Model Name | Modelling Centre | | ACCESS-CM2 (released in 2019) | CSIRO-ARCCSS (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science) | The model includes the components: aerosol: UKCA-GLOMAP-mode, atmos: MetUM-HadGEM3-GA7.1 (N96; 192 x 144 longitude/latitude; 85 levels; top level 85 km), land: CABLE2.5, ocean: ACCESS-OM2 (GFDL-MOM5, tripolar primarily 1deg; 360 x 300 longitude/latitude; 50 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: CICE5.1.2 (same grid as ocean). The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmosphere: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | ACCESS-ESM1-5 (released in 2019) | CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) | The model includes the components: aerosol: CLASSIC (v1.0), atmos: HadGAM2 (r1.1, N96; 192 x 145 longitude/latitude; 38 levels; top level 39255 m), land: CABLE2.4, ocean: ACCESS-OM2 (MOM5, tripolar primarily 1deg; 360 x 300 longitude/latitude; 50 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), ocnBgchem: WOMBAT (same grid as ocean), seaIce: CICE4.1 (same grid as ocean). The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmosphere: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | AWI-CM-1-1-MR (released in 2018) | AWI (Alfred Wegener Institute) | The model includes the components: atmos: ECHAM6.3.04p1 (T127L95 native atmosphere T127 gaussian grid; 384 x 192 longitude/latitude; 95 levels; top level 80 km), land: JSBACH 3.20, ocean: FESOM 1.4 (unstructured grid in the horizontal with 830305 wet nodes; 46 levels; top grid cell 0-5 m), seaIce: FESOM 1.4. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmos: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 25 km, seaIce: 25 km. | AWI-ESM-1-1-LR (released in 2018) | AWI (Alfred Wegener Institute) | The model includes the components: atmos: ECHAM6.3.04p1 (T63L47 native atmosphere T63 gaussian grid; 192 x 96 longitude/latitude; 47 levels; top level 80 km), land: JSBACH 3.20 with dynamic vegetation, ocean: FESOM 1.4 (unstructured grid in the horizontal with 126859 wet nodes; 46 levels; top grid cell 0-5 m), seaIce: FESOM 1.4.AWI-ESM 1.1 LR is an extension of the AWI-CM for earth system modelling. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmos: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km. | BCC-CSM2-MR (released in 2017) | BCC (Beijing Climate Center) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmosphere: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km. | BCC-ESM1 (released in 2017) | BCC (Beijing Climate Center) | includes the components: atmos: BCC_AGCM3_MR (T106; 320 x 160 longitude/latitude; 46 levels; top level 1.46 hPa), land: BCC_AVIM2, ocean: MOM4 (1/3 deg 10S-10N, 1/3-1 deg 10-30 N/S, and 1 deg in high latitudes; 360 x 232 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: SIS2.The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmosphere: 250 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 km, land: 250 100 km, ocean: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km. | CAMSBCC-CSM1-0 ESM1 (released in 20162017) | CAMS (Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences) | BCC (Beijing Climate Center) | The model includes the components: atmos: BCC_AGCM3_LR (T42; 128 x 64 longitude/latitude; 26 levels; top level 2.19 hPa), atmosChem: BCC-AGCM3-Chem, land: BCC_AVIM2, ocean: MOM4 (1/3 deg 10S-10N, 1/3-1 deg 10-30 N/S, and 1 deg in high latitudes; 360 x 232 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: SIS2.The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmosphere: 100 : 250 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 km, land: 100 250 km, ocean: 100 50 km, seaIce: 100 50 km. | CanESM5 CAMS-CSM1-0 (released in 20192016) | CCCma (Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and AnalysisCAMS (Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 500 km, atmosphere: 500 km, atmospheric chemistry: 500 km, land: 500 km, landIce: 500 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | CanESM5-CanOE (released in 2019) | CCCma (Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis) | CanESM5-CanOE is identical to CanESM5, except that CMOC (Canadian Model of Ocean Carbon ) was replaced with CanOE (Canadian Ocean Ecosystem model). includes the components: atmos: ECHAM5_CAMS (T106; 320 x 160 longitude/latitude; 31 levels; top level 10 mb), land: CoLM 1.0, ocean: MOM4 (tripolar; 360 x 200 longitude/latitude, primarily 1deg latitude/longitude, down to 1/3deg within 30deg of the equatorial tropics; 50 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: SIS 1.0.The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosolatmosphere: 500 100 km, atmos: 500 km, atmosChem: 500 km, land: 500 km, landIce: 500 100 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | CAS-ESM2-0 CanESM5 (released in 2019) | CAS (Chinese Academy of SciencesCCCma (Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis) | The model was run in native nominal resolutionsincludes the components: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | CESM2 | NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) | The Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) is a state-of-the-art coupled model that includes ocean, wave, land, land-ice, sea-ice, and river runoff models as well as both low-top and high-top full chemistry versions of atmospheric models. The model also includes biogeochemistryinteractive, atmos: CanAM5 (T63L49 native atmosphere, T63 Linear Gaussian Grid; 128 x 64 longitude/latitude; 49 levels; top level 1 hPa), atmosChem: specified oxidants for aerosols, land: CLASS3.6/CTEM1.2, landIce: specified ice sheets, ocean: NEMO3.4.1 (ORCA1 tripolar grid, 1 deg with refinement to 1/3 deg within 20 degrees of the equator; 361 x 290 longitude/latitude; 45 vertical levels; top grid cell 0-6.19 m), ocnBgchem: Canadian Model of Ocean Carbon (CMOC); NPZD ecosystem with OMIP prescribed carbonate chemistry, seaIce: LIM2. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 500 km, atmosatmosphere: 100 500 km, atmosChematmospheric chemistry: 100 500 km, land: 100 500 km, landIce: 5 500 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | CESM2CanESM5-FV2 CanOE (released in 2019) | NCAR CCCma (National Center for Atmospheric Research)Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis) | CanESM5-CanOE is identical to CanESM5, except that CMOC (Canadian Model of Ocean Carbon) was replaced with CanOE (Canadian Ocean Ecosystem model). The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 500 km, atmosphereatmos: 250 500 km, atmospheric chemistryatmosChem: 250 500 km, land: 250 500 km, landIce: 5 500 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistryocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | CESM2CAS-ESM2-WACCM 0 (released in 20182019) | NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric ResearchCAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) | The model was run in native nominal resolutionsincludes the components: aerosol: 100 kmIAP AACM, atmosphere: 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 100 km, land: 100 km, landIce: 5 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | CESM2-WACCM-FV2 (released in 2019) | NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) | atmos: IAP AGCM 5.0 (Finite difference dynamical core; 256 x 128 longitude/latitude; 35 levels; top level 2.2 hPa), atmosChem: IAP AACM, land: CoLM, ocean: LICOM2.0 (LICOM2.0, primarily 1deg; 362 x 196 longitude/latitude; 30 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), ocnBgchem: IAP OBGCM, seaIce: CICE4. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 100 km, atmosphere: 250 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 100 km, land: 250 100 km, landIce: 5 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | CESM2 | CIESM (released in 2017) | THU (Tsinghua University - Department of Earth System Science) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km. | | NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) | CMCC-CM2-SR5 (released in 2016) | CMCC (Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per I Cambiamenti Climatici) | The model includes the components: aerosol: MAM4 (same grid as atmos), atmos: CAM6 (0.9x1.25 finite volume grid; 288 x 192 longitude/latitude; 32 levels; top level 2.25 mb), atmosChem: MAM4 (same grid as atmos), land: CLM5 (same grid as atmos), landIce: CISM2.1, ocean: POP2 (320x384 longitude/latitude; 60 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), ocnBgchem: MARBL (same grid as ocean), seaIce: CICE5.1 (same grid as ocean). | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphereatmos: 100 km, atmosChem: 100 km, land: 100 km, landIce: 5 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | CNRMCESM2-CM6-1 FV2 (released in 20172019) | CNRM-CERFACS NCAR (National Center for Meteorological Research, Météo-France and CNRS laboratory, Climate Modeling and Global changeAtmospheric Research) | The model was run in native nominal resolutionsincludes the components: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, atmosChem: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km.
| CNRM-CM6-1-HR (released in 2017) | CNRM-CERFACS (National Center for Meteorological Research, Météo-France and CNRS laboratory, Climate Modeling and Global change) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 25 km, seaIce: 25 km. | CNRM-ESM2-1 (released in 2017) | CNRM-CERFACS (National Center for Meteorological Research, Météo-France and CNRS laboratory, Climate Modeling and Global change) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, atmosChem: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | MAM4 (same grid as atmos), atmos: CAM6 (1.9x2.5 finite volume grid; 144 x 96 longitude/latitude; 32 levels; top level 2.25 mb), atmosChem: MAM4 (same grid as atmos), land: CLM5 (same grid as atmos), landIce: CISM2.1, ocean: POP2 (320x384 longitude/latitude; 60 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), ocnBgchem: MARBL (same grid as ocean), seaIce: CICE5.1 (same grid as ocean). The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmosphere: 250 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 km, land: 250 km, landIce: 5 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | CESM2-WACCM (released in 2018) | NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) | The model includes the components: aerosol: MAM4 (same grid as atmos), atmos: WACCM6 (0.9x1.25 finite volume grid; 288 x 192 longitude/latitude; 70 levels; top level 4.5e-06 mb), atmosChem: MAM4 (same grid as atmos), land: CLM5 (same grid as atmos), landIce: CISM2.1, ocean: POP2 (320 x 384 longitude/latitude; 60 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), ocnBgchem: MARBL (same grid as ocean), seaIce: CICE5.1 (same grid as ocean). | E3SM-1-0 (released in 2018) | E3SM-Project LLNL (Energy Exascale Earth System Model, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 100 km, land: 100 km, oceanlandIce: 50 5 km, seaIceocean: 50 km. | E3SM-1-1 (released