Annex I Data Variables

Below are described all the requirements for encoding the output variables.

Please note that as baseline variables were used the list of variables in the C3S. However, a variable subset could be perfectly used by any simulation or project. The purpose of this document is to provide encoding standards and recommendations for archiving the output of a model, hence the definition of the list of variables that will be used in each project is out of the scope of this document. Additional variables which are not described below shall be included in the next versions of the encoding standards.

Common attributes

The following attributes must be included in all the variables.

attribute name	value	comment
grid_mapping	hcrs

Conditional attributes

The following attributes may be included in the attribute list for a given variable if the conditions specified below are fulfilled.

attribute name	value	Condition
_FillValue	Set by netCDF library	Those attributes must be included ONLY when the variable has missing values. If they are NOT present in the actual data field values, they should NOT be included as variable attributes.
missing_value	Set by netCDF library

Optional attributes

The following attributes are optional and can be included in all relevant variables depending on the need of the project.

attribute name	value	comment
valid_max		may be included in the attribute list for a given variable
valid_min		may be included in the attribute list for a given variable

valid range attributes

Both "valid_min" and "valid_max" attributes should be included as variable attributes, but a set of sensible values for each and every variable needs to be provided.

In the meantime, it is proposed not to include them and just bear in mind that they will be required to be introduced at some point in the future.

Static Fields

The following variables define the static field as used in the C3S.

attributes

name
(CMIP5)

dimensions

standard_name

long_name
(CMIP5)

units

coordinates

valid_min

valid_max

global attributes

Note

sftlf

lat,lon

land_area_fraction

"Land Area Fraction"

1

"lat lon"

0

1

"frequency":"fix"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"

orog

lat,lon

surface_altitude

"Surface Altitude"

m

"lat lon"

"frequency":"fix"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"

Surface Fields (defined at a given height level)

The following table provides the encoding standards for all the surface variables defined at a given height level. The baseline list of variables is the variables used in the C3S.

name (CMIP5/6&C3S)	dimensions	standard_name	long_name (CMIP5/6&C3S)	units	coordinates	cell_methods	global attributes	Note
		attributes
tas	leadtime,lat,lon	air_temperature	"Near-Surface Air Temperature"	K	"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency": "<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	height is usually 2m height:valid_min = 1.; height:valid_max = 10. ; For C3S: "frequency":"6hr"
tasmax	leadtime,lat,lon	air_temperature	"Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air Temperature"	K	"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon"	"leadtime: maximum (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency": "<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	height is usually 2m height:valid_min = 1.; height:valid_max = 10. ; leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day" The interval is required to have a value<=3 hours)
tasmin	leadtime,lat,lon	air_temperature	"Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air Temperature"	K	"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon"	"leadtime: minimum (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	height is usually 2m height:valid_min = 1.; height:valid_max = 10. ; leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day" The interval is required to have a value<=3 hours)
tdps	leadtime,lat,lon	dew_point_temperature	"2m Dewpoint Temperature"	K	"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	height is usually 2m height:valid_min = 1.; height:valid_max = 10. ; For C3S: "frequency":"6hr"
uas	leadtime,lat,lon	x_wind	Eastward Near-Surface Wind	m s-1	"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	height is usually 10m height:valid_min = 1.; height:valid_max = 30. ; For C3S: "frequency":"6hr"
vas	leadtime,lat,lon	y_wind	Northward Near-Surface Wind	m s-1	"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	height is usually 10m height:valid_min = 1.; height:valid_max = 30. ; For C3S: "frequency":"6hr"
wsgmax N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	wind_speed_of_gust	"Maximum Wind Speed of Gust" N/A in CMIP	m s-1	"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon"	"leadtime: maximum (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	height is usually 10m height:valid_min = 1.; height:valid_max = 30. ; leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day" The interval is required to have a value<=3 hours)
ua100m	leadtime,lat,lon	x_wind	Eastward Wind at 100m	m s-1	"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"6hr" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	height=100m;
va100m	leadtime,lat,lon	y_wind	Northward Wind at 100m	m s-1	"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"6hr" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	height=100m;

Surface Fields (not defined at a height level)

The following table provides the encoding standards for all the surface variables that are not defined at a given height level. The baseline list of variables is the variables used in the C3S.

