Introduction
Storm Karl affected northern Europe regionally with high-impact weather at the end of September 2016. The storm was created through extra-tropical conversion of a previous Tropical Storm event. When crossing the North Atlantic it merged with other lower pressure systems and invigorated, resulting in high wind speeds in Scotland and intense precipitation (with local flooding) in Norway.
This storm event was studied extensively during the NAWDEX flight campaign in connection with atmospheric moisture transport. The following table points to some of the published material related to the situation in the North Atlantic during this time period.
Literature
The table below points to material related to this storm event:
| Publications | Andreas Schäfler et al., The North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment, BAMS, 1607-1637, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0003.1 |
| Web sites | NAWDEX flight campaign web portals of various project partners: DLR, KIT, ETHZ |
| Other material | Presentation by Ben Harvey (University of Reading) at the 5th OpenIFS User Meeting 2019 (PDF) US National Hurricane Center Tropical Cyclone Report - Tropical Storm Karl (PDF) |
Important dates
| 12 Sep 2016 | Karl forms from tropical wave on the western coast of Africa) | tropical storm phase |
| 15 Sep 2016 | Karl strengthens into a tropical storm | |
| 21 Sep 2016 | Karl weakens to a depression | |
| 25 Sep 2016 | Karl strengthens again and reaches peak intensity (0600 UTC) | |
| 25 Sep 2016 | Karl undergoes extra tropical conversion (12 UTC) | extra-tropical storm |
| 26 Sep 2016 | Karl merges with another ET low pressure system | |
OpenIFS initial experiment data
table with tgz data packs
Suggested experiments and sensitivity studies
lhboxmodify case explained
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