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Dataset | Variables | What it is | Grib units | Netcdf Units | To get the average energy flux (Wm-2) | To get the average energy flux for a day (Wm-2) | To get the average energy flux for a month (Wm-2) | To get the average energy flux for a year (Wm-2) | |||||||||||
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ERA5 daily data | Surface Solar Radiation (SSR) | Accumulations are over the hour (the processing period) ending at the forecast step | Jm-2 | Jm-2 |
Average flux over the one hour ending at forecast step. |
The average flux over 24 hours is the sum of the individual fluxes for each hour divided by the number of seconds in a day. |
where N is the number of days in the month. The average flux over a month is the sum of the individual fluxes for each day divided by the number of seconds in the month. |
where N is the number of days in the year. The average flux over a year is the sum of the individual fluxes for each day divided by the number of seconds in the year. | |||||||||||
ERA5 daily ensemble data | SSR | Accumulations are over the 3 hours (the processing period) ending at the forecast step | Jm-2 | Jm-2 |
Average flux over the three hours ending at forecast step. |
where h are the day timesteps available: 03 UTC, 06 UTC, 09 UTC, 12 UTC, 15 UTC, 18 UTC, 21 UTC and 00 UTC of the day after. The average flux over 24 hours is the sum of 8 3-hour fluxes divided by the number of seconds in a day. |
where h are the day timesteps available: 03 UTC, 06 UTC, 09 UTC, 12 UTC, 15 UTC, 18 UTC, 21 UTC and 00 UTC of the day after and n is the number of days in the month. The average flux over a month is the sum of the individual fluxes for each day (computed as the sum of 8 3-hour fluxes) divided by the number of seconds in the month. |
where h are the day timesteps available: 03 UTC, 06 UTC, 09 UTC, 12 UTC, 15 UTC, 18 UTC, 21 UTC and 00 UTC of the day after and N is the number of days in the year. The average flux over a year is the sum of the individual fluxes for each day (computed as the sum of 8 3-hour fluxes) divided by the number of seconds in the year. | |||||||||||
ERA5 monthly averaged data | SSR | Monthly means of mean daily fluxes The accumulations in monthly means of daily means have been scaled to have units that include "per day" | Jm-2 | Jm-2 | N/A | N/A |
where N is the number of days in the month.
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where Nm is the number of days in the month m, and D is the number of days in the year.
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ERA5 monthly averaged ensemble data | SSR | Monthly means of mean daily fluxes The accumulations in monthly means of daily means have been scaled to have units that include "per day" | Jm-2 | Jm-2 | N/A | N/A |
where N is the number of days in the month.
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where Nm is the number of days in the month m, and D is the number of days in the year.
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ERA5-Land hourly data | SSR | Accumulations are from 00 UTC to the hour ending at the forecast step
| Jm-2 | Jm-2 |
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where d is the day for which the average flux is being computed. The time step labelled d+1 00UTC is selected because it contains the accumulated flux over the previous 24 hours. |
where d is the day for which the average flux is being computed and N is the number of days in the month. The time step labelled d+1 00UTC because it contains the accumulated flux over the previous 24 hours. This implies that the sum goes from the 2nd of the month to the 1st of the next month, inclusive. |
where d is the day for which the average flux is being computed and N is the number of days in the year. The time step labelled d+1 00UTC because it contains the accumulated flux over the previous 24 hours. This implies that the sum goes from 2nd January of the year to 1st January of the next year, inclusive. | |||||||||||
ERA5-Land monthly averaged data | SSR | Accumulations are created from data with a forecast period falling within the month. Monthly means of daily means for accumulations are created from the last forecast step (24) of the forecasts for each day of the month. The accumulations in monthly means of daily means have been scaled to have units that include "per day" | Jm-2 | Jm-2 | N/A | N/A |
where N is the number of days in the month.
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where Nm is the number of days in the month m, and D is the number of days in the year.
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Seasonal daily data | SSR | 24 hour aggregation since the beginning of the forecast | Jm-2 | Jm-2 | N/A |
where t2 is the day of interest, t1 is the day before t2, SSRt2 is the SSR at t2, and SSRt1 is the SSR at t1 |
where t2 is the 1st day of month after the month of interest, t1 is 1st day of month before t2, N is number of days in month of interest, SSRt2 is the SSR at t2, and SSRt1= is the SSR at t1. | N/A For seasonal forecasts, as data only cover 7 months | |||||||||||
Seasonal monthly data | SSR | The accumulations in monthly means have units that include "per second". | Wm-2 | Wm-2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A For seasonal forecasts, as data only cover 7 months |
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