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Contributors: A. Velazquez Blazquez (Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMIB)), N.Clerbaux (RMIB), E. Baudrez (RMIB)
Issued by: RMIB/Nicolas Clerbaux
Date: 1824/1211/20202023
Ref: C3SC3S2_D312bD312a_Lot1.32.82.36-v2v1.10_202010202303_PUGS_ECVEarthRadiationBudget_v1.01
Official reference number service contract: 20182021/C3SC3S2_312b312a_Lot1_DWD/SC1
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History of modifications
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List of datasets covered by this document
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Acronyms
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Acronym
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Definition
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ACRIM
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Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor
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ATBD
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Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document
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AU
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Astronomical Unit
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C3S
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Copernicus Climate Change Service
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CDR
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Climate Data Record
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CDS
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Climate Data Store
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CET
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Central European Time
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CUS
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Copernicus User Support
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DIARAD
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DIfferential Absolute RADiometer
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DWD
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Deutscher Wetterdienst
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ECMWF
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European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
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ECV
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Essential Climate Variable
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ERB
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Earth Radiation Budget
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ERBE
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Earth Radiation Budget Experiment
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ERBS
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Earth Radiation Budget Satellite
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EURECA
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European Retrievable Carrier
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FAQ
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Frequently Asked Question
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FTP
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File Transfer Protocol
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GERB
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Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget
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HTTP
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HyperText Transfer Protocol
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ICDR
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Interim Climate Data Record
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KPI
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Key Performance Indicator
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PMO
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Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium
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PQAR
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Product Quality Assurance Report
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PREMOS
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Precision Monitor Sensor
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RMIB
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Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium
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SARR
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Space Absolute Radiometric Reference
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SIM
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Solar Irradiance Monitor
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SMM
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Solar Maximum Mission
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SOHO
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Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
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SOLCON
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Solar Constant
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SORCE
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Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment
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SOVA
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Solar Variability
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SOVIM
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Solar Variability Irradiance Monitor
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TCDR
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Thematic Climate Data Record
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TCTE
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Total Solar Irradiance Calibration Transfer Experiment
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TIM
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Total Irradiance Monitor
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TOA
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Top Of Atmosphere
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TSI
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Total Solar Irradiance
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TSIS
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Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor
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UTC
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Coordinated Universal Time
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VIRGO
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Variability of solar IRradiance and Gravity Oscillations
Scope of the document
This document is the Product User Guide and Specifications (PUGS) for the second version (v2.x) of the Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) timeseries which is generated and published as part of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). It provides the minimum information a user should get for an appropriate use of the TSI data available through the C3S Climate Data Store (CDS).
Executive summary
The Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) quantifies the amount of solar energy that is received by the Earth.
It is defined as the amount of solar power that reaches the Earth per unit surface perpendicular to the Sun–Earth direction at the mean Sun–Earth distance. The TSI is a fundamental variable governing the climate system, and is recognized as ECV by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS).
Within the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), a long composite Climate Data Record (CDR) is constructed from different TSI measurements obtained by an ensemble of space instruments. In order to create the composite, the measurements of the individual instruments are first put on a common absolute scale, and their quality is assessed by intercomparison. Then, the composite time series is the average of all available measurements, on a daily basis.
1. Composite daily Total Solar Irradiance CDR
1.1 Product description
The Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) quantifies the amount of solar energy that is received by the Earth.
TSI is defined as the amount of solar power that reaches the Earth’s top of the atmosphere per unit surface area perpendicular to the Sun–Earth direction at the mean Sun–Earth distance.
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Acronyms
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List of tables
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Table 1-1: General characteristics of the C3S v3.x daily TSI CDR. Table 1-2: Total Solar Irradiance space instruments (the acronyms are defined in footnote). The instruments used in the C3S v3.x composite are indicated in bold while the 5 instruments used to define the absolute level are marked with (*). Table 1-3: Target requirements for the C3S v3.x daily TSI CDR. Table 1-4: Data format per column of the C3S v3.x daily TSI CDR. Table 1-5: Instrument flag code. |
List of figures
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Figure 1-1: Illustration of the C3S daily TSI CDR (v3.0) and ICDR period (1/1/2021 onward), in grey. The 121-days running mean is also shown (orange curve). Figure 1-2: Beginning of the C3S TSI data file. |
General definitions
Term | Definition |
Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) | The Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) quantifies the total amount of solar energy that is received by the Earth. It is defined per unit surface perpendicular to the Sun–Earth direction at the mean Sun–Earth distance. The TSI is a fundamental variable governing the climate system, and is recognized as Essential Climate Variable (ECV) by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). |
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Climate Data |
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Store ( |
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The first Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) measurement from space was made with the Temperature Control Flux Monitor (TCFM) on Mariner 6 and 7 by Plamondon (1969). Continuous measurement of the TSI started with the Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) instrument on Nimbus 7 by Hickey et al. (1980). Continuous monitoring with an ageing corrected TSI instrument started with the Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor (ACRIM) 1 instrument on the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) by Willson et al. (1980). A summary of TSI space instruments is given in Table 1 (reproduced from ATBD [D3]).
