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...

Issued by: Cristian Lussana (MET Norway)

Issued Date: 13 30/1208/20222023

Ref: M311_Lot3.3.1.4_NGCD_PUG_ver0.12

Official reference number service contract: C3S2 311 Lot3

...

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title	Click here to expand see the history of modifications

Version	Date	Description
1.0	13/12/2022	First version
2.0	30/08/2023	Revised for version 23.03

List of datasets covered by this document

Deliverable ID

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title	Click here to expand the list of datasets covered by this document

Product title

Product type

Version Number

Delivery date

M311_Lot3.3.1.2-2022/03

NGCD


NGCD climate indices	Indicators derived from gridded observations	23.03	30/06/2023
NGCD climate indices	Indicators derived from gridded observations

Observational gridded dataset

22.03

30/

06/2022


NGCD	Observational gridded dataset	23.03	31/03/2023
NGCD	Observational gridded dataset

D311_Lot3.3.2.2-2021

NGCD climate indicesIndicators derived from gridded observations

22.03

31/

03/2022

Acronyms

Acronym	Definition
CDS	Climate Data Store
MET Norway	The Norwegian Meteorological Institute
KNMI	The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
NGCD	Nordic Gridded Climate Dataset (DOI:https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.e8f4a10c^{Image Modified})
NGCD-1	NGCD type 1 datasets
NGCD-2	NGCD type 2 datasets
ECA&D	European Climate Assessment & Dataset

Data access information

Anchor

	table_data_access
	table_data_access

Description	Link
NGCD climate indices ver.

23.03 (full update based on NGCD historical archive)

https://thredds.met.no/thredds/catalog/ngcd/version_

23.03/indices/catalog.html

NGCD climate indices

provisional ver

ver. 22.03 (

monthly updates

full update based on NGCD

provisional

historical archive)

https://thredds.met.no/thredds/catalog/ngcd/

provisional

version_22.03/indices/catalog.html

NGCD

is available

climate indices provisional ver. 23.03 (monthly updates based on NGCD provisional archive)	https://thredds.met.no/thredds/catalog/ngcd/provisional/indices/catalog.html
NGCD is available to users via the Climate Data Store	https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/insitu-gridded-observations-nordic?tab=overview
NGCD is also available to users via MET Norway OPeNDAP access	https://thredds.met.no/thredds/catalog/ngcd/catalog.html

There are no "Known issues" at the moment.

...

NGCD is an observational gridded dataset covering Fennoscandia (Finland, Norway and Sweden) based on in-situ observations only. The variables included in the dataset are: daily mean temperature; daily maximum temperature; daily minimum temperature; and daily total precipitation. NGCD consists of two independent datasets, NGCD-1 and NGCD-2. NGCD is released in versions, which are labelled as Year.Month (e.g. the update in March 2022 2023 yields ver. 2223.03). Each version is made up of two archives: i) the historical archive and ii) the provisional archive.

...

Climate indices are derived from the daily NGCD datasets and the key characteristics of the datasets are reported in Table 1.

The indices are computed using the R-language D4 packages:

climind version 1.0.0 (2017-04-14, Authors: Christiana Photiadou, Rebekka Posselt and David Bronaugh, maintainer: the ECA&D team). Latest version and code available at: https://github.com/ECA-D/climind
gridclimind version 1.0.0 (2017-04-14, Authors: Christiana Photiadou and David Bronaugh, maintainer: the ECA&D team). Latest version and code available at: https://github.com/ECA-D/gridclimind
PETr version 0.1.0 (2018-09-04, Author: Colin Harpham, maintainer: the ECA&D team). Latest version and code available at: https://github.com/ECA-D/PETr

The methods and elaboration are briefly described in Table 2 (column Description).

We distinguish between five main types of climate indices Table 2 (column Type):

Rain indices
Heat indices
Cold indices
Drought indices
Multi-element indices

Each index is assigned to one of these five categories.

The climate indices are provided on a regular grid, using a Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area coordinate reference system, with a spacing of 1 km in both Easting and Northing directions.

