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Contributors: F F. Isotta (Meteoswiss), C. Frei (Meteoswiss), B. Chimani (ZAMG/GeoSphere Austria), J. Hiebl (ZAMG)
Issued by: MeteoSwiss and ZAMG/ GeoSphere Austria / F. Isotta, C. Frei, B. Chimani and J. Hiebl
Issued Date: 15/12/2021
Ref: C3S C3S_311_lot3M311a_Lot4.2.3.6_v1
Official refence number service contract: 2021 2017/C3S_311311a_lot3Lot4_KNMI/SC1
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Version | Date | Description of modification | Chapters / Sections |
1.0 | 2019-05-01 | First version | Whole document |
1.1 | 2023-04-18 | adapted first version | 'Contributors' and 'Issued by' information |
List of versions covered by this document
Version | Release date | Period covered | Comments/modifications |
LAPrec1871.v1.0 | 2019-05-01 | From 1871-01-01 to 2017-12-31 | First release. Provisional period: 2012-2017. |
LAPrec1871.v1.1 | 2021-02-10 | From 1871-01-01 to 2019-12-31 | Update. Provisional period: 2014-2019. |
LAPrec1871.v1.2 LAPrec1901.v1.2 | 2023-03-23 2023-03-23 | From 1871-01-01 to 2020-12-31 | Update. Provisional period: 2015-2020. |
Acronyms
Version |
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APGD | Alpine precipitation grid dataset |
ARSO | Agencija Republike Slovenije Okolje |
EPSG | European Petroleum Survey Group Geodesy |
ETRS89 / ETRS-LAEA | European Terrestrial Reference System 1989-Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area |
DHMZ | Državni hidrometeorološki zavod |
DWD | Deutscher WetterDienst |
FHMZ | Federalni hidrometeorološki zavod |
HISTALP | Historical Instrumental Climatological Surface Time Series Of The Greater Alpine Region |
LAPrec | Long-term Alpine Precipitation Reconstruction |
MAE | Mean Absolute Error |
MSESS | Mean-Squared Error Skill Score |
OMSZ | Országos Meteorológiai Szolgálat |
PCA | Principal Component Analysis |
PRISM | Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model |
RSOI | Reduced Space Optimal Interpolation |
UERRA | Uncertainties in Ensembles of Regional ReAnalyses |
ZAMG | Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik, with January 2023 the insititute was renamed to GeoSphere Austria |
Introduction
Spatial climate analyses that extend back over many decades are an important basis for monitoring climate variations and long-term change (e.g. van der Schrier et al., 2013). They also serve as input for modelling environmental systems (e.g. ecosystems and glaciers, Kittel et al., 2004), and for calibrating climate reconstructions with proxy data (tree rings, Frank & Esper, 2005).
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The present report describes the two data sources integrated into LAPrec (section 1), and it outlines the reconstruction methodology (section 2). The technicalities of production and data access are explained in section 3, and a selection of reconstruction results and analyses are presented in section 4. Section 5 discusses the limitations of the dataset and guides users in the professional application. The report closes with final remarks (section 6).
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Parameter | monthly precipitation sum (mm) |
Domain | Alpine region (approx. 43–49°N, 4–17°E, land area only) |
Time period | two versions: starting 1871 and 1901, respectively |
Time resolution | monthly |
Coordinate system | ETRS89 / ETRS-LAEA (EPSG 3035) |
Grid spacing | 5 km |
Input Data | HISTALP (Auer et al. 2007), APGD (Isotta et al. 2014) |
Method | RSOI (Kaplan et al. 1997; Schiemann et al. 2010) |
Data
The construction of LAPrec builds on two data components, namely a dataset of high-quality long-term station series that contributes information on long-term variations, and a dataset of high-resolution grid data that enhances information on spatial variability. The two data components are described in the following.
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FHMZ (http://www.fhmzbih.gov.ba/latinica/index.php
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ZAMG (www.zamg.ac.at), GeoSphere Austria (https://www.geosphere.at/)
Meteo Swiss (www.meteoswiss.admin.ch)
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Copernicus Climate Change Service
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This document has been produced in the context of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). The activities leading to these results have been contracted by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, operator of C3S on behalf of the European Union (Delegation Agreement agreement signed on 11/11/2014 and Contribution Agreement signed on 22/07/2021). All information in this document is provided "as is" and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose. The users thereof use the information at their sole risk and liability. For the avoidance of all doubt , the European Commission and the European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts have no liability in respect of this document, which is merely representing the author's view. |
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