The main processing consists in the generation of the TSI daily composite timeseries from the individual instruments timeseries by scaling the individual series to a common absolute level as described in the ATBD [D3] and also in the 2 journal papers [D1] and [D2]. The quality of the resulting datasets is assessed by intercomparison.
For the ICDR, a regular download of new TSI data is performed for the “active” instruments before launching the TSI composite processing. Currently the “active” instruments are: DIARAD/VIRGO, PMO6/VIRGO, TIM/SORCE, TIM/TCTE and TIM/TSIS. This list is likely to change in the future due to the old age of DIARAD/VIRGO and TIM/SORCE and also to incorporate new TSI measurements from Chinese instruments.
The general characteristics of this Climate Data Record (CDR) are:
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C3S daily TSI timeseries
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Spatial resolution
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NA
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Grid
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NA
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Temporal resolution
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Daily mean value
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Time period
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TCDR : 1st January 1979 to 31 Dec. 2018
ICDR : 1st January 1979 to present
(~ 30 days latency)
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Format
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ASCII
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Reference level for the fluxes
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Irradiance at 1 Astronomical Unit (AU)
+ Irradiance at actual Earth-Sun distance
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Instrument3
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Platform(s)
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Used
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Operation period(s)
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References
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TCFM
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Mariner-6 & 7
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No
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1969
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Plamondon (1969)
ERB
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Nimbus 6
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No
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1975
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Hickey et al (1976)
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Nimbus 7
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Yes
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1978
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Hickey et al (1980)
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ACRIM 1
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SMM
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Yes
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1980-1989
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Willson et al. (1980)
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Solcon 1
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Spacelab 1
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No
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1983
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Crommelynck et al (1987)
ERBE
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ERBS
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Yes
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1984-2003
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ERBE(1986)
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NOAA-9
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Yes
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1985-1989
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ERBE(1986)
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ACRIM 2
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UARS
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Yes
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1991-2001
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Willson et al. (1994)
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Solcon 2
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Atlas 1
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No
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1992
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Crommelynck et al (1994)
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Sova 1
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Eureca
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No
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1992-1993
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Crommelynck et al (1994)
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Sova 2
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Eureca
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No
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1992-1993
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Romero et al. (1994)
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ISP-2
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Meteor-3 7
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No
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1994
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Sklyarov et al. (1996)
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DIARAD/VIRGO
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SOHO
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Yes
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1996-present
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Dewitte et al. (2004)
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PMO06V-A/VIRGO
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SOHO
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Yes
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1996-present
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Froehlich et al. (1997)
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ACRIM 3
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ACRIMSAT
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Yes
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2000-2014
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Willson et al. (2003)
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TIM
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SORCE
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Yes
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2003-present
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Kopp et al. (2005)
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DIARAD/SOVIM
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ISS
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Yes
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2008
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Mekaoui et al. (2010)
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SIM
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FY 3A
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No
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2008-2015
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Fang et al. (2014)
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SOVA
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Picard
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Yes
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2010-2014
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Dewitte et al. (2012)
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Premos
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Picard
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Yes
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2010-2014
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Schmutz et al. (2012)
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SIM
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FY 3B
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No
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2011-present
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Fang et al. (2014)
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TIM
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TCTE
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Yes
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2013-present
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Kopp et al. (2016)
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SIM
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FY 3C
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No
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2013-present
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Wang et al. (2017)
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TIM
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TSIS-1
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Yes
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2018- present
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CDS) | The front-end and delivery mechanism for data made available through C3S |
Earth Radiation Budget | The difference between the incoming radiant energy to the Earth (directly dependent on the TSI) and the outgoing radiant energy due to reflection and thermal emission. |
Climate Data Record (CDR) | Sufficiently long, accurate and stable time series of a climate variable to be useful to address climate variability and change. |
Interim Climate Data Record | An interim CDRs is an extension of a CDR that meets some timeliness requirements needed in some applications (e.g. “State of the Climate” reports). These preliminary data might not be fully validated and may need to be reprocessed before inclusion in the CDR. |
Astronomical unit | Unit of length equal to the mean distance between the center of the Earth and the center of the Sun. |
Irradiance | Flux of radiant energy per unit area (usually expressed in W/m² unit). |
Scope of the document
This document is the Product User Guide and Specifications (PUGS) for the third version (v3.0) of the daily Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) timeseries which is generated and published as part of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), and subsequent ICDR extensions of the product time series (v3.x). It provides the minimum information a user should need for an appropriate use of the TSI data available through the C3S Climate Data Store (CDS).