For each of the indices, the fields are provided both for NGCD-1 and NGCD-2. In addition, NGCD provides a provisional archive, in between two subsequent versions of the historical archive. For the provisional archive, a reduced set of monthly climate indices is provided, which are based on NGCD-2 only. The final fields are stored in data files in netCDF-4 format.

NGCD climate indices are fully updated once a year, in June, on the basis of the most recent NGCD historical archive available. Each update is then linked to a specific NGCD version (e.g. the update in June is linked to the NGCD historical archive produced in March 2022, which yields ver. 22.03). The newest updated climate indices are based on NGCD ver. 22.03 and they cover the time period from January 1971 to December 2021. In addition, for each month we provide monthly climate indices based on the NGCD ver. 22.03 provisional archive.

The next release of fully updated NGCD climate indices is scheduled for June 2023 and the indices will be based on NGCD historical archive ver 23.03 (scheduled for March 2023).

Data Overview

...

Table 1: Overview of key characteristics of the indices derived from NGCD

...

Data Description

...

Dataset title

...

Indices derived from NGCD

...

Data type

...

Indicators derived from gridded observations

...

Topic category

...

Climate Monitoring

...

Sector

...

Applicable to various sectors

...

Keyword

...

Climate indices

...

Dataset language

...

eng

...

Domain

...

Finland, Norway and Sweden

...

Horizontal resolution

...

1 km x 1 km

...

Temporal coverage

...

1971-01-01/to/2021-12-31

...

Temporal resolution

...

Monthly / seasonal / half-yearly / annual / daily (depending on the index)

...

Update frequency

...

Annual (in June)

...

Version

...

ver. 22.03 (based on NGCD ver 22.03)

...

Provider

...

the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway)

...

The NGCD based Climate Indices as a derived dataset can be provided under the Copernicus licence.

methods and elaboration are briefly described in Table 2 (column Description).

We distinguish between five main types of climate indices Table 2 (column Type):

Rain indices
Heat indices
Cold indices
Drought indices
Multi-element indices

Each index is assigned to one of these five categories.

The climate indices are provided on a regular grid, using a Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area coordinate reference system, with a spacing of 1 km in both Easting and Northing directions.

NGCD climate indices are fully updated once a year, in June, on the basis of the most recent NGCD historical archive available. Each update is then linked to a specific NGCD version (e.g. the update in June is linked to the NGCD historical archive produced in March 2023, which yields ver. 23.03). The newest updated climate indices are based on NGCD ver. 23.03 and they cover the time period from January 1971 to December 2022. In addition, for each month we provide monthly climate indices based on the NGCD ver. 23.03 provisional archive.

The next release of fully updated NGCD climate indices is scheduled for June 2024 and the indices will be based on NGCD historical archive ver 24.03 (scheduled for March 2024).

Data Overview

Anchor

	tab1
	tab1

Table 1: Overview of key characteristics of the indices derived from NGCD

Data Description
Dataset title	Indices derived from NGCD
Data type	Indicators derived from gridded observations
Topic category	Climate Monitoring
Sector	Applicable to various sectors
Keyword	Climate indices
Dataset language	eng
Domain	Finland, Norway and Sweden
Horizontal resolution	1 km x 1 km
Temporal coverage	1971-01-01/to/2022-12-31
Temporal resolution	Monthly / seasonal / half-yearly / annual / daily (depending on the index)
Update frequency	Annual (in June)
Version	ver. 23.03 (based on NGCD ver 23.03)
Provider	the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway)
Terms of Use	The NGCD based Climate Indices as a derived dataset can be provided under the Copernicus licence.

Variable Description

Anchor

	tab2
	tab2

Table 2: Overview and description of variables.