in 2019) | E3SM-Project RUBISCO (Energy Exascale Earth System Model, Reducing Uncertainty in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and COmputation) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 50 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 50 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 50 100 km. | E3SMCESM2-1WACCM-1-ECA FV2 (released in 2019) | E3SM-Project (Energy Exascale Earth System ModelNCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) | The model was run in native nominal resolutionsincludes the components: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 50 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km. | EC-Earth3 (released in 2019) | EC-Earth-Consortium | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmos: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | EC-Earth3-LR (released in 2019) | EC-Earth-Consortium | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmos: 250 km, land: 250 km, oceanMAM4 (same grid as atmos), atmos: WACCM6 (1.9x2.5 finite volume grid; 144 x 96 longitude/latitude; 70 levels; top level 4.5e-06 mb), atmosChem: MAM4 (same grid as atmos), land: CLM5 (same grid as atmos), landIce: CISM2.1, ocean: POP2 (320x384 longitude/latitude; 60 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), ocnBgchem: MARBL (same grid as ocean), seaIce: CICE5.1 (same grid as ocean). The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmosphere: 250 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 km, land: 250 km, landIce: 5 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | EC-Earth3-Veg CIESM (released in 20192017) EC-Earth-Consortium | THU (Tsinghua University - Department of Earth System Science) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmos: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | EC-Earth3-Veg-LR (released in 2019) | EC-Earth-Consortium | includes the components: aerosol: MAM4, atmos: CIESM-AM (FV/FD; 288 x 192 longitude/latitude; 30 levels; top level 2.255 hPa), atmosChem: trop_mam4, land: CIESM-LM (modified CLM4.5), ocean: CIESM-OM (FD, SCCGrid Displaced Pole; 720 x 560 longitude/latitude; 46 levels; top grid cell 0-6 m), seaIce: CICE4. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmos: 250 : aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 100 km, land: 250 100 km, ocean: 100 50 km, seaIce: 100 50 km. | FGOALSCMCC-f3CM2-L SR5 (released in 20172016) | CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) | CMCC (Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per I Cambiamenti Climatici) | The model includes the components: aerosol: MAM3, atmos: CAM5.3 (1deg; 288 x 192 longitude/latitude; 30 levels; top at ~2 hPa), land: CLM4.5 (BGC mode), ocean: NEMO3.6 (ORCA1 tripolar primarly 1 deg lat/lon with meridional refinement down to 1/3 degree in the tropics; 362 x 292 longitude/latitude; 50 vertical levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), seaIce: CICE4.0. The The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | FGOALSCNRM-CM6-g3 1 (released in 2017) | CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmosphere: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | FIO-ESM-2-0 (released in 2018) | FIO-QLNM (First Institute of Oceanography (FIO) and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM)) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | GFDL-AM4 (released in 2018) | NOAA-GFDL (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) | This is the Atmosphere and Land component (AM4.0.1) of GFDL coupled model CM4.0 for use in CMIP6. The vegetation, land and glacier models differ from AM4.0 in the following aspects: 1) dynamical vegetation was used instead the static vegetation used in AM4.0. 2) glacier albedo is retuned. 3) other minor tuning in the land model. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmos: 100 km, atmosChem: 100 km, land: 100 km, landIce: 100 km. | GFDL-CM4 (released in 2018) | NOAA-GFDL (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) | This is the GFDL physical coupled model CM4.0 for use in CMIP6. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmos: 100 km, atmosChem: 100 km, land: 100 km, landIce: 100 km, ocean: 25 km, ocnBgchem: 25 km, seaIce: 25 km. | GFDL-ESM4 (released in 2018) | NOAA-GFDL (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 100 km, land: 100 km, landIce: 100 km, ocean: 50 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km. | | CNRM-CERFACS (National Center for Meteorological Research, Météo-France and CNRS laboratory, Climate Modeling and Global change) | The model includes the components: aerosol: prescribed monthly fields computed by TACTIC_v2 scheme, atmos: Arpege 6.3 (T127; Gaussian Reduced with 24572 grid points in total distributed over 128 latitude circles (with 256 grid points per latitude circle between 30degN and 30degS reducing to 20 grid points per latitude circle at 88.9degN and 88.9degS); 91 levels; top level 78.4 km), atmosChem: OZL_v2, land: Surfex 8.0c, ocean: Nemo 3.6 (eORCA1, tripolar primarily 1deg; 362 x 294 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), seaIce: Gelato 6.1. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, atmosChem: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km.
