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Long forecasts are available from the forecasts initiated at 00 and 12 UTC. Long forecasts include forecast lengths of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 hours.
Short forecasts of 1, 2 and 3 hours are made for the forecasts initiated at 03, 06, 09, 15, 18 and 21 UTC.
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Accumulated fluxes | ||||||
Name | Short Name | Unit | Param ID | Analysis: 0,3,...,21 | Forecast: 1,2,3,… | Height |
al | % | 260509 | yes** | yes | surface | |
eva | kg/m2 | 260259 | no | yes | surface | |
tisef | kg/m2 | 235072 | no | yes | surface | |
sshf | J/m2 | 146 | no | yes | surface | |
slhf | J/m2 | 147 | no | yes | surface | |
tislhef | J/m2 | 235019 | no | yes | surface | |
tislhsf | J/m2 | 235071 | no | yes | surface | |
dsrp | J/m2 | 47 | no | yes | surface | |
tidirswrf | J/m2 | 260264 | no | yes | surface | |
ssr | J/m2 | 176 | no | yes | surface | |
ssrd | J/m2 | 169 | no | yes | surface | |
ssrc | J/m2 | 210 | no | yes | surface | |
str | J/m2 | 177 | no | yes | surface | |
strd | J/m2 | 175 | no | yes | surface | |
strc | J/m2 | 211 | no | yes | surface | |
Top net solar radiation | tsr | J/m2 | 178 | no | yes | surface |
ttr | J/m2 | 179 | no | yes | surface | |
tisemf | kg⋅m/s | 235017 | no | yes | surface | |
tisnmf | kg⋅m/s | 235018 | no | yes | surface | |
Pressure | ||||||
Name | Short Name | Unit | Param ID | Analysis: 0,3,...,21 | Forecast: 1,2,3,… | Height |
msl | Pa | 151 | yes | yes | surface (scaled to sea level) | |
sp | Pa | 134 | yes | yes | surface | |
Geometric cloud properties | ||||||
Name | Short Name | Unit | Param ID | Analysis: 0,3,...,21 | Forecast: 1,2,3,… | Height |
hcc | % | 3075 | yes | yes | above 5000m | |
mcc | % | 3074 | yes | yes | 2500m - 5000m | |
lcc | % | 3073 | yes | yes | surface - 2500m | |
tcc | % | 228164 | yes | yes | above ground | |
fog | % | 260648 | no | yes | lowest model level | |
vis | m | 3020 | yes | yes | lowest model level | |
cdcb | m | 260107 | yes | yes | - | |
cdct | m | 260108 | yes | yes | - | |
Snow | ||||||
Name | Short Name | Unit | Param ID | Analysis: 0,3,...,21 | Forecast: 1,2,3,… | Height |
rsn | kg/m3 | 33 | yes | yes | surface | |
sd | kg/m2 | 228141 | yes | yes | surface | |
fscov | 0-1 | 260289 | yes | no | surface | |
asn | % | 228032 | yes | no | surface | |
Surface roughness lengths | ||||||
Name | Short Name | Unit | Param ID | Analysis: 0,3,...,21 | Forecast: 1,2,3,… | Height |
sr | m | 173 | yes | no | surface | |
srlh | m | 260651 | yes | no | surface | |
Sea states | ||||||
Name | Short Name | Unit | Param ID | Analysis: 0,3,...,21 | Forecast: 1,2,3,… | Height |
sst | K | 34 | yes | no | surface | |
ci | 0-1 | 31 | yes | no | surface | |
sist | K | 260649 | yes | yes | surface | |
sithick | m | 174098 | yes | no | surface | |
sitd | m | 260650 | yes | yes | surface | |
Static fields | ||||||
Name | Short Name | Unit | Param ID | Analysis: 0,3,...,21 | Forecast: 1,2,3,… | Height |
lsm% | 0-1 | 172 | no | no | surface | |
Sea tile fraction* | NA | 0-1 | NA | no | no | surface |
Inland water tile fraction* | NA | 0-1 | NA | no | no | surface |
Urban tile fraction* | NA | 0-1 | NA | no | no | surface |
Nature tile fraction* | NA | 0-1 | NA | no | no | surface |
Glacier fraction* | NA | 0-1 | NA | no | no | surface |
| Subgrid orography average slope* | NA | 0-1 | NA | no | no | surface |
Subgrid orography standard deviation* | NA | m | NA | no | no | surface |
orog | m | 228002 | no | no | surface | |
...
Long forecasts are available from the forecasts initiated at 00 and 12 UTC. Long forecasts include forecast lengths of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 hours.
