period_based_on_first_moment_for_wind_waves

p1ww

140223

x

25

Mean wave period based on second moment for wind waves

s

mean_wave_period_based_on_second_moment_for_wind_waves

p2ww

140224

x

26

Wave spectral directional width for wind waves

dimensionless

wave_spectral_directional_width_for_wind_waves

dwww

140225

x

27

Mean wave period based on first moment for swell

s

mean_wave_period_based_on_first_moment_for_swell

p1ps

140226

x

28

Mean wave period based on second moment for swell

s

mean_wave_period_based_on_second_moment_for_wind_waves

p2ps

140227

x

29

Wave spectral directional width for swell

dimensionless

wave_spectral_directional_width_for_swell

dwps

140228

x

30

Significant height of combined wind waves and swell

m

significant_height_of_combined_wind_waves_and_swell

swh

140229

x

31

Mean wave direction

degrees

mean_wave_direction

mwd

140230

x

32

Peak wave period

s

peak_wave_period

pp1d

140231

x

33

Mean wave period

s

mean_wave_period

mwp

140232

x

34

Coefficient of drag with waves

dimensionless

coefficient_of_drag_with_waves

cdww

140233

x

35

Significant height of wind waves

m

significant_height_of_wind_waves

shww

140234

x

36

Mean direction of wind waves

degrees

mean_direction_of_wind_waves

mdww

140235

x

37

Mean period of wind waves

s

mean_period_of_wind_waves

mpww

140236

x

38

Significant height of total swell

m

significant_height_of_total_swell

shts

140237

x

39

Mean direction of total swell

degrees

mean_direction_of_total_swell

mdts

140238

x

40

Mean period of total swell

s

mean_period_of_total_swell

mpts

140239

x

41

Mean square slope of waves

dimensionless

mean_square_slope_of_waves

msqs

140244

x

42

Expand

title	10 metre wind speed

This 10m wind parameter is the wind speed that has been used by the wave model, which is coupled to the atmospheric model.

For this reason:

it is archived on the wave model's native grid, with the same land-sea mask as that model. Therefore, this parameter is not defined over land and wherever else the wave model is not defined, where it is encoded as missing data. Improper decoding of the missing value usually results in very large values being given for these land points.

the wave model resets all values below 2 m/s to 2m/s. The reason for this is that as the winds become weak, the long waves (swell) try to drive the wind from below but this is not modelled in the IFS, as it assumes that the wind profile should be logarithmic (+- stability correction). To account for this effect, the whole of the boundary layer scheme would need to be revised. A simple trick to avoid the problem is to boost the weak winds to 2m/s, which is outside the range where the waves can potentially drive the wind.

this parameter is actually the 10m neutral wind speed as determined from the atmospheric surface stress (see documentation on Ocean Wave model output parameters).
If wave altimeter data were assimilated, the analysis of this parameter also contains wind speed updates that come directly out of the wave height updates.

This parameter should not be used for looking at the quality of reanalysis surface wind - the u and v components of the 10m wind (atmospheric parameters 165 and 166) should be used instead.

m s**-1

ocean_surface_stress_equivalent_10m_neutral_wind_speed

wind

140245

x

43

10 metre wind direction

degrees

ocean_surface_stress_equivalent_10m_neutral_wind_direction

dwi

140249

x

44

Wave spectral kurtosis

dimensionless

wave_spectral_kurtosis

wsk

140252

x

45

Benjamin-Feir index

dimensionless

benjamin_feir_index

bfi

140253

x

46

Wave spectral peakedness

dimensionless

wave_spectral_peakedness

wsp

140254

x

47

Altimeter wave height

m

Not available from the CDS disks

awh

140246

x

48

Altimeter corrected wave height

m

Not available from the CDS disks

acwh

140247

x

49

Altimeter range relative correction

~

Not available from the CDS disks

arrc

140248

x

50

2D wave spectra (single)¹

m**2 s radian**-1

Not available from the CDS disks

2dfd

140251

x

¹for 30 frequencies and 24 directions

...

