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The equatorial differences in zonal wind in ERA-Interim in the lower stratosphere (Fig. 5) are smaller than those in ERA5, though above in the mid to upper stratosphere, the differences are somewhat larger than those in ERA5. In the mesosphere, the differences in ERA-Interim are much smaller than those in ERA5. The spread in the wind in the ERA5 10 member ensemble (Fig. 6) is generally below 2 ms-1 except at low latitudes above about 0.2 hPa, where values can exceed 5 ms-1.
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| Fig. 7 | Fig. 8 |
The ERA5 transition differences for specific humidity (Fig. 7) are generally small apart from in the mesosphere, particularly at low latitudes above 0.05 hPa.
In summary, the ERA5 transition in 2009/2010 exhibits small differences in the mesosphere that troposphere, but the mesosphere is problematic. There, the differences exceed those in ERA-Interim and which are much larger than the ensemble spread.
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