Short forecasts of 1, 2 and 3 hours are made for the forecasts initiated at 03, 06, 09, 15, 18 and 21 UTC.
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Soil level variables | |||||
Name | Short Name | Unit | Param ID | Analysis: 0,3,...,21 | Forecast: 1,2,3,… |
vsi | m³/m³ | 260644 | yes | yes | |
vsw | m³/m³ | 260199 | yes | yes | |
Model level variables
Model level variables are output at 65 hybrid model levels of the HARMONIE-AROME model. These follow the surface at the lowest levels and are gradually evolved into pure pressure levels at the highest levels. These are the levels at which the model computations are done. The height level and pressure level variables are interpolated from these data.
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Long forecasts are available from the forecasts initiated at 00 and 12 UTC. Long forecasts include forecast lengths of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 30 hours.
Short forecasts of 1, 2 and 3 hours are made for the forecasts initiated at 03, 06, 09, 15, 18 and 21 UTC.
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Pressure level variables | ||||||
Name | Short Name | Unit | Param ID | Analysis: 0,3,...,21 | Forecast: 1,2,3,… | |
r | % | 157 | yes | yes | ||
t | K | 130 | yes | yes | ||
u-component of wind (defined relative to the rotated model grid) | u | m/s | 131 | yes | yes | |
v-component of wind (Component defined relative to the rotated model grid) | v | m/s | 132 | yes | yes | |
wz | m/s | 260238 | yes | yes | ||
ccl | % | 260257 | yes | yes | ||
clwc | kg/kg | 246 | yes | yes | ||
ciwc | kg/kg | 247 | yes | yes | ||
crwc | kg/kg | 75 | yes | yes | ||
cswc | kg/kg | 76 | yes | yes | ||
grle | kg/kg | 260028 | yes | yes | ||
papt | K | 3014 | yes | yes | ||
z | m²/s² | 129 | yes | yes | ||
pv | K·m²/ (kg·s) | 60 | yes | yes | ||
Height level variables
Height level variables are interpolated to 11 specific height levels: 15, 30, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400 and 500 metres above the surface.
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Height level variables | |||||
Name | Short Name | Unit | Param ID | Analysis: 0,3,...,21 | Forecast: 1,2,3,… |
r | % | 157 | yes | yes | |
t | K | 130 | yes | yes | |
ws | m/s | 10 | yes | yes | |
wdir | deg | 3031 | yes | yes | |
clwc | kg/kg | 246 | yes | yes | |
ciwc | kg/kg | 247 | yes | yes | |
| Pressure | pres | Pa | 54 | yes | yes |
Details about the data fields
All data fields are model grid box (2.5 km X 2.5 km = 6.25 km2) averages. When output data are compared to local data near the coast or close to a glacier boundary, it should be remembered that the model variables represent such averages. For instance, to compute the surface forcing at specific glacial sites near a glacier boundary, it will be most representative to choose output from a model grid box that is fully on the glacier, rather than the closest model grid box if this only partially covers the glacier. Also, very local rain shower intensity can be higher than the modelled average grid box intensity.
Output variables can be either instantaneous, accumulated, or maxima/minima from a given period. This is specified for each of the variables listed below.
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Name | Levels |
Pressure | Surface as well as mean sea level |
U-component of wind | Pressure levels (50 - 1000 hPa) |
V-component of windy | Pressure levels (50 - 1000 hPa) |
Temperature | Pressure levels (50 - 1000 hPa) |
Geopotential (East domain only) | Pressure levels (50 - 1000 hPa) |
Relative humidity (East domain)/Specific humidity (West domain) | Pressure levels (50 - 1000 hPa) |
In section 6.5 we present uncertainties measured as statistics of actual deviations from observations (also known as verification statistics). Note that observations are a reference not identical to the actual truth, as they also will have uncertainties as well as representativeness issues. This verification statistics is provided for a set of near-surface quantities which are covered by the meteorological observation network, including 2m temperature, 10m winds and precipitation.