name (CMIP5/6&C3S)	dimensions	standard_name	long_name (CMIP5/6&C3S)	units	coordinates	cell_methods	global attributes	NOTES
	attributes
psl	leadtime,lat,lon	air_pressure_at_sea_level	"Sea Level Pressure"	Pa	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	For C3S: "frequency":"6hr"
clt	leadtime,lat,lon	cloud_area_fraction	"Total Cloud Fraction"	1	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	For C3S: "frequency":"6hr"
tsl	leadtime,lat,lon	soil_temperature	"Temperature of Soil"	K	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land"	For C3S: "frequency":"6hr"
tso	leadtime,lat,lon	sea_surface_temperature	"Sea Surface Temperature"	K	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"ocean"	For C3S: "frequency":"6hr"
sitemptop N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	sea_ice_temperature	"Surface Temperature of Sea Ice" N/A in CMIP	K	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"seaIce"	For C3S: "frequency":"6hr"
sic	leadtime,lat,lon	sea_ice_area_fraction	"Sea Ice Area Fraction"	1	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"seaIce"	For C3S: "frequency":"day"
lwesnw N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount	"Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Surface Snow Amount" N/A in CMIP	m	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land"	For C3S: "frequency":"day"
rhosn N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	snow_density	"Snow Density" N/A in CMIP	kg m^-3	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land"	For C3S: "frequency":"day"
snc	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_snow_area_fraction	"Snow area percentage"	%	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land"	For C3S: "frequency":"day"
snd	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_snow_thickness	"Snow depth"	m	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point area: mean where snow" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land"	For C3S: "frequency":"day"
lweprs N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	lwe_thickness_of_stratiform_precipitation_amount	"Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Stratiform Precipitation Amount" N/A in CMIP	m	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: sum"	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
lweprc N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	lwe_thickness_of_convective_precipitation_amount	"Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Convective Precipitation Amount" N/A in CMIP	m	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: sum"	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
lwepr N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount	"Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Total Precipitation Amount" N/A in CMIP	m	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: sum"	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
lweprsn N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	lwe_thickness_of_snowfall_amount	"Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Snowfall Amount" N/A in CMIP	m	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: sum"	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
hfss	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux	"Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux"	W m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
hfls	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_upward_latent_heat_flux	"Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux"	W m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
rsds	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air	"Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation"	W m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
rlds	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air	"Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation"	W m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
rss	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux	"Net Shortwave Surface Radiation"	W m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
rls	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_net_downward_longwave_flux	"Net Longwave Surface Radiation"	W m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
rst N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	toa_net_downward_shortwave_flux	"TOA Net Shortwave Radiation" N/A in CMIP	W m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
rlt N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	toa_net_downward_longwave_flux	"TOA Net Longwave Radiation" N/A in CMIP	W m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is r equired. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
rsdt	leadtime,lat,lon	toa_incoming_shortwave_flux	"TOA Incident Shortwave Radiation"	W m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
tauu	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_downward_eastward_stress	"Surface Downward Eastward Wind Stress"	Pa	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
tauv	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_downward_northward_stress	"Surface Downward Northward Wind Stress"	Pa	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
lwee N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	lwe_thickness_of_water_evaporation_amount	"Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Evaporation Amount" N/A in CMIP	m	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: sum"	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
mrroa N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	runoff_amount	"Total Run-off Amount" N/A in CMIP	kg m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: sum"	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
mrroas N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_runoff_amount	"Surface Run-off Amount" N/A in CMIP	kg m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: sum"	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
mrroab N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	subsurface_runoff_amount	"Subsurface Run-off Amount" N/A in CMIP	kg m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: sum"	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
prw	leadtime,lat,lon	atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor	"Water Vapor Path"	kg m-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
cllvi N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_liquid_water	"Liquid Water Path" N/A in CMIP	kg m-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	GRIB: TCLW 78 In CMIP there is clwvi (but that is the sum of liquid+ice) For C3S: "frequency":"day"
clivi	leadtime,lat,lon	atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice	"Ice Water Path"	kg m-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	GRIB: TCIW 79 For C3S: "frequency":"day"
cnc	leadtime,vtype, lat,lon	vegetation_area_fraction	"Vegetation cover percentage"	%	"reftime realization time leadtime vegetation_type lat lon"	"leadtime: point area: mean where vegetation_type" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land"	For C3S: "frequency":"day"
lai	leadtime,vtype, lat,lon	lead_area_index	"Leaf area index"	m² m^{-2 (grib)} ^{1 cmip}	"reftime realization time leadtime vegetation_type lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land"	For C3S: "frequency":"day"
cll N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	low_type_cloud_area_fraction	"Low cloud cover percentage" N/A in CMIP	%	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	For C3S: "frequency":"day"
evspsblpot	leadtime,lat,lon	water_potential_evaporation_flux	"Potential Evaporation"	kg m-2 s-1	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is r equired. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	Long name is different from CMIP variable For C3S: "frequency":"day"
rstcs N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	toa_net_downward_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky	"TOA Net Shortwave Radiation, clear sky" N/A in CMIP	W m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is r equired. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
rltcs N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	toa_net_downward_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky	"TOA Net Longwave Radiation, clear sky" N/A in CMIP	W m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is r equired. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
rsscs N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky	"Net Shortwave Surface Radiation, clear sky" N/A in CMIP	W m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
rlscs N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_net_downward_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky	"Net Longwave Surface Radiation, clear sky" N/A in CMIP	W m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"day"
ts	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_temperature	"Surface temperature"	K	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos" or "land"	For C3S: "frequency":"day"
tsn	leadtime,lat,lon	temperature_in_surface_snow	"Snow internal temperature"	K	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	For C3S: "frequency":"day"
albs N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_albedo	"Surface albedo" N/A in CMIP	(0-1)	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	For C3S: "frequency":"day"
zrlms N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_roughness_length_for_momentum_in_air	surface roughness length for momentum N/A in CMIP	m	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land"	For C3S: "frequency":"day"
zrlhs N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	surface_roughness_length_for_heat_in_air	surface roughness length for heat N/A in CMIP	m	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land"	For C3S: "frequency":"day"
Daily average of subdaily (6-hours) variables
tasmean N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	air_temperature	"Daily Average Near-Surface Air Temperature" N/A in CMIP	K	"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	height is usually 2m height:valid_min = 1.; height:valid_max = 10. ; leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: The interval is required to have a value<=3 hours)
uasmean N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	x_wind	"Daily Average Eastward Near-Surface Wind"	m s-1	"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	height is usually 10m height:valid_min = 1.; height:valid_max = 30. ; leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: The interval is required to have a value<=3 hours)
vasmean N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	y_wind	"Daily Average Northward Near-Surface Wind"	m s-1	"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	height is usually 10m height:valid_min = 1.; height:valid_max = 30. ; leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: The interval is required to have a value<=3 hours)
cltmean N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	cloud_area_fraction	"Daily Average Total Cloud Fraction" N/A in CMIP	1	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: The interval is required to have a value<=3 hours)
tslmean N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	soil_temperature	"Daily Average Temperature of Soil" N/A in CMIP	K	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: The interval is required to have a value<=3 hours)
tsomean N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	sea_surface_temperature	"Daily Average Sea Surface Temperature" N/A in CMIP	K	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"ocean"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: The interval is required to have a value<=3 hours)
sitemptopmean N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	sea_ice_temperature	"Daily Average Surface Temperature of Sea Ice" N/A in CMIP	K	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"seaIce"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: The interval is required to have a value<=3 hours)