(stream=mnth/moda/edmm/edmo, levtype=sfc or wamo/wamd/ewmm/ewmo)

count	name	units	Variable name in CDS	shortName	paramId	an	fc
1	UV visible albedo for direct radiation	(0 - 1)	uv_visible_albedo_for_direct_radiation	aluvp	15	x	no mean
2	UV visible albedo for diffuse radiation	(0 - 1)	uv_visible_albedo_for_diffuse_radiation	aluvd	16	x	no mean
3	Near IR albedo for direct radiation	(0 - 1)	near_ir_albedo_for_direct_radiation	alnip	17	x	no mean
4	Near IR albedo for diffuse radiation	(0 - 1)	near_ir_albedo_for_diffuse_radiation	alnid	18	x	no mean
5	Magnitude of turbulent surface stress¹	N m**-2 s	magnitude of turbulent surface stress	magss	48		x
6	Mean magnitude of turbulent surface stress²	N m**-2	mean magnitude of turbulent surface stress	mmtss	235025		x
7	10 metre wind gust since previous post-processing	m s**-1	10m_wind_gust_since_previous_post_processing	10fg	49		no mean
8	Maximum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing	K	maximum_2m_temperature_since_previous_post_processing	mx2t	201		no mean
9	Minimum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing	K	minimum_2m_temperature_since_previous_post_processing	mn2t	202		no mean
10	10 metre wind speed³	m s**-1	10m wind speed	10si	207	x	x
11	Maximum total precipitation rate since previous post-processing	kg m-2 s-1	maximum_total_precipitation_rate_since_previous_post_processing	mxtpr	228226		no mean
12	Minimum total precipitation rate since previous post-processing	kg m-2 s-1	minimum_total_precipitation_rate_since_previous_post_processing	mntpr	228227		no mean
13	Altimeter wave height	m	Not available from the CDS disks	awh	140246	no mean
14	Altimeter corrected wave height	m	Not available from the CDS disks	acwh	140247	no mean
15	Altimeter range relative correction	~	Not available from the CDS disks	arrc	140248	no mean
16	2D wave spectra (single)	m2 s radian-1	Not available from the CDS disks	2dfd	140251	no mean

¹Accumulated parameter
²Mean rate/flux parameter
³Instantaneous parameter

...

(stream=oper/enda/mnth/moda/edmm/edmo, levtype=pl)
(The native grid is the reduced Gaussian grid N320 (N160 for the EDA) or T639 spherical harmonics (T319 for the EDA), as indicated)

count	name	units	variable name in CDS	shortName	paramId	native grid	an	fc
1	Potential vorticity	K m2 kg-1 s**-1	potential_vorticity	pv	60	N320 (N160)	x	x
2	Specific rain water content	kg kg**-1	specific_rain_water_content	crwc	75	N320 (N160)	x	x
3	Specific snow water content	kg kg**-1	specific_snow_water_content	cswc	76	N320 (N160)	x	x
4	Geopotential	m2 s-2	geopotential	z	129	T639 (T319)	x	x
5	Temperature	K	temperature	t	130	T639 (T319)	x	x
6	U component of wind	m s**-1	u_component_of_wind	u	131	T639 (T319)	x	x
7	V component of wind	m s**-1	v_component_of_wind	v	132	T639 (T319)	x	x
8	Specific humidity	kg kg**-1	specific_humidity	q	133	N320 (N160)	x	x
9	Vertical velocity	Pa s**-1	vertical_velocity	w	135	T639 (T319)	x	x
10	Vorticity (relative)	s**-1	vorticity	vo	138	T639 (T319)	x	x
11	Divergence	s**-1	divergence	d	155	T639 (T319)	x	x
12	Relative humidity	%	relative_humidity	r	157	T639 (T319)	x	x
13	Ozone mass mixing ratio	kg kg**-1	ozone_mass_mixing_ratio	o3	203	N320 (N160)	x	x
14	Specific cloud liquid water content	kg kg**-1	specific_cloud_liquid_water_content	clwc	246	N320 (N160)	x	x
15	Specific cloud ice water content	kg kg**-1	specific_cloud_ice_water_content	ciwc	247	N320 (N160)	x	x
16	Fraction of cloud cover	(0 - 1)	fraction_of_cloud_cover	cc	248	N320 (N160)	x	x

