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CAMS reanalysis strengths compared to the MACC reanalysis

  • Newer model cycle (CY42R1)

  • Higher temporal resolution

  • Longer 48-forecasts from 0 UTC

  • Chemistry routines included in IFS
  • More chemical analysis fields available
  • All chemistry archived in MARS
  • Newer, reprocessed satellite retrievals assimilated
  • Ozone and aerosols are used interactively in radiation scheme.

CAMS reanalysis strengths compared to the CAMS interim reanalysis

  • Newer model cycle (CY42R1)

  • Higher temporal and spatial resolution

  • Longer 48-forecasts from 0 UTC

  • More chemical analysis fields available
  • Newer, reprocessed satellite retrievals assimilated
  • Ozone and aerosols are used interactively in radiation scheme.

ERA5 strengths compared to ERA-Interim

  • Much higher spatial and temporal resolution

  • Information on variation in quality over space and time

  • Much improved troposphere

  • Improved representation of tropical cyclones

  • Better global balance of precipitation and evaporation

  • Better precipitation over land in the deep tropics

  • Better soil moisture

  • More consistent sea surface temperature and sea ice

Comparison table

This table highlights major differences between ERA-Interim and ERA5the CAMS reanalysis, the MACC reanalysis and the CAMS interim reanalysis . There are many additional differences, in particular changes to the computation of individual atmospheric parameters (due to the change in the assimilation system from 31r2 36r1 and 40r2 to 41r2), differences due to changes in the assimilated atmospheric composition datasets that are not listed here.


MACC reanalysisCAMS interim reanalysisCAMS reanalysis
Exp IDexp=rean, class=mcexp=eac3, class=mcexp=eac4, class=mc
Period covered2003 - 20122003 - 20182003 - present (though only 2003 - Dec 2022)
Production PeriodMarch 2010 – Feb 2012Dec 2014-Dec 2016, then continued in NRTJan 2017 –  Dec 2018
 ERA-InterimERA5Period covered1979 - present1950 - presentProduction PeriodAugust 2006 – end 2018Jan 2016 – end 2017
, then continued in near real-time
Assimilation systemIFS Cycle 36r1 4D-Var

IFS Cycle

31r2

40r2 (2003-2015) 4D-Var

IFS Cycle 41r1 (2016 - ...  ) 4D-Var

IFS Cycle
41r2
42r1 4D-Var
Spatial resolution
79
80 km globally (T255), 60 levels to 0.1 hPa
31
110 km globally
, 62km for the Ensemble of Data Assimilations (EDA), 137
(T159), 60 levels to 0.1 hPa80 km globally (T255), 60 levels to 0.
01
1 hPa
Output frequency (temporal resolution)

6-hourly analysis fields

Forecast fields on surface and pressure levels 3

3-hourly forecast fields from 0 UTC up to 24 hours

, with reduced frequency up to 10 daysHourly

6-hourly analysis fields

,

3-hourly

for the Ensemble of Data Assimilations (EDA)

Hourly forecast fields, 3-hourly for the Ensemble of Data Assimilations (EDA), up to 18 hours, with reduced frequency up to 10 days (not in initial release)

Uncertainty estimatesNoneFrom a 10-member Ensemble of Data Assimilations (EDA) at 63 km resolutionModel inputAs in operations (inconsistent SST)Appropriate for climate (e.g. CMIP5 greenhouse gases, volcanic eruptions, SST and sea-ice cover)Input observationsAs in ERA-40 and from Global Telecommunication SystemIn addition, various newly reprocessed datasets and recent instruments that could not be ingested in ERA-InterimVariational bias schemeSatellite radiancesAlso ozone, aircraft and surface pressure dataSatellite dataRTTOV-7, clear-sky, 1D-VAR rainy radiancesRTTOV-11, all-sky for various componentsNew parametersERA-Interim contains about 100 parameters on surface and single level alone, plus parameters on other level types.

ERA5 contains over 240 parameters on surface and single level alone, plus parameters on other level types. For specific parameters please compare the technical documentation linked below.

Parameters removed

A few parameters present in ERA-Interim are not available in ERA5. For availability of specific parameters please see the technical documentation linked below.