Executive summary
The Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) quantifies the amount of solar energy that is received by the Earth. It is defined as the amount of solar power that reaches the Earth per unit surface perpendicular to the Sun–Earth direction at the mean Sun–Earth distance. The TSI is a fundamental variable governing the climate system, and is recognized as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS).
Within the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), a long composite Climate Data Record (CDR) is constructed from different TSI measurements obtained by an ensemble of space instruments that have observed the Sun since the 1970’s. In the v3 version, the composite starts on 1/1/1979 and provides daily value of the TSI. To create the composite, the measurements of the individual instruments are first put on a common absolute scale, and their quality is assessed by intercomparison. Then, the composite time series is an average of all available measurements, on a daily basis.
Section 1 presents a description of the product, with the list of the instruments used in the generation of the datasets. In addition, there's all the information related to the format and requirements of the product, with an example of a dataset. Section 2 presents all the information related to the access of the data and the data sources.
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1.1 Product description
The Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) quantifies the amount of solar energy that is received by the Earth. The TSI is defined as the amount of solar power that reaches the Earth’s top of the atmosphere per unit surface area perpendicular to the Sun–Earth direction at the mean Sun–Earth distance. It is a fundamental variable governing the climate system, and is recognized as an ECV by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). Within the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), a composite Climate Data Record (CDR) is constructed from measurements of the TSI assessed by an ensemble of space instruments.
The first Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) measurements from space were made with the Temperature Control Flux Monitor (TCFM) on Mariner 6 and 7 (Plamondon, 1969). Following this, continuous measurement of the TSI started with the Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) instrument on Nimbus 7 (Hickey et al., 1980). Then continuous monitoring with an ageing corrected TSI instrument started with the Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor (ACRIM1) instrument on the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) (Willson et al., 1980). Since these early missions, TSI measurements have been continued with several space instruments listed in Table 1-2 (reproduced from ATBD [D1]).
The daily TSI composite is constructed by scaling the individual series to a common absolute level as described in the ATBD [D1]. An important part is the definition of this reference level. In the version v3.0 (and the following ICDR releases v3.1, v3.2, etc), the scaling level is defined by normalizing a set of reference instruments, in such a way that their average scale factor is equal to 1. These reference instruments are indicated with a (*) in Table 1-2.
For the ICDR, a regular download of new TSI data is performed for the active instruments before launching the ICDR processing. Currently these active instruments are: DIARAD/VIRGO, PMO6/VIRGO and TIM/TSIS. This list is likely to change in the future due to probable discontinuation of the SOHO satellite (with DIARAD and PMO06 instruments onboard) and also the incorporation of new instruments like DARA and CLARA.
The general characteristics of this Climate Data Record (CDR) are summarized in Table 1-1.