Soil Level Fields

name (CMIP5/6&C3S)	dimensions	standard_name	long_name (CMIP5/6&C3S)	units	coordinates	cell_methods	global attributes	Note
		attributes
mrlsl N/A in CMIP	leadtime,depth,lat,lon	moisture_content_of_soil_layer	"Water Content per Unit Area of Soil Layers"	kg m^-2	"reftime realization time leadtime depth lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "soil" "modeling_realm":"land"	For C3S: "frequency":"day"
tslsl N/A in CMIP	leadtime,depth,lat,long	soil_temperature	"Temperature of Soil"	K	"realization time depth lat lon"	"time: point"	"frequency": "<frequency_value>" "level_type": "soil" "modeling_realm":"land"	For C3S: "frequency":"6hr"
mrsolfrac N/A in CMIP	leadtime,depth,lat,lon	volume_fraction_of_condensed_water_in_soil	"Water Fraction of Soil Layers"	1	"reftime realization time leadtime depth lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "soil" "modeling_realm":"land"	For C3S: "frequency":"day"

Pressure Level Fields

The table below provides the encoding standards for all the atmospheric variables at pressure level. The baseline list of variables is the variables used in the C3S.

name (CMIP5)	dimensions	standard_name	long_name (CMIP5)	units	coordinates	cell_methods	global attributes	Note
		attributes
zg	leadtime,plev,lat,lon	geopotential_height	"Geopotential Height"	m	"reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "pressure" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	For C3S: "frequency":"12hr"
ta	leadtime,plev,lat,lon	air_temperature	"Air Temperature"	K	"reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "pressure" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	For C3S: "frequency":"12hr"
hus	leadtime,plev,lat,lon	specific_humidity	"Specific Humidity"	1	"reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "pressure" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	For C3S: "frequency":"12hr"
rv N/A in CMIP	leadtime,plev,lat,lon	atmosphere_relative_vorticity	"Relative Vorticity" N/A in CMIP	s^-1	"reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "pressure" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	For C3S: "frequency":"12hr"
wnddiv N/A in CMIP	leadtime,plev,lat,lon	divergence_of_wind	"Divergence of Wind" N/A in CMIP	s^-1	"reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "pressure" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	For C3S: "frequency":"12hr"
ua	leadtime,plev,lat,lon	x_wind	"Eastward Wind"	m s^-1	"reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "pressure" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	For C3S: "frequency":"12hr"
va	leadtime,plev,lat,lon	y_wind	"Northward Wind"	m s^-1	"reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon"	"leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended	"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "pressure" "modeling_realm":"atmos"	For C3S: "frequency":"12hr"

