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spinup strategy: for coupled climate simulations, it is essential to bring the ocean close to an equilibrated state before launching the coupled simulation. For the historical simulations, the ocean models are initialised from a reanalysis in 1985, and then forced by ERA5 for 5 years. In 1990, a coupled 2-year spinup with perpetual 1990 forcing start from the ocean-only spinup to reduce the coupling shock. This coupled spinup is then used to provide the initial conditions for the historical simulations. For the scenario simulations, the ocean-only spinup is running from 2015 – 2019 with ERA5 forcing and is directly initialising the coupled future projection with no coupled spinup. The Climate DT will continue to explore and improve spinup strategies in the future.

Data availability

Model output can be retrieved via the polytope service with examples on usage here.

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• hl : Height level field. The key levelist is used to specify the level in metres (e.g. 100). For parameters at height > 10m.
• o2d : 2D ocean field. Note that this can be the ocean surface, or other 2D levels such as at 2 metres or total column integrations.
• o3d : 3D ocean field. The key levelist is used to specify the index of the level. Technical details of these levels can be found here for ICON and here for IFS-NEMO.
• pl : Pressure level field. The key levelist is used to specify the level in hPa (e.g. 1000).
• sfc : 2D atmospheric surface field. Note that this can be the earth surface, or other 2D levels such as at 2 metres or total column integrations
• sol : 3D multi-level model field. This encompasses fields from soil, sea-ice and snow model which use multi-layer schemes. The key levelist is used to specify the index of the level.

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