The Climate Change Adaptation Digital Twin - delivering global high-quality climate information at scales that matter to society
Simulations
The table below provides an overview of available and planned simulations. Data access instructions can be found after the table.
control simulation: repetitive 1950 forcing with no change in forcing over time. This simulation allows to quantify model drift and simulated inter-annual variability and provides relevant context for interpreting historical and scenario simulations.
historical simulation: starting in 1990, the forcing follows observed changes in greenhouse gases, aerosols
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etc. until 2020. The simulations are using standardised CMIP6 forcing. Historical simulations are essential for model evaluation and quality control as they allow a comparison to observations.
future projection: to project how climate will change on a global and local scale in the future, forcing changes according to the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 3-7.0 scenario from ScenarioMIP. The SSP3-7.0 scenario explores a future with a continuous increase in CO2 emissions with no strong mitigation efforts. In phase 1, all DestinE simulations follow this scenario. In the future, alternative future scenarios will be explored.
storyline simulations: storyline simulations offer a what-if capability to explore how a weather event we experienced in the recent past would change in a warmer climate. The simulations also allow attribution of weather events to climate change by comparing present-day with pre-industrial storyline simulations of the same event. To constrain simulated weather events, a nudging approach is used to keep the simulated large-scale flow close to ERA5 for the period 2017 – 2023. Processes on smaller scales and thermodynamic processes are free to evolve, which allows scientists to study e.g. how extreme precipitation would change in a warmer world for a weather event observed in present-day conditions.
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Initial conditions are taken from ocean-only spinup simulations for 1950 and 2017, and from the
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IFS-FESOM projection for a +2 °C world.
spinup strategy: for coupled climate simulations, it is essential to bring the ocean close to an equilibrated state before launching the coupled simulation. For the historical simulations, the ocean models are initialised from a reanalysis in 1985, and then forced by ERA5 for 5 years. In 1990, a coupled 2-year spinup with perpetual 1990 forcing
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starts from the ocean-only spinup to reduce the coupling shock. This coupled spinup is then used to provide the initial conditions for the historical simulations. For the scenario simulations, the ocean-only spinup is running from 2015 – 2019 with ERA5 forcing and is directly initialising the coupled future projection with no coupled spinup. The Climate DT will continue to explore and improve spinup strategies in the future.
Type of simulation | Model | resolution atmosphere | resolution ocean | planned | available |
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control (HighResMIP |
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/control) | IFS-NEMO | 10 km | 1/12° | 10 – 30 years | not yet available |
ICON | 10 km | 5 km | 10 – 30 years | not yet available | |
historical (CMIP6 |
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/hist) | IFS-NEMO | 10 km | 1/12° | 1990 – 2019 |
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01/1990 – 12/1996 | ||||
ICON | 10 km | 5 km | 1990 – 2019 |
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03/ |
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1991 – |
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10/ |
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2005 | |
IFS- |
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FESOM |
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10 km | 5 km | 1990 – 2019 | not yet available | |
future projection (ScenarioMIP/SSP3-7.0) | IFS-NEMO | 5 km | 1/12° | 2020 – 2039 |
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02/2020 – 12/ |
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2039 | ||||
ICON | 5 km | 5 km | 2020 – 2039 |
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09/2020 – |
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09/ |
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2033 | ||||
IFS-FESOM | 10 km | 5 km | 2020 – 2049 |
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not yet available | |||||
storyline control (story-nudging/control) | IFS-FESOM | 10 km | 5 km | 2017 – 2023 | 01/2017 – 12/2023 |
storyline present-day (story-nudging/hist) | IFS-FESOM | 10 km | 5 km | 2017 – 2023 | 01/2017 – 12/ |
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2023 |
storyline |
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+2 °C (story-nudging/Tplus2.0K) | IFS-FESOM | 10 km | 5 km | 2017 – 2023 | 01/2017 – 12/ |
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2023 |
Data availability
Model output can be retrieved
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using the polytope service via the DestinE Service Platform, with examples on
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usage here.
Data is provided on a HEALPIX grid for both models.
Data is provided on various levtype
values, for different parameters. See the expandable tree below or the DestinE ClimateDT Parameters page for more information.
The levtype values are as follows:
hl
: Height level field. The keylevelist
is used to specify the level in metres (e.g. 100). For parameters at height > 10m.o2d
: 2D ocean field. Note that this can be the ocean surface, or other 2D levels such as at 2 metres or total column integrations.o3d
: 3D ocean field. The keylevelist
is used to specify the index of the level. Technical details of these levels can be found here for ICON and here for IFS-NEMO.pl
: Pressure level field. The keylevelist
is used to specify the level in hPa (e.g. 1000).sfc
: 2D atmospheric surface field. Note that this can be the earth surface, or other 2D levels such as at 2 metres or total column integrationssol
: 3D multi-level model field. This encompasses fields from soil, sea-ice and snow model which use multi-layer schemes. The keylevelist
is used to specify the index of the level.
For example, retrieve future projection (SSP3-7.0) data, parameters "Surface pressure" (param 134) and "2 metre temperature" (param 167), on 2nd January 2020 at times 0000 to 0600 every hour:
Code Block |
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request = {
'class': 'd1',
'dataset': 'climate-dt',
'activity': 'ScenarioMIP',
'experiment': 'SSP3-7.0',
'expver': '0001',
'model': 'IFS-NEMO',
'generation': '1',
'realization': '1',
'resolution': 'high',
'date': '20200102',
'time': '0000/0100/0200/0300/0400/0500/0600',
'stream': 'clte',
'type': 'fc',
'levtype': 'sfc',
'param': '134/167'
} |
Modifying the request can then be performed based on the following structure of the available data (click the tree to unfold additional sections):
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