Table 1-1: General characteristics of the C3S v3.x daily TSI CDR.Anchor table1_1 table1_1
C3S daily TSI timeseries | |
Spatial resolution | NA |
Grid | NA |
Temporal resolution | Daily mean |
Time period | CDR : 1st Jan. 1979 to 31st Dec. 2020 ICDR : 1st Jan. 2021 to present (~ 10 days latency) |
Format | ASCII |
Reference level for the fluxes | Irradiance at 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) + Irradiance at actual Earth-Sun distance |
Table 1-2: Total Solar Irradiance space instruments (the acronyms are defined in footnote). The instruments used in the C3S v3.x composite are indicated in bold while the 5 instruments used to define the absolute level are marked with (*). Anchor table1_2 table1_2
Instrument1 | Platform(s) | Used | Operation period(s) | References |
TCFM | Mariner-6 & 7 | No | 1969 | |
ERB | Nimbus 6 | No | 1975 | |
Nimbus 7 | Yes | 1978 - 1993 | ||
ACRIM 1 | SMM | Yes | 1980 - 1989 | |
Solcon 1 | Spacelab 1 | No | 1983 | |
ERBE | ERBS | Yes | 1984 - 2003 | |
NOAA-9 | Yes | 1985 - 1989 | ||
ACRIM 2 | UARS | Yes | 1991 - 2001 | |
Solcon 2 | Atlas 1 | No | 1992 | |
Sova 1 | Eureca | No | 1992 - 1993 | |
Sova 2 | Eureca | No | 1992 - 1993 | |
ISP-2 | Meteor-3 7 | No | 1994 | |
DIARAD/VIRGO | SOHO | Yes | 1996 - present | |
PMO06V-A/VIRGO (*) | SOHO | Yes | 1996 - present | |
ACRIM 3 | ACRIMSAT | Yes | 2000 - 2014 | |
TIM (*) | SORCE | Yes | 2003 - 2020 | |
DIARAD/SOVIM | ISS | No | 2008 | |
SIM | FY 3A | No | 2008 - 2015 | |
SOVA | Picard | Yes | 2010 - 2014 | |
PREMOS (*) | Picard | Yes | 2010 - 2014 | |
SIM | FY 3B | No | 2011 - present | |
TIM (*) | TCTE | Yes | 2013 - present | |
SIM | FY 3C | No | 2013 - present | |
TIM (*) | TSIS-1 | Yes | 2018 - present | |
CLARA | NorSat | No | 2018 - present | |
DARA | PROBA-3 | No | To be launched |
| Info | ||
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1 TCFM: Temperature Control Flux Monitor; ERB: Earth Radiation Budget; ACRIM: Active Cavity Radiomer Irradiance Monitor; SMM: Solar Maximum Mission; SOLCON: Solar Constant; ERBE: Earth Radiation Budget Experiment; ERBS: Earth Radiation Budget Satellite; NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; UARS: Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite; ATLAS: Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science; SOVA: Solar Variability; EURECA: European Retrievable Carrier; ISP: Solar Constant Gauge; DIARAD: Differential Absolute Radiometer; VIRGO: Variability of Irradiance and Gravity Oscillations; SOHO: Solar and Heliospheric Observatory; PMO: Physikalisches und Meteorologisches Observatorium; TIM: Total Irradiance Monitoring; SORCE: Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment; SOVIM: Solar Variability Irradiance Monitor; SIM: Solar Irradiance Monitor; FY: Feng Yung; PREMOS: Precision Monitor Sensor; TCTE: Total Solar Irradiance Calibration Transfer Experiment. |
Figure 1 illustrates the TSI daily timeseries. The daily values are shown in grey while the red curve shows the 121-days running mean. The CDR (indicated as TCDR on the graph) starts during the solar cycle 21 and stops just before the increase of solar activity during cycle 25. The ICDR (interim) period is shown.
Figure 1-1: Illustration of the C3S daily TSI CDR (v3.0) and ICDR period (1/1/2021 onward), in grey. The 121-days running mean is also shown (orange curve).Anchor figure1_1 figure1_1
1.2 Target requirements
The target requirements for the TSI daily records are discussed in the Target Requirements and Gap Analysis Document (TRGAD)[D5] and are summarized in Table 1-3. The stability requirement is slightly relaxed for the ICDR version. These requirements are verified in the Product Quality Assurance Report (PQAR, [D5]).
Table 1-3: Target requirements for the C3S v3.x daily TSI CDR.Anchor table1_3 table1_3
Target requirements | |
Spatial resolution | NA |
Temporal coverage | 1st January 1979 - present |
Accuracy | TCDR : < 1 W/m² |
Stability | TCDR : < 0.3 W/m²/decade |
1.3 Data Format
The data comes as a simple ASCII text file that can be opened with many tools such as text editors (e.g. vi, gedit, notepad, etc.), spreadsheets (e.g. excel), and graphical tools (e.g. gnuplot). It contains a header followed by the actual data. The header provides information about the CDR such as the version, type (CDR or ICDR), creation date and time, license, documentation, input time series (instruments) that have been used, and scaling factors. Any user of the data should have a careful look at the header. The data part is organized per line, with 1 line per day, with 23 columns with the content specified in Table 1-4.