| CNRM-CM6-1-HR (released in 2017) | CNRM-CERFACS (National Center for Meteorological Research, Météo-France and CNRS laboratory, Climate Modeling and Global change) | The model includes the components: aerosol: prescribed monthly fields computed by TACTIC_v2 scheme, atmos: Arpege 6.3 (T359; Gaussian Reduced with 181724 grid points in total distributed over 360 latitude circles (with 720 grid points per latitude circle between 32.2degN and 32.2degS reducing to 18 grid points per latitude circle at 89.6degN and 89.6degS); 91 levels; top level 78.4 km), atmosChem: OZL_v2, land: Surfex 8.0c, ocean: Nemo 3.6 (eORCA025, tripolar primarily 1/4deg; 1442 x 1050 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), seaIce: Gelato 6.1. | GISS-E2-1-G (released in 2019) | NASA-GISS (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Goddard Institute for Space Studies) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 100 km, atmosphere: 250 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 100 km, land: 250 100 km, ocean: 100 25 km, seaIce: 250 25 km. | GISSCNRM-E2ESM2-1-H 1 (released in 20192017) | NASACNRM-GISS CERFACS (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Goddard Institute for Space StudiesCenter for Meteorological Research, Météo-France and CNRS laboratory, Climate Modeling and Global change) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmosphere: 250 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 250 km. | GISS-E2-2-G (released in 2019) | NASA-GISS (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Goddard Institute for Space Studies) | includes the components: aerosol: TACTIC_v2, atmos: Arpege 6.3 (T127; Gaussian Reduced with 24572 grid points in total distributed over 128 latitude circles (with 256 grid points per latitude circle between 30degN and 30degS reducing to 20 grid points per latitude circle at 88.9degN and 88.9degS); 91 levels; top level 78.4 km), atmosChem: REPROBUS-C_v2, land: Surfex 8.0c, ocean: Nemo 3.6 (eORCA1, tripolar primarily 1deg; 362 x 294 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), ocnBgchem: Pisces 2.s, seaIce: Gelato 6.1. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmosphereatmos: 250 km, atmospheric chemistryatmosChem: 250 km, land: 250 km, landIceocean: 250 100 km, oceanocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | HadGEM3E3SM-GC311-LL 0 (released in 20162018) | MOHC NERC (Met Office Hadley Centre, Natural Environmental Research CouncilE3SM-Project LLNL (Energy Exascale Earth System Model, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) | The model was run in native nominal resolutionsincludes the components: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 25 km, seaIce: 25 km. | HadGEM3-GC31-MM (released in 2016) | MOHC (Met Office Hadley Centre) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 25 km, seaIce: 25 km. | | MAM4 with resuspension, marine organics, and secondary organics (same grid as atmos), atmos: EAM (v1.0, cubed sphere spectral-element grid; 5400 elements with p=3; 1 deg average grid spacing; 90 x 90 x 6 longitude/latitude/cubeface; 72 levels; top level 0.1 hPa), atmosChem: Troposphere specified oxidants for aerosols. Stratosphere linearized interactive ozone (LINOZ v2) (same grid as atmos), land: ELM (v1.0, cubed sphere spectral-element grid; 5400 elements with p=3; 1 deg average grid spacing; 90 x 90 x 6 longitude/latitude/cubeface; satellite phenology mode), MOSART (v1.0, 0.5 degree latitude/longitude grid), ocean: MPAS-Ocean (v6.0, oEC60to30 unstructured SVTs mesh with 235160 cells and 714274 edges, variable resolution 60 km to 30 km; 60 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: MPAS-Seaice (v6.0, same grid as ocean). The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km. | E3SM-1-1 (released in 2019) | E3SM-Project RUBISCO (Energy Exascale Earth System Model, Reducing Uncertainty in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and COmputation) | The model includes the components: aerosol: MAM4 with resuspension, marine organics, and secondary organics (same grid as atmos), atmos: EAM (v1.1, cubed sphere spectral-element grid; 5400 elements with p=3; 1 deg average grid spacing; 90 x 90 x 6 longitude/latitude/cubeface; 72 levels; top level 0.1 hPa), atmosChem: Troposphere specified oxidants for aerosols. Stratosphere linearized interactive ozone (LINOZ v2) (same grid as atmos), land: ELM (v1.1, same grid as atmos; active biogeochemistry using the Converging Trophic Cascade plant and soil carbon and nutrient mechanisms to represent carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles), MOSART (v1.1, 0.5 degree latitude/longitude grid), ocean: MPAS-Ocean (v6.0, oEC60to30 unstructured SVTs mesh with 235160 cells and 714274 edges, variable resolution 60 km to 30 km; 60 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), ocnBgchem: BEC (Biogeochemical Elemental Cycling model, NPZD-type with C/N/P/Fe/Si/O; same grid as ocean), seaIce: MPAS-Seaice (v6.0; same grid as ocean). The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 50 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km. | E3SM-1-1-ECA (released in 2019) | E3SM-Project (Energy Exascale Earth System Model) | The model includes the components: aerosol: MAM4 with resuspension, marine organics, and secondary organics (same grid as atmos), atmos: EAM (v1.1, cubed sphere spectral-element grid; 5400 elements with p=3; 1 deg average grid spacing; 90 x 90 x 6 longitude/latitude/cubeface; 72 levels; top level 0.1 hPa), atmosChem: Troposphere specified oxidants for aerosols. Stratosphere linearized interactive ozone (LINOZ v2) (same grid as atmos), land: ELM (v1.1, same as atmos; active biogeochemistry using the Equilibrium Chemistry Approximation to represent