Variables
Long Name	Short Name	Unit	Type	Description
Number of Frost Days	FD	Days	Cold	The number of days in a given period when the daily minimum temperature is less than 0°C.
Maximum number of consecutive frost days	CFD	Days	Cold	The largest number of consecutive days in a given period when the daily minimum temperature is less than 0°C.
Number of Ice Days	ID	Days	Cold	The number of days in a given period when the daily maximum temperature is less than 0°C.
Heating degree days	HD17	°C	Cold	The heating degree days index accumulates the temperature difference between daily mean temperature TG and the threshold of 17°C (17°C−TG), for the days when the daily mean temperature drops below 17°C, for a given period.
Growing season length	GSL	Days	Cold	The number of days between the first occurrence of at least 6 consecutive days when the daily mean temperature exceeds 5°C and the first occurrence after 1 July of at least 6 consecutive days when the daily mean temperature drops below 5°C.
Minimum value of daily maximum temperature	TXn	°C	Cold	The minimum value of the daily maximum temperatures in a given period.
Minimum value of daily minimum temperature	TNn	°C	Cold	The minimum value of the daily minimum temperatures in a given period.
Percentage of cold nights	TN10p	%	Cold	The percentage

Variable Description

...

Table 2: Overview and description of variables.

VariablesLong NameShort NameUnitType
Description

Number of Frost Days

Days

Cold

The number of days in a given period when the daily minimum temperature is less than 0°C.

Maximum number of consecutive frost days

CFD

Days

Cold

The largest number of consecutive days in a given period when the daily minimum temperature is less than 0°C.

Number of Ice Days

Days

Cold

The number

of days in a given period when the daily

maximum

minimum temperature is less than

0°C.

Heating degree days

HDD

°C

Cold

The heating degree days index accumulates the temperature difference between daily mean temperature TG and the threshold of 17°C (17°C−TG), for the days when the daily mean temperature drops below 17°C, for a given period.

Growing season length

GSL

Days

Cold

The number of days between the first occurrence of at least 6 consecutive days when the daily mean temperature exceeds 5°C and the first occurrence after 1 July of at least 6 consecutive days when the daily mean temperature drops below 5°C.

Minimum value of daily maximum temperature

TXn

°C

Cold

The minimum value of the daily maximum temperatures in a given period.

Minimum value of daily minimum temperature

TNn

°C

Cold

The minimum value of the daily minimum temperatures in a given period.

Percentage of cold nights

TN10p

Cold

The percentage of

the 10^th percentile of daily minimum temperatures for the 5-day windows centred on each calendar day in the corresponding climatological period for 1961-1990.
Percentage of cold day-times	TX10p	%	Cold	The percentage of days in a given period when the daily maximum temperature is less than the 10^th percentile of daily maximum temperatures for the 5-day windows centred on each calendar day in the corresponding climatological period for 1961-1990.
Cold-spell duration index	CSDI^*	Days	Cold	The largest number of consecutive days in a given period when the daily minimum temperature is less than the 10^th percentile of daily minimum temperatures for the 5-day windows centred on each calendar day in the corresponding climatological period for 1961-1990

(see Zhang et al. 2005 for further details).

Percentage of cold day-times

TX10p

Cold

, in intervals of at least six consecutive days.
Number of Summer days	SU	Days	Heat	The number

The percentage

of days in a given period when the daily maximum temperature is

less than the 10^th percentile of daily maximum temperatures for the 5-day windows centred on each calendar day in the corresponding climatological period for 1961-1990 (see Zhang et al. 2005 for further details).

higher than 25°C.
Maximum number of consecutive summer days	CSU	Days	Heat	The largest number of consecutive days in a given period when the daily maximum temperature is higher than 25°C.
Number of Tropical nights	TR	Days	Heat	The number of

Cold-spell duration index

CSDI^*

Days

Cold

The largest number of consecutive

days in a given period when the daily minimum temperature is

less than the 10^th percentile of daily minimum temperatures for the 5-day windows centred on each calendar day in the corresponding climatological period for 1961-1990, in intervals of at least six consecutive days.

higher than 20°C.
Maximum value of daily maximum temperature	TXx	°C

Number of Summer days

Days

Heat

The

number of days

maximum value of the daily maximum temperatures in a given period

when the daily maximum temperature is higher than 25°C

Maximum

number of consecutive summer days

CSU

value of daily minimum temperature

TNx

°C

Days

Heat

The

largest number of consecutive days

maximum value of the daily minimum temperatures in a given period

when the daily maximum temperature is higher than 25°C

Number

Percentage of

Tropical

warm nights

TN90p

Days

Heat

The

number

percentage of days in a given period when the daily minimum temperature is higher than

20°C.