Anchor
Table10
Table10
Table 10: potential temperature level parameters: instantaneous

(not available from the CDS disks)
(stream=oper/enda/mnth/moda/edmm/edmo, levtype=pt)
(The native grid is the reduced Gaussian grid N320 (N160 for the EDA) or T639 spherical harmonics (T319 for the EDA), as indicated)

count	name	units	shortName	paramId	native grid	an
1	Montgomery potential	m2 s-2	mont	53	T639 (T319)	x
2	Pressure	Pa	pres	54	T639 (T319)	x
3	Potential vorticity	K m2 kg-1 s**-1	pv	60	N320 (N160)	x
4	U component of wind	m s**-1	u	131	T639 (T319)	x
5	V component of wind	m s**-1	v	132	T639 (T319)	x
6	Specific humidity	kg kg**-1	q	133	N320 (N160)	x
7	Vorticity (relative)	s**-1	vo	138	T639 (T319)	x
8	Divergence	s**-1	d	155	T639 (T319)	x
9	Ozone mass mixing ratio	kg kg**-1	o3	203	N320 (N160)	x

Anchor
Table11
Table11
Table 11: potential vorticity level parameters: instantaneous

(not available from the CDS disks)
(stream=oper/enda/mnth/moda/edmm/edmo, levtype=pv)
(The native grid is the reduced Gaussian grid N320 (N160 for the EDA) or T639 spherical harmonics (T319 for the EDA), as indicated)

count	name	units	shortName	paramId	native grid	an
1	Potential temperature	K	pt	3	T639 (T319)	x
2	Pressure	Pa	pres	54	T639 (T319)	x
3	Geopotential	m2 s-2	z	129	T639 (T319)	x
4	U component of wind	m s**-1	u	131	N320 (N160)	x
5	V component of wind	m s**-1	v	132	N320 (N160)	x
6	Specific humidity	kg kg**-1	q	133	N320 (N160)	x
7	Ozone mass mixing ratio	kg kg**-1	o3	203	N320 (N160)	x

Anchor
Table12
Table12
Table 12: model level parameters: instantaneous

(GRIB2 format)
(not available from the CDS disks)
(stream=oper/enda/mnth/moda/edmm/edmo, levtype=ml)
(The native grid is the reduced Gaussian grid N320 (N160 for the EDA) or T639 spherical harmonics (T319 for the EDA), as indicated)

count	name	units	shortName	paramId	native grid	an	fc
1	Specific rain water content	kg kg**-1	crwc	75	N320 (N160)	x	x
2	Specific snow water content	kg kg**-1	cswc	76	N320 (N160)	x	x
3	Eta-coordinate vertical velocity	s**-1	etadot	77	T639 (T319)	x	x
4	Geopotential¹	m2 s-2	z	129	T639 (T319)	x	x
5	Temperature	K	t	130	T639 (T319)	x	x
6	U component of wind	m s**-1	u	131	T639 (T319)	x	x
7	V component of wind	m s**-1	v	132	T639 (T319)	x	x
8	Specific humidity	kg kg**-1	q	133	N320 (N160)	x	x
9	Vertical velocity	Pa s**-1	w	135	T639 (T319)	x	x
10	Vorticity (relative)	s**-1	vo	138	T639 (T319)	x	x
11	Logarithm of surface pressure¹	~	lnsp	152	T639 (T319)	x	x
12	Divergence	s**-1	d	155	T639 (T319)	x	x
13	Ozone mass mixing ratio	kg kg**-1	o3	203	N320 (N160)	x	x
14	Specific cloud liquid water content	kg kg**-1	clwc	246	N320 (N160)	x	x
15	Specific cloud ice water content	kg kg**-1	ciwc	247	N320 (N160)	x	x
16	Fraction of cloud cover	(0 - 1)	cc	248	N320 (N160)	x	x

¹Only archived on level=1.