Table 1-4: Data format per column of the C3S v3.x daily TSI CDR.Anchor table1_4 table1_4
col | Column content |
| 1 | Date expressed as fractional year (e.g. 1987.0 is 1st Jan 1987 at 00:00 UTC). This field is useful for visualization. |
| 2 | Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) value in W/m² at 1 Astronomical Unit (AU). This value is the daily mean. |
| 3 | Date expressed as Julian Day number (integer number). |
| 4 | Date expressed as a character string YYYYMMDD (YYYY=year, MM=month, DD=day) |
| 5 | Number of individual TSI values combined in the composite TSI for this day. |
| 6 | Estimated TSI uncertainty in W/m². |
| 7 | Earth-Sun distance in Astronomical Unit (AU) for this date at 12:00 UTC. |
| 8 | TSI value at the actual Earth-Sun distance, in W/m². |
| 9 | Flags for the instruments/models used in the composite. |
| 10 | Original TSI values for instrument ERB/NIMBUS7 |
11 | Original TSI values for instrument ACRIM1 |
| 12 | Original TSI values for instrument ERBS |
| 13 | Original TSI values for instrument ACRIM2 |
| 14 | Original TSI values for instrument DIARAD/VIRGO |
| 15 | Original TSI values for instrument PMO06/VIRGO |
| 16 | Original TSI values for instrument ACRIM3 |
| 17 | Original TSI values for instrument TIM/SORCE |
| 18 | Original TSI values for instrument PREMOS |
| 19 | Original TSI values for instrument SOVAP |
| 20 | Original TSI values for instrument TIM/TCTE |
| 21 | Original TSI values for instrument TIM/TSIS1 |
| 22 | Original TSI values for model SATIRE |
| 23 | Original TSI values for model NRLTSI2 |
The 9th column provides a character string composed of 14 digits, one for each instrument/model used in the composite. The order of these digits follows the order in the table. The meaning of each digit is presented in table 1-5. As an example, the character string “02030000000011” means that only instruments 2 and 4 are used for the daily mean for this particular day.
Table 1-5: Instrument flag code.Anchor table1_5 table1_5
Instrument flag code | |
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| 0 | No data available for this day. The value in the instrument column is “NaN”. |
| 1 | Data available for this day, but not used in the composite. The non-used value is in the instrument column. |
| 2 | Data available for this day and used in the composite. The non-used value is in the instrument column. |
| 3 | Data are not available for this day but interpolation is done. The interpolated value is given in the instrument’s column. |
| 4 | Data rejected for this day (e.g. outlier), interpolation is done. The original value is given in the instrument’s column. |
The following figure 1-2 shows the beginning of the C3S TSI data file. The two last columns provide the TSI value from the SATIRE-S (Ball et al., 2014) and the NRL TSI v2 semi-empirical models. These models are not used in the CDR, except SATIRE-S at the very beginning of the record (between 1st January 1979 and 6 November 1980).
Figure 1-2: Beginning of the C3S TSI data file.Anchor figure1_2 figure1_2
The users are invited to read the ATBD [D1], the PQAD [D2], the PQAR [D3], the SQAD [D4] and the TRGAD [D5
Figure 1 provides an illustration of the TSI daily timeseries.
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Figure 1: illustration of the C3S TSI timeseries (ICDR v2.1) (W/m²). The 121 days running mean is also shown (orange curve).
1.2 Target requirements
The target requirements for the TSI daily records are provided in the following table. The stability requirement is slightly relaxed for the ICDR version. These requirements are verified in the Product Quality Assurance Report (PQAR, [D5]).
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Target requirements
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Spatial resolution
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NA
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Temporal coverage
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1st January 1979 - present
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Accuracy
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TCDR : < 1 W/m²
ICDR : < 1 W/m²
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Stability
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TCDR : < 0.3 W/m²/decade
ICDR : < 0.5 W/m²/decade
1.3 Data usage information
The following page shows the beginning of the C3S TSI data file. The header part fully described the content of the file. Note that the content of the different columns may change in time due to the addition of new TSI instruments in the composite. Also, note that the last column provides the TSI value from the SATIRE-S (Ball et al., 2014) semi-empirical model. This model is only used at the very beginning of the record in the calculation of the TSI composite value (between 1st January 1979 and 15 February 1980).