Handling of accumulated parametersAccumulated from the beginning of the forecast

Accumulated from previous post-processing

Product main pagehttp://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/era-interimhttp://climate.copernicus.eu/climate-reanalysisTechnical documentationBerrisford et al 2011: The ERA-Interim archive Version 2.0 ERA5 data documentationAdditional innovations Long-term evolution of CO2 in RTTOV, cell-pressure correction SSU, improved bias correction for radiosondes, EDA perturbations for sea-ice cover

...

forecast fields from 6 and 18 UTC up to 12 hours

3-hourly analysis fields

3-hourly forecast fields from 0 UTC up to 48 hours

1-hourly surface forecast fields from 0 UTZ up to 48 hours

Anthropogenic missions

Chemistry species: MACCity (trend: ACCMIP + RCP8.5),

Aerosols: AEROCOM

MACCity (trend: ACCMIP + RCP8.5) & CO emission upgrade Stein et al. (2014) for chemistry and aerosols

MACCity (trend: ACCMIP + RCP8.5) & CO emission upgrade Stein et al. (2014)
Biomass burning emissions

GFED (2003–2008) and

GFAS v0 (2009–2012 )

GFAS v 1.2GFAS v 1.2
Biogenic emissions

Monthly mean VOC emissions for the year 2003 calculated by the MEGAN2.1 model (Guenther et al., 2006) used for the whole period. No interannual variability.


Monthly mean VOC emissions calculated by the MEGAN2.1 model (Guenther et al., 2006) using MERRA reanalysed meteorology (Sindelarova et al., 2014) for the period 2003-2010.  For the remaining years 2011–2017  aclimatology data set of the MEGAN-MACC data was put together.

Monthly mean VOC emissions calculated by the MEGAN model using MERRA reanalysed meteorology (Sindelarova et al., 2014) for the whole period.
Chemistry modulesCTM MOZART3 coupled to the IFS (see Flemming et al. 2009)IFS CB05 (Flemming et al. 2015)  & Cariolle ozone parametrisation in stratosphereIFS CB05 (Flemming et al. 2015, with updates as given in CAMS: Reanalysis data documentation) & Cariolle ozone parametrisation in stratosphere
Aerosol modulesMocrette et al. (2009) Mocrette et al. (2009) plus changes described in Flemming et al. (2017)
See CAMS: Reanalysis data documentation
Input meteorological observationsOPS (stream=DA)

OPS (stream=DCDA)

As in ERA5 (2003-2016?)

OPS for later years

Input atmospheric composition observationsSee Inness et al 2013 and MACC: Reanalysis of global atmospheric composition (2003 - 2012)See Flemming et al. 2017See CAMS reanalysis data documentation
Aerosol used in radiation schemeTegen climatologyTegen climatologyInteractive active aerosols, i.e. aerosol fields from eac4 used in radiation scheme
Ozone used in radiation schemeGEMS climatology

GEMS climatology (2003-2015)

MACC climatology (2016 - ...)

Interactive ozone, i.e. ozone field from eac4 used in radiation scheme
ParametersAerosol fields and CO, HCHO, NO2, O3, SO2 available from MARS, additional chemistry fields from MOZART CTM available as netcdf fields on requestAerosol fields and a limited number of chemistry fields available from MARS.

Full chemistry outputarchived as type=an every 3 hours (see parameter lists on CAMS: Reanalysis data documentation)

Stratospheric chemistryYesNo, but Cariolle ozone parametrisation in stratosphere and stratospheric O3 available.No, but Cariolle ozone parametrisation in stratosphere and stratospheric O3 available.
Product main page

MACC Reanalysis of global atmospheric composition (2003 - 2012)

contact Copernicus HelpdeskCAMS: Reanalysis data documentation
Technical documentation

Inness et al 2013: The MACC reanalysis: an 8 yr data set of atmospheric composition

MACC: Reanalysis of global atmospheric composition (2003 - 2012)

Flemming et al. 2017: The CAMS interim Reanalysis of Carbon Monoxide, Ozone and Aerosol for 2003–2015

CAMS: Reanalysis data documentation


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This document has been produced in the context of theCopernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS).

The activities leading to these results have been contracted by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, operator of CAMS on behalf of the European Union (Delegation Agreement signed on 11/11/2014 and Contribution Agreement signed on 22/07/2021). All information in this document is provided "as is" and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose.

The users thereof use the information at their sole risk and liability. For the avoidance of all doubt , the European Commission and the European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts have no liability in respect of this document, which is merely representing the author's view.

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