plant and soil carbon and nutrient mechanisms especially carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus limitation), MOSART (v1.1, 0.5 degree latitude/longitude grid), ocean: MPAS-Ocean (v6.0, oEC60to30 unstructured SVTs mesh with 235160 cells and 714274 edges, variable resolution 60 km to 30 km; 60 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), ocnBgchem: BEC (Biogeochemical Elemental Cycling model, NPZD-type with C/N/P/Fe/Si/O; same grid as ocean), seaIce: MPAS-Seaice (v6.0; same grid as ocean). The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 50 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km. | EC-Earth3 (released in 2019) | EC-Earth-Consortium | The model includes the components: atmos: IFS cy36r4 (TL255, linearly reduced Gaussian grid equivalent to 512 x 256 longitude/latitude; 91 levels; top level 0.01 hPa), land: HTESSEL (land surface scheme built in IFS), ocean: NEMO3.6 (ORCA1 tripolar primarily 1 deg with meridional refinement down to 1/3 degree in the tropics; 362 x 292 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), seaIce: LIM3. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmos: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | EC-Earth3-LR (released in 2019) | EC-Earth-Consortium | The model includes the components: atmos: IFS cy36r4 (TL159, linearly reduced Gaussian grid equivalent to 320 x 160 longitude/latitude; 62 levels; top level 5 hPa), land: HTESSEL (land surface scheme built in IFS), ocean: NEMO3.6 (ORCA1 tripolar primarily 1 degree with meridional refinement down to 1/3 degree in the tropics; 362 x 292 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), seaIce: LIM3. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmos: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | EC-Earth3-Veg (released in 2019) | EC-Earth-Consortium | The model includes the components: atmos: IFS cy36r4 (TL255, linearly reduced Gaussian grid equivalent to 512 x 256 longitude/latitude; 91 levels; top level 0.01 hPa), land: HTESSEL (land surface scheme built in IFS) and LPJ-GUESS v4, ocean: NEMO3.6 (ORCA1 tripolar primarily 1 degree with meridional refinement down to 1/3 degree in the tropics; 362 x 292 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), seaIce: LIM3. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmos: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | EC-Earth3-Veg-LR (released in 2019) | EC-Earth-Consortium | The model includes the components: atmos: IFS cy36r4 (TL159, linearly reduced Gaussian grid equivalent to 320 x 160 longitude/latitude; 62 levels; top level 5 hPa), land: HTESSEL (land surface scheme built in IFS) and LPJ-GUESS v4, ocean: NEMO3.6 (ORCA1 tripolar primarily 1 degree with meridional refinement down to 1/3 degree in the tropics; 362 x 292 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), seaIce: LIM3. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmos: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | FGOALS-f3-L (released in 2017) | CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) | The model includes the components: atmos: FAMIL2.2 (Cubed-sphere, c96; 360 x 180 longitude/latitude; 32 levels; top level 2.16 hPa), land: CLM4.0, ocean: LICOM3.0 (LICOM3.0, tripolar primarily 1deg; 360 x 218 longitude/latitude; 30 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: CICE4.0. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmosphere: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | FGOALS-g3 (released in 2017) | CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) | The model includes the components: atmos: GAMIL3 (180 x 80 longitude/latitude; 26 levels; top level 2.19hPa), land: CAS-LSM, ocean: LICOM3.0 (LICOM3.0, tripolar primarily 1deg; 360 x 218 longitude/latitude; 30 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: CICE4.0. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmosphere: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | FIO-ESM-2-0 (released in 2018) | FIO-QLNM (First Institute of Oceanography (FIO) and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM)) | The model includes the components: aerosol: Prescribed monthly fields, atmos: CAM4 (0.9x1.25 finite volume grid; 192 x 288 longitude/latitude; 26 levels; top level ~2 hPa), land: CLM4.0 (same grid at atmos), ocean: POP2-W (POP2 coupled with MASNUM surface wave model, Displaced Pole; 320 x 384 longitude/latitude; 60 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: CICE4.0 (same grid as ocean). The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | GFDL-AM4 (released in 2018) | NOAA-GFDL (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) | The model includes the components: aerosol: interactive, atmos: GFDL-AM4.0 (Cubed-sphere (c96) - 1 degree nominal horizontal resolution; 360 x 180 longitude/latitude; 33 levels; top level 1 hPa), atmosChem: fast chemistry, aerosol only, land: GFDL-LM4.0, landIce: GFDL-LM4.0. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmos: 100 km, atmosChem: 100 km, land: 100 km, landIce: 100 km. | GFDL-CM4 (released in 2018) | NOAA-GFDL (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) | The model includes the components: aerosol: interactive, atmos: GFDL-AM4.0.1 (Cubed-sphere (c96) - 1 degree nominal horizontal resolution; 360 x 180 longitude/latitude; 33 levels; top level 1 hPa), atmosChem: fast chemistry, aerosol only, land: GFDL-LM4.0.1 (1 degree nominal horizontal resolution; 360 x 180 longitude/latitude; 20 levels; bottom level 10m); land-Veg:unnamed (dynamic vegetation, dynamic land use); land-Hydro:unnamed (soil water and ice, multi-layer snow, rivers and lakes), landIce: GFDL-LM4.0.1, ocean: GFDL-OM4p25 (GFDL-MOM6, tripolar - nominal 0.25 deg; 1440 x 1080 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-2 m), ocnBgchem: GFDL-BLINGv2, seaIce: GFDL-SIM4p25 (GFDL-SIS2.0, tripolar - nominal 0.25 deg; 1440 x 1080 longitude/latitude; 5 layers; 5 thickness categories). The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmos: 100 km, atmosChem: 100 km, land: 100 km, landIce: 100 km, ocean: 25 km, ocnBgchem: 25 km, seaIce: 25 km. | GFDL-ESM4 (released in 2018) | NOAA-GFDL (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) | The model includes the components: aerosol: interactive, atmos: GFDL-AM4.1 (Cubed-sphere (c96) - 1 degree nominal horizontal resolution; 360 x 180 longitude/latitude; 49 levels; top level 1 Pa), atmosChem: GFDL-ATMCHEM4.1 (full atmospheric chemistry), land: GFDL-LM4.1, landIce: GFDL-LM4.1, ocean: GFDL-OM4p5 (GFDL-MOM6, tripolar - nominal 0.5 deg; 720 x 576 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-2 m), ocnBgchem: GFDL-COBALTv2, seaIce: GFDL-SIM4p5 (GFDL-SIS2.0, tripolar - nominal 0.5 deg; 720 x 576 longitude/latitude; 5 layers; 5 thickness categories). The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 100 km, land: 100 km, landIce: 100 km, ocean: 50 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km. | GISS-E2-1-G (released in 2019) | NASA-GISS (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Goddard Institute for Space Studies) | The model includes the components: aerosol: Varies with physics-version (p==1 none, p==3 OMA, p==4 TOMAS, p==5 MATRIX), atmos: GISS-E2.1 (2.5x2 degree; 144 x 90 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top level 0.1 hPa), atmosChem: Varies with physics-version (p==1 Non-interactive, p>1 GPUCCINI), land: GISS LSM, ocean: GISS Ocean (GO1, 1 degree; 360 x 180 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: GISS SI The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmosphere: 250 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 250 km. | GISS-E2-1-H (released in 2019) | NASA-GISS (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Goddard Institute for Space Studies) | The model includes the components: aerosol: Varies with physics-version (p==1 none, p==3 OMA, p==4 TOMAS, p==5 MATRIX), atmos: GISS-E2.1 (2.5x2 degree; 144 x 90 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top level 0.1 hPa), atmosChem: Varies with physics-version (p==1 Non-interactive, p>1 GPUCCINI), land: GISS LSM, ocean: HYCOM Ocean (~1 degree tripolar grid; 360 x 180 longitude/latitude; 32 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: GISS SI. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmosphere: 250 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 250 km. | GISS-E2-2-G (released in 2019) | NASA-GISS (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Goddard Institute for Space Studies) | The model includes the components: aerosol: varies with physics-version (p==1 none, p==3 OMA, p==4 TOMAS, p==5 MATRIX), atmos: GISS-E2.2 (High-top, 2 x 2.5 degrees; 144 x 90 longitude/latitude; 102 levels; top level 0.002 hPa), atmosChem: varies with physics-version (p==1 Non-interactive, p>1 GPUCCINI), land: GISS LSM, landIce: Fixed, ocean: GISS Ocean (GO1, 1 degree; 360 x 180 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-10m), seaIce: GISS SI. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmosphere: 250 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 km, land: 250 km, landIce: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | HadGEM3-GC31-LL (released in 2016) | MOHC NERC (Met Office Hadley Centre, Natural Environmental Research Council) | The model includes the components: aerosol: UKCA-GLOMAP-mode, atmos: MetUM-HadGEM3-GA7.1 (N96; 192 x 144 longitude/latitude; 85 levels; top level 85 km), land: JULES-HadGEM3-GL7.1, ocean: NEMO-HadGEM3-GO6.0 (eORCA1 tripolar primarily 1 deg with meridional refinement down to 1/3 degree in the tropics; 360 x 330 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), seaIce: CICE-HadGEM3-GSI8 (eORCA1 tripolar primarily 1 deg; 360 x 330 longitude/latitude). The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 25 km, seaIce: 25 km. | HadGEM3-GC31-MM (released in 2016) | MOHC (Met Office Hadley Centre) | The model includes the components: aerosol: UKCA-GLOMAP-mode, atmos: MetUM-HadGEM3-GA7.1 (N216; 432 x 324 longitude/latitude; 85 levels; top level 85 km), land: JULES-HadGEM3-GL7.1, ocean: NEMO-HadGEM3-GO6.0 (eORCA025 tripolar primarily 0.25 deg; 1440 x 1205 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), seaIce: CICE-HadGEM3-GSI8 (eORCA025 tripolar primarily 0.25 deg; 1440 x 1205 longitude/latitude). The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 25 km, seaIce: 25 km. | IITM-ESM (released in 2015) | CCCR-IITM (Centre for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology) | The model includes the components: aerosol: prescribed MAC-v2, atmos: IITM-GFSv1 (T62L64, Linearly Reduced Gaussian Grid; 192 x 94 longitude/latitude; 64 levels; top level 0.2 mb), land: NOAH LSMv2.7.1, ocean: MOM4p1 (tripolar, primarily 1deg; 360 x 200 longitude/latitude; 50 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), ocnBgchem: TOPAZv2.0, seaIce: SISv1.0. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmosphere: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | INM-CM4-8 (released in 2016) | INM (Institute of Numerical Mathematics) | The model includes the components: aerosol: INM-AER1, atmos: INM-AM4-8 (2x1.5; 180 x 120 longitude/latitude; 21 levels; top level sigma = 0.01), land: INM-LND1, ocean: INM-OM5 (North Pole shifted to 60N, 90E; 360 x 318 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; sigma vertical coordinate), seaIce: INM-ICE1. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | INM-CM5-0 (released in 2016) | INM (Institute of Numerical Mathematics) | The model includes the components: aerosol: INM-AER1, atmos: INM-AM5-0 (2x1.5; 180 x 120 longitude/latitude; 73 levels; top level sigma = 0.0002), land: INM-LND1, ocean: INM-OM5 (North Pole shifted to 60N, 90E. 0.5x0.25; 720 x 720 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; vertical sigma coordinate), seaIce: INM-ICE1. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km. | IPSL-CM6A-LR (released in 2017) | IPSL (Institut Pierre‐Simon Laplace) | The model includes the components: atmos: LMDZ (NPv6, N96; 144 x 143 longitude/latitude; 79 levels; top level 80000 m), land: ORCHIDEE (v2.0, Water/Carbon/Energy mode), ocean: NEMO-OPA (eORCA1.3, tripolar primarily 1deg; 362 x 332 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-2 m), ocnBgchem: NEMO-PISCES, seaIce: NEMO-LIM3. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmosphere: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | KACE-1-0-G (released in 2018) | NIMS-KMA (National Institute of Meteorological Sciences/Korea Met. Administration) | The model includes the components: aerosol: UKCA-GLOMAP-mode, atmos: MetUM-HadGEM3-GA7.1 (N96; 192 x 144 longitude/latitude; 85 levels; top level 85 km), land: JULES-HadGEM3-GL7.1, ocean: MOM4p1 (tripolar primarily 1deg; 360 x 200 longitude/latitude; 50 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: CICE-HadGEM3-GSI8 (tripolar primarily 1deg; 360 x 200 longitude/latitude). The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | KIOST-ESM (released in 2018) | KIOST (Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology) | The model includes the components: atmos: GFDL-AM2.0 (cubed sphere (C48); 192 x 96 longitude/latitude; 32 vertical levels; top level 2 hPa), atmosChem: Simple carbon aerosol model (emission type), land: NCAR-CLM4, landIce: NCAR-CLM4, ocean: GFDL-MOM5.0 (tripolar - nominal 1.0 deg; 360 x 200 longitude/latitude; 52 levels; top grid cell 0-2 m; NK mixed layer scheme), ocnBgchem: TOPAZ2, seaIce: GFDL-SIS. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmosphere: 250 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 km, land: 250 km, landIce: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | MCM-UA-1-0 (released in 1991) | UA (University of Arizona - Department of Geosciences) | The model includes the components: aerosol: Modifies surface albedoes (Haywood et al. 1997, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1562:GCMCOT>2.0.CO;2), atmos: R30L14 (3.75 X 2.5 degree (long-lat) configuration; 96 x 80 longitude/latitude; 14 levels; top level 0.015 sigma, 15 mb), land: Standard Manabe bucket hydrology scheme (Manabe 1969, doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1969)097<0739:CATOC>2.3.CO;2), landIce: Specified location - invariant in time, has high albedo and latent heat capacity, ocean: MOM1.0 (MOM1, 1.875 X 2.5 deg; 192 x 80 longitude/latitude; 18 levels; top grid cell 0-40 m), seaIce: Thermodynamic ice model (free drift dynamics).The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, land: 250 km, landIce: 250 km, ocean: 250 km, seaIce: 250 km. | MIROC6 (released in 2017) | MIROC (Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI), Centre for Climate System Research - National Institute for Environmental Studies (CCSR-NIES) and Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI)) | The model includes the components: aerosol: SPRINTARS6.0, atmos: CCSR AGCM (T85; 256 x 128 longitude/latitude; 81 levels; top level 0.004 hPa), land: MATSIRO6.0, ocean: COCO4.9 (tripolar primarily 1deg; 360 x 256 longitude/latitude; 63 levels; top grid cell 0-2 m), seaIce: COCO4.9. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | MIROC-ES2L (released in 2018) | MIROC (Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI), Centre for Climate System Research - National Institute for Environmental Studies (CCSR-NIES) and Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI)) | The model includes the components: aerosol: SPRINTARS6.0, atmos: CCSR AGCM (T42; 128 x 64 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top level 3 hPa), land: MATSIRO6.0+VISIT-e ver.1.0, ocean: COCO4.9 (tripolar primarily 1deg; 360 x 256 longitude/latitude; 63 levels; top grid cell 0-2 m), ocnBgchem: OECO ver.2.0; NPZD-type with C/N/P/Fe/O cycles, seaIce: COCO4.9. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 500 km, atmos: 500 km, land: 500 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km.