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Example of C3S TSI daily composite data file showing the header and the first lines of data.
# C3S daily Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) timeseries
#
# The TSI is the total amount of solar radiation, i.e. integrated over the all wavelength, at the mean
# Earth-Sun distance (1 AU). Given its direct impact on the Earth Radiation Budget (ERB), it is one of
# the Essential Climate Variables (ECV) defined by the GCOS.
#
# This C3S timeseries provides an estimate of the daily TSI computed as a composite of different
# space instruments (see list after).
#
# CDR type : ICDR
# CDR version : v2.2
#
# CDR provider : Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium
# Contract : C3S_312b_lot1
#
# Temporal resolution : daily
# Covered period start (YYYYMMDD) : 19790101
# Covered period end (YYYYMMDD) : 20201031
#
# Creation date and time (YYYYMMDD_hhmmss) : 20201120_040033
# Software version : v2.1
#
# Instruments and adjustment factors:
# 0 : "ERB" 0.993204
# 1 : "ACRIM1" 0.996232
# 2 : "ERBS (with temporal interpolation)" 0.997864
# 3 : "ACRIM2" 0.998587
# 4 : "DIARAD/VIRGO on SOHO" 0.997241
# 5 : "PMO06/VIRGO on SOHO" 0.997609
# 6 : "ACRIM3" 1.000938
# 7 : "TIM on SORCE (aging corrected, ATBD)" 1.001216
# 8 : "PREMOS" 1.001085
# 9 : "Sovap" 1.000518
# 10 : "TIM on TCTE" 1.000633
# 11 : "TIM on TSIS1" 1.000450
# 12 : "SATIRE (semi-empirical model)" 1.000736
#
#
# Note that SATIRE (last column) is only used before 16 Feb. 1980 and to fill gaps of less than 50 days in the individual timeseries (see ATBD) .
#
# Data format :
# col 1 : Nominal date expressed as fractional year (e.g. 1987.0 is 1 Jan 1987 at 00:00 UTC). This
# field is useful for visualization but should not be used for data selection.
# col 2 : Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) value at 1 Astronomical Unit (AU).
# col 3 : Nominal date expressed as Julian Day number (integer)
# col 4 : Nominal date expressed as YYYYMMDD (YYYY=year, MM=month, DD=day)
# col 5 : Number of individual TSI values combined in the composite TSI for this day.
# col 6 : Variance of these individual TSI values (after SARR adjustment)
# col 7 : Earth-Sun distance in Astronomical Unit (AU).
# col 8 : TSI value at the true Earth-Sun distance
# col 9 : Binary flags of the instruments used in the composite, e.g. 011000000000 means that
# only instruments 2 and 3 are used for the daily mean for this particular day
# col 10 : Original TSI values for instrument ERB
# col 11 : Original TSI values for instrument ACRIM1
# col 12 : Original TSI values for instrument ERBS
# col 13 : Original TSI values for instrument ACRIM2
# col 14 : Original TSI values for instrument DIARAD
# col 15 : Original TSI values for instrument PMO06
# col 16 : Original TSI values for instrument ACRIM3
# col 17 : Original TSI values for instrument TIM_SORCE
# col 18 : Original TSI values for instrument PREMOS
# col 19 : Original TSI values for instrument SOVAP
# col 20 : Original TSI values for instrument TIM_TCTE
# col 21 : Original TSI values for instrument TIM_TSIS1
# col 22 : Original TSI values for instrument SATIRE
#
# year TSI jul.day YYYYMMDD num std.dev. dist act.TSI instr.bits ERB ACRIM1 ERBS ACRIM2 DIARAD PMO06 ACRIM3 TIM_SORCE PREMOS SOVAP TIM_TCTE TIM_TSIS1 SATIRE
#
1979.0014 1362.3818 2443875 19790101 1 0.0000 0.98333 1408.9771 0000000000001 1373.030 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1361.380
1979.0041 1362.5798 2443876 19790102 1 0.0000 0.98331 1409.2182 0000000000001 1373.081 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1361.578
1979.0068 1362.3986 2443877 19790103 1 0.0000 0.98330 1409.0551 0000000000001 1372.750 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1361.396
1979.0096 1362.5135 2443878 19790104 1 0.0000 0.98330 1409.1857 0000000000001 1373.690 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1361.511
1979.0123 1362.4286 2443879 19790105 1 0.0000 0.98330 1409.0963 0000000000001 1373.770 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1361.426
1979.0151 1362.5720 2443880 19790106 1 0.0000 0.98331 1409.2288 0000000000001 1373.474 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1361.570