...

(GRIB2 format)
(not available from the CDS disks)
(stream=oper/enda/mnth/moda/edmm/edmo, levtype=ml)
(The native grid is the reduced Gaussian grid N320 (N160 for the EDA))

count	name	units	shortName	paramId	fc
1	Mean temperature tendency due to short-wave radiation	K s**-1	mttswr	235001	x
2	Mean temperature tendency due to long-wave radiation	K s**-1	mttlwr	235002	x
3	Mean temperature tendency due to short-wave radiation, clear sky	K s**-1	mttswrcs	235003	x
4	Mean temperature tendency due to long-wave radiation, clear sky	K s**-1	mttlwrcs	235004	x
5	Mean temperature tendency due to parametrisations	K s**-1	mttpm	235005	x
6	Mean specific humidity tendency due to parametrisations	kg kg-1 s-1	mqtpm	235006	x
7	Mean eastward wind tendency due to parametrisations	m s**-2	mutpm	235007	x
8	Mean northward wind tendency due to parametrisations	m s**-2	mvtpm	235008	x
9	Mean updraught mass flux¹	kg m-2 s-1	mumf	235009	x
10	Mean downdraught mass flux¹	kg m-2 s-1	mdmf	235010	x
11	Mean updraught detrainment rate	kg m-3 s-1	mudr	235011	x
12	Mean downdraught detrainment rate	kg m-3 s-1	mddr	235012	x
13	Mean total precipitation flux¹	kg m-2 s-1	mtpf	235013	x
14	Mean turbulent diffusion coefficient for heat¹	m2 s-1	mtdch	235014	x

¹These parameters provide data for the model half levels - the interfaces of the model layers.

...