Ocean fields

The table below provides the encoding standards for all the ocean variables. The baseline list of variables is the variables used in the C3S.

		attributes
name (CMIP5/6&C3S)	dimensions	standard_name	long_name (CMIP5/6&C3S)	units	coordinates	cell_methods	valid_min	valid_max	global attributes	Note
sos	leadtime,lat,lon	sea_water_practical_salinity TBC CMIP standard name is Sea Surface Salinity	Sea Surface Salinity	1	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional			"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "ocean2d" "modeling_realm":"ocean"	dimensionless units are psu leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"mon"
t20d	leadtime,lat,lon	depth_of_isosurface_of_sea_water_potential_temperature	Depth of 20 degree Celsius Isotherm	m	"reftime realization time leadtime temperature lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional			"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "ocean2d" "modeling_realm":"ocean"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required temperature=20 For C3S: "frequency":"mon"
t26d N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	depth_of_isosurface_of_sea_water_potential_temperature	Depth of 26 degree Celsius Isotherm N/A in CMIP	m	"reftime realization time leadtime temperature lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional			"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "ocean2d" "modeling_realm":"ocean"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required temperature=26 For C3S: "frequency":"mon"
t28d N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	depth_of_isosurface_of_sea_water_potential_temperature	Depth of 28 degree Celsius Isotherm N/A in CMIP	m	"reftime realization time leadtime temperature lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional			"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "ocean2d" "modeling_realm":"ocean"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required temperature=28 For C3S: "frequency":"mon"
t14d N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	depth_of_isosurface_of_sea_water_potential_temperature	Depth of 14 degree Celsius Isotherm N/A in CMIP	m	"reftime realization time leadtime temperature lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional			"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "ocean2d" "modeling_realm":"ocean"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required temperature=14 For C3S: "frequency":"mon"
t17d N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	depth_of_isosurface_of_sea_water_potential_temperature	Depth of 17 degree Celsius Isotherm N/A in CMIP	m	"reftime realization time leadtime temperature lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional			"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "ocean2d" "modeling_realm":"ocean"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required temperature=17 For C3S: "frequency":"mon"
zos	leadtime,lat,lon	sea_surface_height_above_geoid	Sea Surface Height Above Geoid	m	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional			"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "ocean2d" "modeling_realm":"ocean"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"mon"
thetaot300	leadtime,lat,lon	sea_water_potential_temperature	Depth Average Potential Temperature of Upper 300m	K	"reftime realization time leadtime depth lat lon"	"depth: mean leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional			"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "ocean2d" "modeling_realm":"ocean"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required depth=300; depth_bnds=[0,300] For C3S: "frequency":"mon"
sot300 N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	sea_water_practical_salinity	Depth Average Salinity of Upper 300m N/A in CMIP	1	"reftime realization time leadtime depth lat lon"	"depth: mean leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional			"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "ocean2d" "modeling_realm":"ocean"	dimensionless units are psu leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required depth=300; depth_bnds=[0,300] For C3S: "frequency":"mon"
mlotstheta001 N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_theta follows S2S proposal (0.01) CMIP: uses standard name "ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_t"	Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness Defined by Sigma Theta 0.01 kg/m3	m	"reftime realization time leadtime sigma_theta lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. At least 6-h CF: interval is optional			"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "ocean2d" "modeling_realm":"ocean"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required sigma_theta=0.01 For C3S: "frequency":"mon"
mlotstheta003 N/A in CMIP	leadtime,lat,lon	ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_theta follows CMIP6 criterium (0.03) CMIP: uses standard name "ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_t"	Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness Defined by Sigma Theta 0.03 kg/m3	m	"reftime realization time leadtime sigma_theta lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional			"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "ocean2d" "modeling_realm":"ocean"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required sigma_theta=0.03 For C3S: "frequency":"mon"
sithick	leadtime,lat,lon	sea_ice_thickness	Sea Ice Thickness	m	"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon"	"leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>) area: mean where sea_ice" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional			"frequency":"<frequency_value>" "level_type": "ocean2d" "modeling_realm":"ocean"	leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required For C3S: "frequency":"mon"

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