Maximum value of daily maximum temperature

TXx

°C

Heat

The maximum value of the daily maximum temperatures in a given period.

Maximum value of daily minimum temperature

TNx

°C

Heat

The maximum value of the daily minimum temperatures in a given period

the 90^th percentile of daily minimum temperatures for the 5-day windows centred on each calendar day in the corresponding climatological period for 1961-1990.

Percentage of warm

nights

day-times

TN90p

TX90p

Heat

The percentage of days in a given period when the daily

minimum

maximum temperature is higher than the 90^th percentile of daily

minimum

maximum temperatures for the 5-day windows centred on each calendar day in the corresponding climatological period for 1961-1990

(see Zhang et al

2005 for further details).

Percentage of warm day-times

TX90p


Warm-spell duration index	WSDI^*	Days

Heat

The

percentage for the 5-day windows centred on each calendar day in the corresponding climatological period for 1961-1990, in intervals of at least six consecutive days.

Mean of diurnal temperature range

DTR

°C

Multi

The mean value in a given period of the difference between the daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature (daily maximum - daily minimum).

Maximum number of consecutive dry days (daily precipitation < 1 mm)

largest number of consecutive days in a given period when the daily maximum temperature is higher than the 90^th percentile of daily maximum temperatures for the 5-day windows centred on each calendar day in the corresponding climatological period for 1961-1990

(see Zhang et al. 2005 for further details).

Warm-spell duration index

WSDI^*

Days

Heat

The largest number of consecutive days in a given period when the daily maximum temperature is higher than the 90^th percentile of daily maximum temperatures

, in intervals of at least six consecutive days.
Mean of diurnal temperature range	DTR	°C	Multi	The mean value in a given period of the difference between the daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature (daily maximum - daily minimum).
Maximum number of consecutive dry days (daily precipitation < 1 mm)

CDD^*

Days

Drought

The largest number of consecutive days in a given period when the daily precipitation is less than 1 mm.

Huglin Index for grape growth suitability

[-]

Multi

The Huglin index accumulates the mean of the temperature difference between the daily mean temperature (TG) and the threshold of 10°C (TG - 10°C), and the temperature difference between the daily maximum temperature (TX) and the threshold of 10°C (TX - 10°C), for the days when the daily mean temperature exceeds 10°C. The accumulation is multiplied by a latitudinal coefficient for day length, K. The period of accumulation is 1 April to 30 September.

The value of K is determined using:

latitude	K
≤ 40°N	1.00
40°N-42°N	1.02
42°N-44°N	1.03
44°N-46°N	1.04
46°N-48°N	1.05
48°N-50°N	1.06
>50°N	1.00

Each specific grape variety has a specific range of Huglin Index values for which it thrives (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huglin_index).

3-Month Standardized Precipitation Index

SPI-3

[-]

Drought

SPI is a probability index based on precipitation. It is designed to be a spatially invariant indicator of drought. SPI3 refers to precipitation in the previous 3-month period (positive values indicate a wet period; negative values indicate a dry period).
For details including the algorithm, see: Guttman, N.B. (1999).

6-Month Standardized Precipitation Index

SPI-6

[-]

Drought

SPI is a probability index based on precipitation. It is designed to be a spatially invariant indicator of drought. SPI6 refers to precipitation in the previous 6-month period (positive values indicate a wet period; negative values indicate a dry period).
For details including the algorithm, see: Guttman, N.B. (1999).

Highest 1-day precipitation amount

RX1day

Rain

The maximum value of the one-day precipitation amount in a given period.

Highest

3-day precipitation amount

RX5day

RX3day

Rain

The maximum value of the consecutive

five

three-day precipitation amount in a given period.