Field based atmospheric uncertainty estimation
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Name | Short name | Unit | Level | Summer statistics | Winter statistics | ||
Upper Bound STDV | Refined STDV | Upper Bound STDV | Refined STDV | ||||
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 50hPa | 0.545 | 0.223 | 0.556 | 0.228 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 100hPa | 0.372 | 0.153 | 0.397 | 0.169 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 150hPa | 0.584 | 0.239 | 0.619 | 0.254 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 200hPa | 0.865 | 0.355 | 0.923 | 0.378 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 250hPa | 1.077 | 0.442 | 1.089 | 0.447 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 300hPa | 1.290 | 0.530 | 1.240 | 0.508 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 400hPa | 1.282 | 0.526 | 1.292 | 0.530 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 500hPa | 1.284 | 0.526 | 1.364 | 0.559 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 600hPa | 1.322 | 0.648 | 1.392 | 0.738 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 700hPa | 1.346 | 0.740 | 1.404 | 0.927 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 800hPa | 1.344 | 0.833 | 1.324 | 1.006 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 850hPa | 1.331 | 0.865 | 1.274 | 1.045 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 900hPa | 1.311 | 0.905 | 1.275 | 1.122 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 925hPa | 1.315 | 0.921 | 1.295 | 1.178 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 950hPa | 1.330 | 0.958 | 1.305 | 1.227 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 1000hPa | 1.302 | 0.937 | 1.172 | 1.102 |
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Name | Short name | Unit | Level | Summer statistics | Winter statistics | ||
Upper Bound STDV | Refined STDV | Upper Bound STDV | Refined STDV | ||||
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 50hPa | 0.541 | 0.222 | 0.541 | 0.222 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 100hPa | 0.376 | 0.154 | 0.384 | 0.157 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 150hPa | 0.597 | 0.245 | 0.599 | 0.246 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 200hPa | 0.884 | 0.362 | 0.898 | 0.368 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 250hPa | 1.105 | 0.453 | 1.061 | 0.435 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 300hPa | 1.337 | 0.548 | 1.209 | 0.496 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 400hPa | 1.313 | 0.538 | 1.270 | 0.521 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 500hPa | 1.328 | 0.544 | 1.351 | 0.554 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 600hPa | 1.363 | 0.668 | 1.391 | 0.737 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 700hPa | 1.383 | 0.761 | 1.402 | 0.925 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 800hPa | 1.382 | 0.857 | 1.332 | 1.012 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 850hPa | 1.363 | 0.886 | 1.282 | 1.051 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 900hPa | 1.342 | 0.926 | 1.277 | 1.124 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 925hPa | 1.344 | 0.941 | 1.293 | 1.177 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 950hPa | 1.361 | 0.980 | 1.299 | 1.221 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 1000hPa | 1.318 | 0.949 | 1.167 | 1.097 |
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Name | Short name | Unit | Level | Summer statistics | Winter statistics | ||
Upper Bound STDV | Refined STDV | Upper Bound STDV | Refined STDV | ||||
temperature | t | K | 50hPa | 0.141 | 0.058 | 0.142 | 0.058 |
temperature | t | K | 100hPa | 0.122 | 0.050 | 0.122 | 0.050 |
temperature | t | K | 150hPa | 0.230 | 0.094 | 0.224 | 0.092 |
temperature | t | K | 200hPa | 0.466 | 0.191 | 0.441 | 0.181 |
temperature | t | K | 250hPa | 0.490 | 0.201 | 0.438 | 0.180 |
temperature | t | K | 300hPa | 0.392 | 0.161 | 0.406 | 0.167 |
temperature | t | K | 400hPa | 0.314 | 0.129 | 0.341 | 0.140 |
temperature | t | K | 500hPa | 0.346 | 0.142 | 0.359 | 0.147 |
temperature | t | K | 600hPa | 0.399 | 0.196 | 0.399 | 0.211 |
temperature | t | K | 700hPa | 0.465 | 0.256 | 0.465 | 0.307 |
temperature | t | K | 800hPa | 0.537 | 0.333 | 0.485 | 0.369 |
temperature | t | K | 850hPa | 0.586 | 0.381 | 0.508 | 0.417 |
temperature | t | K | 900hPa | 0.614 | 0.424 | 0.520 | 0.458 |