Anchor
Table14
Table14
Table 14: Satellite Data

Sensor	Satellite	Satellite agency	Data provider+	Measurement (sensitivities exploited in ERA5 / variables analysed)
Satellite radiances (infrared and microwave)
AIRS	AQUA	NASA	NOAA	BT (T, humidity and ozone)
AMSR-2	GCOM-W1*	JAXA		BT (column water vapour, cloud liquid water, precipitation and ocean surface wind speed)
AMSRE	AQUA*	JAXA		BT (column water vapour, cloud liquid water, precipitation and ocean surface wind speed)
AMSUA	NOAA-15/16/17/18/19, AQUA, METOP-A/B	NOAA,ESA,EUMETSAT		BT (T)
AMSUB	NOAA-15/16/17	NOAA		BT (humidity)
ATMS	NPP	NOAA		BT (T and humidity)
CRIS	NPP	NOAA		BT (T, humidity and ozone)
HIRS	TIROS-N, NOAA-6 /7/8/9/11/14	NOAA		BT (T, humidity and ozone)
IASI	METOP-A/B	EUMETSAT/ESA	EUMETSAT	BT (T, humidity and ozone)
GMI	GPM	NASA/JAXA		BT (humidity, column water vapour, cloud liquid water, precipitation, ocean surface wind speed)
MHS	NOAA-18/19, METOP-A/B	NOAA, EUMETSAT/ESA		BT (humidity and precipitation)
MSU	TIROS-N, NOAA-6 to 12, NOAA-14			BT (T)
MWHS	FY-3-A/B	NRSCC		BT (humidity)
MWHS2	FY-3-C	CMA		BT (T, humidity and precipitation)
MWTS	FY-3A/B	NRSCC		BT (T)
MWTS2	FY-3C	CMA		BT (T)
SSM/I	DMSP-08/10/11/13/14/15	US Navy	NOAA,CMSAF*	BT (column water vapour, cloud liquid water, precipitation and ocean surface wind speed)
SSMIS	DMSP-16/17/18	US Navy	NOAA	BT (T, humidity, column water vapour, cloud liquid water, precipitation and ocean surface wind speed)
SSU	TIROS-N, NOAA-6/7/8/9/11/14	NOAA		BT (T)
TMI	TRMM	NASA/JAXA		BT (column water vapour, cloud liquid water, precipitation, ocean surface wind speed)
MVIRI	METEOSAT 5/7	EUMETSAT/ESA	EUMETSAT	BT (water vapour, surface/cloud top T)
SEVIRI	METEOSAT-8/9/10	EUMETSAT/ESA	EUMETSAT	BT (water vapour, surface/cloud top T)
GOES IMAGER	GOES-8/9/10/11/12/13/15	NOAA	CIMMS,NESDIS	BT (water vapour, surface/cloud top T)
MTSAT IMAGER	MTSAT-1R/MTSAT-2	JMA		BT (water vapour, surface/cloud top T)
AHI	Himawari-8	JMA		BT (water vapour, surface/cloud top T)
Satellite retrievals from radiance data
MVIRI	METEOSAT-2/3/4/5/7*	EUMETSAT/ESA	EUMETSAT	wind vector
SEVIRI	METEOSAT-8/9/10	EUMETSAT/ESA	EUMETSAT	wind vector
GOES IMAGER	GOES-4-6/8/9/10/11/12/13/15*	NOAA	CIMMS*,NESDIS	wind vector
GMS IMAGER	GMS-1/2/3/4/5	JMA		wind vector
MTSAT IMAGER	MTSAT-1R*/MTSAT2	JMA		wind vector
AHI	Himawari-8	JMA	JMA	wind vector
AVHRR	NOAA-7 /9/10/11/12/14 to 18, METOP-A	NOAA	CIMMS,EUMETSAT	wind vector
MODIS	AQUA/TERRA	NASA	NESDIS,CIMMS	wind vector
GOME	ERS-2*	ESA		Ozone
GOME-2	METOP*-A/B	ESA/EUMETSAT		Ozone
MIPAS	ENVISAT*	ESA		Ozone
MLS	EOS-AURA*	NASA		Ozone
OMI	EOS-AURA*	NASA		Ozone
SBUV,SBUV-2	NIMBUS-7,NOAA9/11/14/16/17/18/19	NOAA	NASA	Ozone
SCIAMACHY	ENVISAT*	ESA		Ozone
TOMS	NIMBUS-7,METEOR-3-5,ADEOS-1,EARTH PROBE	NASA		Ozone
Satellite GPS-Radio Occultation data
BlackJack	CHAMP,GRACE-A/B,SAC-C	DLR,NASA/DLR,NASA/COMAE	GFZ,UCAR*	Bending angle
GRAS	METOP-A/B	EUMETSAT/ESA	EUMETSAT	Bending angle
IGOR	TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X, COSMIC-1 to 6	NSPO/NOAA	GFZ,UCAR*	Bending angle
Satellite scatterometer data
AMI	ERS-1,ERS-2	ESA		Backscatter sigma0, soil moisture
ASCAT	METOP-A/B*	EUMETSAT/ESA	EUMETSAT/TU Wien	Backscatter sigma0, soil moisture
OSCAT	OCEANSAT-2	ISRO	KNMI	Backscatter sigma0, vector wind
SEAWINDS	QUIKSCAT	NASA	NASA	Backscatter sigma0
Satellite Altimeter data
RA	ERS-1/2	ESA		Wave Height
RA-2	ENVISAT*	ESA		Wave Height
Poseidon-2	JASON-1*	CNES/NASA	CNES	Wave Height
Poseidon-3	JASON-2	CNES/NOAA/NASA/EUMETSAT	NOAA/EUMETSAT	Wave Height
SIRAL	CRYOSAT-2	ESA		Wave Height
AltiKa	SARAL	CNES/ISRO	EUMETSAT	Wave Height

