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Introduction
European winter wind storms are a major cause of losses to the insurance sector. To help the sector better understand this risk the Operational Wind Storm Service for the Insurance Sector has been developed. The development of the service follows from a Proof of Concept for a Sectorial Information Service to provide information about European wind storms, which is the Windstorm Information Service (WISC), part of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). This document describes the storm tracking part of the development performed by the University of Reading.
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Table 1: Overview of key characteristics of the Operational Storm Tracks dataset.Anchor table1 table1
Data Description | |
Dataset title | Operational Storm Tracks |
Data type | Cyclone tracks derived from the ERA5 reanalysis. |
Topic category | Natural risk zones, Atmospheric conditions |
Sector | Insurance |
Keyword | Cyclone tracks and intensities. |
Dataset language | eng |
Domain | Europe defined as follows:
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Horizontal resolution | Point data derived from ERA5, ~30km. |
Temporal coverage | 1979-10-01/to/2020-03-31 |
Temporal resolution | 3-hourly |
Vertical coverage | 850, 925 hPa, 10m, surface |
Update frequency | No updates expected |
Version | 1.0 |
Model | ERA5 |
Experiment | N/A |
Provider | University of Reading (UREAD) |
Terms of Use | https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/api/v2/terms/static/licence-to-use-copernicus-products.pdf |
VariableDescription
The tracks, which are provided in asci format, include the following fields:
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Table 2. Overview and description of variables.Anchor table2 table2
Variables | |||
Long Name | Short Name | Unit | Description |
Time | Time | YYYYMMDDHH | Time stamp of track point |
Longitude | Longitude | degrees | Longitude of tracked vorticity centre. |
Latitude | Latitude | degrees | Latitude of tracked vorticity centre. |
Vorticity (850hPa) | ξ850 | 10-5 s-1 | Vorticity at 850hPa expressed at T42 resolution. Vorticity is the curl of the fluid velocity. It is the definitive variable for measuring the centre of a storm at a specific time. The sequence of these maxima over time therefore defines the track |
Longitude (MSLP) | Longitude | degrees | Longitude of associated MSLP minima. |
Latitude (MSLP) | Latitude | degrees | Latitude of associated MSLP minima. |
Mean Sea Level Pressure | MSLP | hPa | Value of associated MSLP minima. |
Longitude (925wind) | Longitude | degrees | Longitude of associated 925 hPa wind speed maxima within 6° of vorticity centre. |
Latitude (925wind) | Latitude | degrees | Latitude of associated 925 hPa wind speed maxima within 6° of vorticity centre. |
925hP Wind Speed | ws925 | m s-1 | Value of associated 925 hPa wind speed maxima within 6° of vorticity centre. |
Longitude (10m wind) | Longitude | degrees | Longitude of associated 10m wind speed maxima within 6° of vorticity centre. |
Latitude (10m wind) | Latitude | degrees | Latitude of associated 10m wind speed maxima within 6° of vorticity centre. |
10m Wind Speed | ws10m | m s-1 | Value of associated 10m wind speed maxima within 6° of vorticity centre. |
Longitude (925wind3deg) | Longitude | degrees | Longitude of associated 925 hPa wind speed maxima over land within 3° of vorticity centre. |
Latitude (925wind3deg) | Latitude | degrees | Latitude of associated 925 hPa wind speed maxima over land within 3° of vorticity centre. |
925hP Wind Speed | ws925.3deg | m s-1 | Value of associated 925 hPa wind speed maxima over land within 3° of vorticity centre. |
Longitude (10m wind3deg) | Longitude | degrees | Longitude of associated 10m wind speed maxima over land within 3° of vorticity centre. |
Latitude (10m wind3deg) | Latitude | degrees | Latitude of associated 10m wind speed maxima over land within 3° of vorticity centre. |
10m Wind Speed | ws10m.3deg | m s-1 | Value of associated 10m wind speed maxima over land within 3° of vorticity centre. |
Input Data
The input data to the cyclone track production is summarised in Table 3 and described below.
Table 3: Overview of climate model data for input to Operational Storm Track, summarizing the model properties and available scenario simulations.Anchor table3 table3
Input Data | ||||
Model name | Model centre | Scenario | Period | Resolution |
ERA5 | ECMWF | Reanalysis | 1979-2020 | ~30km |
Input Data 1
ERA5 Reanalysis
Data from the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis (Hersbach et al, 2020) extracted directly from the mars archive for the period 1979-2020 at 3 hourly intervals for the seasonal period of October to March when the majority of European wind storms occur. The 850hPa relative vorticity is spectrally filtered prior to applying the tracking algorithm. Full resolution MSLP, 925hPa winds and 10m winds are also added to the cyclone tracks.
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M. A., Thornton, H. E., and Youngman, B. D. (2014) The XWS open access catalogue of extreme European windstorms from 1979 to 2012, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 2487-2501
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This document has been produced in the context of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). The activities leading to these results have been contracted by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, operator of C3S on behalf of the European Union (Delegation agreementAgreement signed on 11/11/2014 and Contribution Agreement signed on 22/07/2021). All information in this document is provided "as is" and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose. The users thereof use the information at their sole risk and liability. For the avoidance of all doubt , the European Commission and the European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts have no liability in respect of this document, which is merely representing the author's view. |
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