1979.0178 1362.9864 2443881 19790107 1 0.0000 0.98332 1409.6265 0000000000001 1373.450 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1361.984
1979.0205 1363.0581 2443882 19790108 1 0.0000 0.98333 1409.6538 0000000000001 1373.840 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1362.055
1979.0233 1362.7390 2443883 19790109 1 0.0000 0.98336 1409.2605 0000000000001 1373.540 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1361.737
1979.0260 1362.5814 2443884 19790110 1 0.0000 0.98338 1409.0168 0000000000001 1373.034 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1361.579
1979.0288 1362.9510 2443885 19790111 1 0.0000 0.98342 1409.3005 0000000000001 1373.060 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1361.948
1979.0315 1363.0376 2443886 19790112 1 0.0000 0.98346 1409.2734 0000000000001 1373.950 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1362.035
1979.0342 1362.9192 2443887 19790113 1 0.0000 0.98351 1409.0159 0000000000001 1373.910 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1361.917
1979.0370 1362.7732 2443888 19790114 1 0.0000 0.98356 1408.7116 0000000000001 1373.569 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1361.771
1979.0397 1362.7277 2443889 19790115 1 0.0000 0.98362 1408.4928 0000000000001 1373.330 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1361.725
1979.0425 1362.7963 2443890 19790116 1 0.0000 0.98369 1408.3740 0000000000001 1373.620 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1361.794
(…)
...
] documents for additional information on the data product and production system.
1.
...
4 Disclaimer and License
...
This data product has been produced
...
by the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMIB), on behalf of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (
...
C3S). The following License and disclaimer apply: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/api/v2/terms/static/licence-to-use-copernicus-products.pdf
| Anchor | ||||
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This dataset is produced on behalf of C3S by the RMIB.
Literature citation
Dewitte, S. and Nevens, S., 2016. The total solar irradiance climate data record. The Astrophysical Journal, 830(1), p.25.
2. Data access information
2.1 Data 1 Data access through the RMIB
The C3S daily Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) timeseries is made available to the C3S Climate Data Store (CDS) through an HTTPS server hosted by the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMIB). The server provides a
...
validated version of the
...
CDR over the period: 1st January 1979 – 31st December
...
2020 (in version
...
3.0):
https://gerb.oma.be/tsi/C3S_RMIB_daily_TSI_composite_TCDR_
...
and regularly updated the ICDR with increasing version number
...
v3.x
...
, e.g.:
https://gerb.oma.be/tsi/C3S_RMIB_daily_TSI_composite_ICDR_
...
...
https://gerb.oma.be/tsi/C3S_RMIB_daily_TSI_composite_ICDR_v2.x.txt
The latest version of the composite is available at:
...
In addition, a daily update of the ICDR is performed in the “latest” file:
...
_RMIB_daily_TSI_composite_ICDR_v3_latest.txt
2.2 2 Data access through the CDS
Data access through the CDS
...
Within C3S, the distribution will be through the CDS (https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/
...
) where documentation created for the inclusion of the data in the CDS, such as this PUGS, will be also provided.
2.3 Product 3 Product ordering process
You need to be registered and logged in to order products in the CDS. A login is provided upon registration, all products in the CDS are delivered free of charge.
2.4 Visualization tool
The data will be available in the CDS Toolbox (https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/toolbox).
2.5 Documentation
...
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|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Ball, W.T., Krivova, N.A., Unruh, Y.C., Haigh, J.D. and Solanki, S.K., 2014. A new SATIRE-S spectral solar irradiance reconstruction for solar cycles 21–23 and its implications for stratospheric ozone. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 71(11), pp.4086-4101.