Simple daily

Highest 5-day precipitation amount	RX5day	mm	Rain	The maximum value of the consecutive five-day precipitation amount in a given period.
Simple daily intensity index	SDII	mm/day	Rain	The mean value of daily precipitation amount on wet days (when the daily precipitation is equal to or larger than 1 mm) in a given period.
Number of Wet days	R1mm	Days	Rain	The number of days in a given period when the daily precipitation amount is equal to or larger than 1 mm.
Number of Heavy precipitation days	R10mm	Days	Rain	The number of days in a given period when the daily precipitation amount is equal to or larger than 10 mm.
Number of Very heavy precipitation days	R20mm	Days	Rain	The number of days in a given period when the daily precipitation amount is equal to or larger than 20 mm.
Maximum no of consecutive wet days	CWD^*	Days	Rain	The largest number of consecutive days in a given period when the daily precipitation amount is equal to or is larger than 1 mm.
Precipitation fraction due to moderate wet days	R75pFRAC	%	Rain	The percentage of days in a given period when the daily precipitation amount is higher than the 75^th percentile of the daily precipitation amounts for the 5-day windows centred on each calendar day in the corresponding climatological period for 1961-1990.
Precipitation fraction due to very wet days	R95pFRAC	%	Rain	The percentage of days in a given period when the daily precipitation amount is higher than the 95^th percentile of the daily precipitation amounts for the 5-day windows centred on each calendar day in the corresponding climatological period for 1961-1990.
Precipitation fraction due to extremely wet days	R99pFRAC	%	Rain	The percentage of days in a given period when the daily precipitation amount is higher than the 99^th percentile of the daily precipitation amounts for the 5-day windows centred on each calendar day in the corresponding climatological period for 1961-1990.
Precipitation total due to moderate wet days	R75pTOT	mm	Rain	The accumulated daily precipitation amount in a given period for the days when the daily precipitation amount is higher than the 75^th percentile of the daily precipitation amounts for the 5-day windows centred on each calendar day in the corresponding climatological period for 1961-1990.
Precipitation total due to very wet days	R95pTOT	mm	Rain	The accumulated daily precipitation amount in a given period for the days when the daily precipitation amount is higher than the 95^th percentile of the daily precipitation amounts for the 5-day windows centred on each calendar day in the corresponding climatological period for 1961-1990.
Precipitation total due to extremely wet days	R99pTOT	mm	Rain	The accumulated daily precipitation amount in a given period for the days when the daily precipitation amount is higher than the 99^th percentile of the daily precipitation amounts for the 5-day windows centred on each calendar day in the corresponding climatological period for 1961-1990.
Total precipitation on wet days	PRCPTOT	mm	Rain	The accumulated daily precipitation

amount on

amount on wet days (when the daily precipitation amount is equal to or larger than 1 mm) in a given period.

Info
^*For the calculation of spells (CSDI, WSDI, CDD, CWD) the spells are cut-off at the end of the calendar year. This might interfere with the applications where the continuation of a spell into the next calendar year is relevant. For these applications, additional datasets are provided with the names: altCSDI, altWSIaltWSDI, altCDD, altCWD.

Data usage information

...

NGCD_<Index>_<TempAgg>_<CRS>_type<Id_type>_version_<Ver>_prov_<YearMonth>.nc_prov_<YearMonth>.nc

Where there is the tag "prov" (stands for provisional) after the version and the time label YearMonth is specified in the file name.

Info

icon	false

_{This document has been produced in the context of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S).}

_{The activities leading to these results have been contracted by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, operator of C3S on behalf of the European Union (Delegation Agreement signed on 11/11/2014 and Contribution Agreement signed on 22/07/2021). All information in this document is provided "as is" and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose.}

_{The users thereof use the information at their sole risk and liability. For the avoidance of all doubt , the European Commission and the European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts have no liability in respect of this document, which is merely representing the author's view.}

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reverse	true
type	page
cql	label in ("in-situ","ngcd") and type = "page" and space = "CKB"
labels	era-interim

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