temperature | t | K | 925hPa | 0.604 | 0.423 | 0.531 | 0.483 |
temperature | t | K | 950hPa | 0.612 | 0.441 | 0.546 | 0.513 |
temperature | t | K | 1000hPa | 0.582 | 0.419 | 0.576 | 0.504 |
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Name | Short name | Unit | Level | Summer statistics | Winter statistics | ||
Upper Bound STDV | Refined STDV | Upper Bound STDV | Refined STDV | ||||
geopotential | z | m²/s² | 50hPa | 42.17 | 17.29 | 41.54 | 17.03 |
geopotential | z | m²/s² | 100hPa | 41.29 | 16.93 | 40.39 | 16.56 |
geopotential | z | m²/s² | 150hPa | 39.06 | 16.01 | 38.22 | 15.67 |
geopotential | z | m²/s² | 200hPa | 30.34 | 12.44 | 30.41 | 12.47 |
geopotential | z | m²/s² | 250hPa | 29.65 | 12.16 | 29.87 | 12.25 |
geopotential | z | m²/s² | 300hPa | 31.28 | 12.82 | 30.92 | 12.68 |
geopotential | z | m²/s² | 400hPa | 29.68 | 12.17 | 29.56 | 12.12 |
geopotential | z | m²/s² | 500hPa | 27.60 | 11.32 | 27.56 | 11.30 |
geopotential | z | m²/s² | 600hPa | 26.57 | 13.02 | 26.47 | 14.03 |
geopotential | z | m²/s² | 700hPa | 25.99 | 14.29 | 25.93 | 17.11 |
geopotential | z | m²/s² | 800hPa | 25.40 | 15.75 | 25.48 | 19.36 |
geopotential | z | m²/s² | 850hPa | 25.13 | 16.33 | 25.68 | 21.06 |
geopotential | z | m²/s² | 900hPa | 25.40 | 17.53 | 26.80 | 23.58 |
geopotential | z | m²/s² | 925hPa | 25.89 | 18.12 | 27.77 | 25.27 |
geopotential | z | m²/s² | 950hPa | 26.74 | 19.25 | 29.02 | 27.28 |
geopotential | z | m²/s² | 1000hPa | 29.47 | 21.22 | 32.43 | 30.48 |
Table 12: Climatological analysis error standard deviation relative humidity for the CARRA-East domain.Anchor table12 table12
Name | Short name | Unit | Level | Summer statistics | Winter statistics | ||
Upper Bound STDV | Refined STDV | Upper Bound STDV | Refined STDV | ||||
relative humidity | r | % | 50hPa | 0.024 | 0.010 | 1.256 | 0.515 |
relative humidity | r | % | 100hPa | 0.010 | 0.004 | 0.194 | 0.080 |
relative humidity | r | % | 150hPa | 0.040 | 0.016 | 0.425 | 0.174 |
relative humidity | r | % | 200hPa | 0.534 | 0.219 | 1.913 | 0.784 |
relative humidity | r | % | 250hPa | 3.223 | 1.321 | 4.900 | 2.009 |
relative humidity | r | % | 300hPa | 6.153 | 2.523 | 8.861 | 3.633 |
relative humidity | r | % | 400hPa | 8.236 | 3.377 | 12.634 | 5.180 |
relative humidity | r | % | 500hPa | 7.181 | 2.944 | 12.562 | 5.150 |
relative humidity | r | % | 600hPa | 6.819 | 3.341 | 11.824 | 6.267 |
relative humidity | r | % | 700hPa | 6.740 | 3.707 | 11.522 | 7.605 |
relative humidity | r | % | 800hPa | 6.544 | 4.057 | 9.638 | 7.325 |
relative humidity | r | % | 850hPa | 6.118 | 3.977 | 8.194 | 6.719 |
relative humidity | r | % | 900hPa | 5.215 | 3.598 | 6.820 | 6.002 |
relative humidity | r | % | 925hPa | 4.674 | 3.272 | 6.303 | 5.736 |
relative humidity | r | % | 950hPa | 4.285 | 3.085 | 5.767 | 5.421 |
relative humidity | r | % | 1000hPa | 3.477 | 2.503 | 4.277 | 4.020 |
Uncertainties for the CARRA-West model domain
In this section we provide the actual estimates of the uncertainty in the form of the Upper Bound Standard Deviation and the Refined Standard Deviation for analysis errors over CARRA-West domain. For this domain, we provide all-year-around averaged statistics. The uncertainty estimation is given both in form of tables for surface pressure and mean sea level pressure (Table 13), u-wind component (Table 14), v-wind component (Table 15), temperature (Table 16) and specific humidity (Table 17), and in form of figures for the u- and v- wind components (Figure 7, left and right panel, respectively), temperature (Figure 8 , left panel) and specific humidity (Figure 8, right panel). All tables contain the name of the meteorological variable, short abbreviation, units and vertical levels. Uncertainty of the surface pressure field is provided at 0 m above ground and at 0 m above mean sea level. The uncertainty of the u- and v- components of wind, temperature and specific humidity is provided at standard pressure levels : 50 hPa, 100 hPa, 150 hPa, 200 hPa, 250 hPa, 300 hPa, 400 hPa, 500 hPa, 600hPa, 700 hPa, 800 hPa, 850 hPa, 900 hPa, 925 hPa, 950 hPa and 1000 hPa. The figures show uncertainty estimates as a function of standard pressure levels. Note that the uncertainty estimates for the CARRA-West domain are not given for exactly the same variables as for the CARRA-East domain due to technical processing challenges. The Upper Bound Standard Deviation of the analysis errors is shown as a solid curve and the Refined standard deviation (STDV) of the analysis error is shown as a dashed curve.