Crommelynck, D., Domingo, V., Fichot, A., & Lee, R. (1994). Total Solar Irradiance Observations from the EURECA and ATLAS Experiments. International Astronomical Union Colloquium, 143, 63-69. doi:10.1017/S0252921100024544
Dewitte S. (2013). The Contribution of the DIARAD Type Radiometer to the Revision of the Solar Constant Technical Note. Available
...
at ftp://gerb.oma.be/steven/RMIB_TSI_composite/ diaradnewsolarconstant.pdf
Dewitte, S. and Clerbaux, N., 2017. Measurement of the earth radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere—a review. Remote Sensing, 9(11), p.1143.
Dewitte, S. and Nevens, S., 2016. The total solar irradiance climate data record. The Astrophysical Journal, 830(1), p.25.
Dewitte, S., Crommelynck, D., and Joukoff, A. (2004). Total solar irradiance observations from DIARAD/VIRGO, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A02102, doi:10.1029/2002JA009694.
Dewitte, S., Janssen, E. and Mekaoui, S., (2013). May. Science results from the Sova-Picard total solar irradiance instrument. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1531, No. 1, pp. 688-691). AIP. doi:10.1063/1.4804863
ERBE Science Team (1986). First data from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment. BAMS, 67, 818--824.
Froehlich, C. (2003). Long-Term Behaviour of Space Radiometers, Metrologia,40, 60-65.
Froehlich, C., Crommelynck, D.A., Wehrli, C. et al. (1997). In-Flight Performance of the Virgo Solar Irradiance Instruments on Soho. Sol. Phys. 175, 267–286. doi:10.1023/A:1004929108864
Hickey, J.R., L.L. Stowe, H. Jacobowitz, P. Pellegrino, R.H. Machhoff, F. House, T.H. Vonder Haar (1980). Initial solar irradiance determinations from nimbus 7 cavity radiometer measurements, Science, 208, 281--283.
Kopp, G., Lawrence, G. & Rottman, G. (2005). The Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM): Science Results.
...
Sol Phys 230, 129–139. doi:10.
...
1007/s11207-005-7433-9
Mekaoui, S., Dewitte, S. (2008). Total Solar Irradiance Measurement and Modelling during Cycle 23. Sol Phys 247, 203–216. doi:10.1007/s11207-007-9070-y
Mekaoui, S., Dewitte, S., Conscience, C. and Chevalier, A. (2010). Total solar irradiance absolute level from DIARAD/SOVIM on the International Space Station. Advances in Space Research, 45(11), pp.1393-1406.
Mount Wilson Observatory (2013). The 150-foot Solar Tower Current Selected Data (Mt. Wilson, CA: Mount Wilson Institute), http://obs.astro.ucla.edu/150_data.html
...
Plamondon, (1969): TCFM solar observations on Mariner 6, JPL Space Program Summary, 3, 162.
Romero, J., Wehrli, C. & Fröhlich, C. (1994). Solar total irradiance variability from SOVA 2 on board EURECA. Sol. Phys. 152, 23–29 doi:10.1007/BF01473178
Schmutz W., Fehlmann A., Finsterle W., Kopp G., Thuillier G. (2012). Total solar irradiance measurements with PREMOS/Picard, AIP Conf. Proc, 1531, 624. doi: 10.1063/1.4804847
TCTE 2014, Total Solar Irradiance Calibration Transfer Experiment (Boulder, CO: Univ. of Colorado), http://lasp.colorado.edu/home/tcte/data
Willson, R. (1994). Irradiance Observations of SMM, Spacelab 1, UARS, and ATLAS Experiments. International Astronomical Union Colloquium, 143, 54-62. doi:10.1017/S0252921100024532
Willson, R.C. (2014). ACRIM3 and the Total Solar Irradiance database. Astrophys. Space Sci. 352, 341–352. doi:10.1007/s10509-014-1961-4
Willson, R.C., S. Gulkis, M. Janssen, H.S. Hudson, G.A. Chapman, (1980): Observations of Solar Irradiance Variability, Science, 211, 700 - 702. doi: 10.1126/science.211.4483.700
| Info | ||
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| This document has been produced with funding by the European Union in the context of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S).The activities leading to these results have been contracted , operated by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts , operator of C3S on behalf of on the European Union (Delegation agreement Contribution Agreement signed on 1122/1107/20142021). All information in this document is provided "as is" “as is” and no guarantee or of warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose. The users thereof use the information at their sole risk and liability. For the avoidance of all doubt, the European Commission and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts have no liability in respect of this document, which is merely representing the author's author’s view. |
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