* reprocessed dataset
+ when different than the satellite agency

Anchor
Table15
Table15
Table 15: In-situ data, provided by WMO WIS

Dataset name	Observation type	Measurement
SYNOP	Land station	Surface Pressure, Temperature, humidity
METAR	Land station	Surface Pressure, Temperature, humidity
DRIBU/DRIBU-BATHY/DRIBU-TESAC/BUFR Drifting Buoy	Drifting buoys	10m-wind, Surface Pressure
BUFR Moored Buoy	Moored buoys	10m-wind, Surface Pressure
SHIP	ship station	Surface Pressure, Temperature, wind, humidity
Land/ship PILOT	Radiosondes	wind profiles
American Wind Profiler	Radar	wind profiles
European Wind Profiler	Radar	wind profiles
Japanese Wind Profiler	Radar	wind profiles
TEMP SHIP	Radiosondes	Temperature, wind, humidity profiles
DROP Sonde	Radiosondes	Temperature, wind, humidity profiles
Land/Mobile TEMP	Radiosondes	Temperature, wind, humidity profiles
AIREP	Aircraft data	Temperature, wind
AMDAR	Aircraft data	Temperature, wind
ACARS	Aircraft data	Temperature, wind, humidity
WIGOS AMDAR	Aircraft data	Temperature, wind, humidity
TAMDAR	Aircraft data	Temperature, wind
ADS-C	Aircraft data	Temperature, wind
Mode-S	Aircraft data	Wind
Ground based radar	Radar precipitation composites	Rain rates

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Table16
Table16
Table 16: Snow data

Dataset name	Observation type	Measurement
SYNOP	Land station	Snow depth
Additional national reports	Land station	Snow depth
NOAA/NESDIS IMS	Merged satellite	Snow cover (NH only)

Guidelines

The following advice is intended to help users understand particular features of the ERA5 data:

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All users of data on the Climate Data Store (CDS) disks (using either the web interface or the CDS API) must provide clear and visible attribution to the Copernicus programme and are asked to cite and reference the dataset provider:

Step 1: Acknowledge according to the licence to use Copernicus Products.

Step 2: Provide clear and visible attribution to the Copernicus program using the CDS web catalogue entry citation (see link to "Citation" under References on the Overview page of the dataset entry and use the citation under "Citing the web catalogue entry").

Step 3: Cite each dataset used as indicated on the relevant CDS entries (see link to "Citation" under References on the Overview page of the dataset entry and use the citation under "Citing the data").

Throughout the content of your publication, the dataset used is referred to as Author (YYYY)

The 3-steps procedure above is illustrated with this example: Use Case 2: ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present

For complete details, please refer to How to acknowledge and cite a Climate Data Store (CDS) catalogue entry and the data published as part of it.

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Table 6: surface and single level parameters: vertical integrals and total column: instantaneous

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Table7
Table7
Table 7: wave parameters: instantaneous

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Table10
Table10
Table 10: potential temperature level parameters: instantaneous

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Table11
Table11
Table 11: potential vorticity level parameters: instantaneous

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Table12
Table12
Table 12: model level parameters: instantaneous

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Table14
Table14
Table 14: Satellite Data

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Table15
Table15
Table 15: In-situ data, provided by WMO WIS

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Table 16: Snow data

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AnchorTable6Table6Table 6: surface and single level parameters: vertical integrals and total column: instantaneous

AnchorTable7Table7Table 7: wave parameters: instantaneous

AnchorTable10Table10Table 10: potential temperature level parameters: instantaneous

AnchorTable11Table11Table 11: potential vorticity level parameters: instantaneous

AnchorTable12Table12Table 12: model level parameters: instantaneous

AnchorTable14Table14Table 14: Satellite Data

AnchorTable15Table15Table 15: In-situ data, provided by WMO WIS

AnchorTable16Table16Table 16: Snow data

Guidelines

Anchor
Table6
Table6
Table 6: surface and single level parameters: vertical integrals and total column: instantaneous

Anchor
Table7
Table7
Table 7: wave parameters: instantaneous

Anchor
Table10
Table10
Table 10: potential temperature level parameters: instantaneous

Anchor
Table11
Table11
Table 11: potential vorticity level parameters: instantaneous

Anchor
Table12
Table12
Table 12: model level parameters: instantaneous

Anchor
Table14
Table14
Table 14: Satellite Data

Anchor
Table15
Table15
Table 15: In-situ data, provided by WMO WIS

Anchor
Table16
Table16
Table 16: Snow data