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Name | Short name | Unit | Level | Upper Bound STDV | Refined STDV |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 50hPa | 0.540 | 0.146 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 100hPa | 0.370 | 0.100 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 150hPa | 0.447 | 0.121 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 200hPa | 0.611 | 0.165 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 250hPa | 0.732 | 0.198 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 300hPa | 0.871 | 0.235 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 400hPa | 0.869 | 0.235 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 500hPa | 0.862 | 0.233 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 600hPa | 0.887 | 0.240 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 700hPa | 0.893 | 0.241 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 800hPa | 0.856 | 0.231 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 850hPa | 0.831 | 0.224 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 900hPa | 0.810 | 0.219 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 925hPa | 0.803 | 0.217 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 950hPa | 0.799 | 0.216 |
u-component of wind | u | m/s | 1000hPa | 0.773 | 0.209 |
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Name | Short name | Unit | Level | Upper Bound STDV | Refined STDV |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 50hPa | 0.535 | 0.144 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 100hPa | 0.360 | 0.097 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 150hPa | 0.449 | 0.135 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 200hPa | 0.603 | 0.162 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 250hPa | 0.714 | 0.193 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 300hPa | 0.851 | 0.230 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 400hPa | 0.853 | 0.230 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 500hPa | 0.852 | 0.230 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 600hPa | 0.877 | 0.237 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 700hPa | 0.884 | 0.239 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 800hPa | 0.852 | 0.230 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 850hPa | 0.826 | 0.223 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 900hPa | 0.801 | 0.216 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 925hPa | 0.794 | 0.214 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 950hPa | 0.792 | 0.214 |
v-component of wind | v | m/s | 1000hPa | 0.763 | 0.206 |
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Figure 8: Climatological analysis error standard deviation for temperature (left plot) and specific humidity (right plot) as a function of standard pressure levels for the CARRA-West domain.
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Name | Short name | Unit | Level | Upper Bound STDV | Refined STDV |
temperature | t | K | 50hPa | 0.130 | 0.035 |
temperature | t | K | 100hPa | 0.112 | 0.030 |
temperature | t | K | 150hPa | 0.169 | 0.045 |
temperature | t | K | 200hPa | 0.276 | 0.075 |
temperature | t | K | 250hPa | 0.285 | 0.077 |
temperature | t | K | 300hPa | 0.263 | 0.071 |
temperature | t | K | 400hPa | 0.227 | 0.061 |
temperature | t | K | 500hPa | 0.235 | 0.063 |
temperature | t | K | 600hPa | 0.259 | 0.070 |
temperature | t | K | 700hPa | 0.350 | 0.095 |
temperature | t | K | 800hPa | 0.473 | 0.128 |
temperature | t | K | 850hPa | 0.500 | 0.135 |
temperature | t | K | 900hPa | 0.508 | 0.137 |
temperature | t | K | 925hPa | 0.509 | 0.137 |
temperature | t | K | 950hPa | 0.520 | 0.140 |
temperature | t | K | 1000hPa | 0.542 | 0.146 |
Table 17: Climatological analysis error standard deviation for specific humidity for the CARRA-West domain.Anchor table17 table17
Name | Short name | Unit | Level | Upper Bound STDV | Refined STDV |
specific humidity | r | g/kg | 50hPa | 0. | 0. |
specific humidity | r | g/kg | 100hPa | 0. | 0. |
specific humidity | r | g/kg | 150hPa | 0. | 0. |
specific humidity | r | g/kg | 200hPa | 0.001 | 0.0002 |
specific humidity | r | g/kg | 250hPa | 0.002 | 0.0004 |
specific humidity | r | g/kg | 300hPa | 0.006 | 0.001 |
specific humidity | r | g/kg | 400hPa | 0.020 | 0.005 |
specific humidity | r | g/kg | 500hPa | 0.048 | 0.013 |
specific humidity | r | g/kg | 600hPa | 0.082 | 0.022 |
specific humidity | r | g/kg | 700hPa | 0.113 | 0.031 |
specific humidity | r | g/kg | 800hPa | 0.127 | 0.034 |
specific humidity | r | g/kg | 850hPa | 0.126 | 0.034 |
specific humidity | r | g/kg | 900hPa | 0.119 | 0.032 |
specific humidity | r | g/kg | 925hPa | 0.115 | 0.031 |
specific humidity | r | g/kg | 950hPa | 0.112 | 0.030 |
specific humidity | r | g/kg | 1000hPa | 0.099 | 0.027 |
Questions & Answers on field uncertainty estimates
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