| MPI-ESM-1-2-HAM (released in 2017) | HAMMOZ-Consortium (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH-Zurich), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Forschungszentrum Jülich, University of Oxford, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (IfT) and Center for Climate Systems Modeling (C2SM) at ETH Zurich) | The model includes the components: aerosol: HAM2.3, atmos: ECHAM6.3 (spectral T63; 192 x 96 longitude/latitude; 47 levels; top level 0.01 hPa), atmosChem: sulfur chemistry (unnamed), land: JSBACH 3.20, ocean: MPIOM1.63 (bipolar GR1.5, approximately 1.5deg; 256 x 220 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-12 m), ocnBgchem: HAMOCC6, seaIce: unnamed (thermodynamic (Semtner zero-layer) dynamic (Hibler 79) sea ice model). | IITM-ESM (released in 2015) | CCCR-IITM (Centre for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, atmosphereatmosChem: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 250 km, ocean biogeochemistryocnBgchem: 100 250 km, seaIce: 100 250 km. | INMMPI-ESM1-CM42-8 HR (released in 20162017) | INM MPI-M DWD DKRZ (Institute of Numerical Mathematics) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | INM-CM5-0 (released in 2016) | INM (Institute of Numerical Mathematics) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km. | | Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), German Meteorological Service (DWD), German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ)) | The model includes the components: aerosol: none, prescribed MACv2-SP, atmos: ECHAM6.3 (spectral T127; 384 x 192 longitude/latitude; 95 levels; top level 0.01 hPa), land: JSBACH3.20, landIce: none/prescribed, ocean: MPIOM1.63 (tripolar TP04, approximately 0.4deg; 802 x 404 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-12 m), ocnBgchem: HAMOCC6, seaIce: unnamed (thermodynamic (Semtner zero-layer) dynamic (Hibler 79) sea ice model). | IPSL-CM6A-LR (released in 2017) | IPSL (Institut Pierre‐Simon Laplace) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 250 100 km, land: 250 100 km, landIce: none, ocean: 100 50 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 50 km, seaIce: 100 50 km. | KACEMPI-1ESM1-02-G LR (released in 20182017) | NIMSMPI-KMA M AWI (National Institute of Meteorological Sciences/Korea Met. Administration) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | KIOST-ESM (released in 2018) | KIOST (Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmosphere: 250 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 km, land: 250 km, landIce: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | | Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), AWI (Alfred Wegener Institute)) | The model includes the components: aerosol: none, prescribed MACv2-SP, atmos: ECHAM6.3 (spectral T63; 192 x 96 longitude/latitude; 47 levels; top level 0.01 hPa), land: JSBACH3.20, landIce: none/prescribed, ocean: MPIOM1.63 (bipolar GR1.5, approximately 1.5deg; 256 x 220 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-12 m), ocnBgchem: HAMOCC6, seaIce: unnamed (thermodynamic (Semtner zero-layer) dynamic (Hibler 79) sea ice model). | MCM-UA-1-0 (released in 1991) | UA (University of Arizona - Department of Geosciences) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmosatmosphere: 250 km, land: 250 km, landIce: none, ocean: 250 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 250 km, seaIce: 250 km. | MIROC6 MRI-ESM2-0 (released in 2017) | MIROC MRI (Atmosphere and Ocean Meteorological Research Institute (AORI), Centre for Climate System Research - National Institute for Environmental Studies (CCSR-NIES) and Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI)), Japan) | The model includes the components: aerosol: MASINGAR mk2r4 (TL95; 192 x 96 longitude/latitude; 80 levels; top level 0.01 hPa), atmos: MRI-AGCM3.5 (TL159; 320 x 160 longitude/latitude; 80 levels; top level 0.01 hPa), atmosChem: MRI-CCM2.1 (T42; 128 x 64 longitude/latitude; 80 levels; top level 0.01 hPa), land: HAL 1.0, ocean: MRI.COM4.4 (tripolar primarily 0.5 deg latitude/1 deg longitude with meridional refinement down to 0.3 deg within 10 degrees north and south of the equator; 360 x 364 longitude/latitude; 61 levels; top grid cell 0-2 m), ocnBgchem: MRI.COM4.4, seaIce: MRI.COM4.4. MIROC6 is a physical climate model mainly composed of three sub-models: atmosphere, land, and sea ice-ocean. The atmospheric model is based on the CCSR-NIES atmospheric general circulation model. The model top is placed at 0.004 hPa, and there are 81 vertical levels. A coupler system calculates heat and freshwater fluxes between the sub-models in order to ensure that all fluxes are conserved within machine precision and then exchanges the fluxes among the sub-models. No flux adjustments are used in MIROC6. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmosatmosphere: 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 250 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | NESM3 (released in 2016) | NUIST (Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology) | The model includes the components: atmos: ECHAM v6.3 (T63; 192 x 96 longitude/latitude; 47 levels; top level 1 Pa), land: JSBACH v3.1, ocean: NEMO v3.4 (NEMO v3.4, tripolar primarily 1deg; 384 x 362 longitude/latitude; 46 levels; top grid cell 0-6 m), seaIce: CICE4.1. | MIROC-ES2L (released in 2018) | MIROC (Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI), Centre for Climate System Research - National Institute for Environmental Studies (CCSR-NIES) and Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI)) | MIROC-AGCM is the atmospheric component of a climate model, the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 6 (MIROC6). The MIROC-AGCM employs a spectral dynamical core, and standard physical parameterizations for cumulus convections, radiative transfer, cloud microphysics, turbulence, and gravity wave drag. It also has an aerosol module. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosolatmosphere: 500 250 km, atmos: 500 km, land: 500 2.5 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | MPI-ESM-1-2-HAM NorCPM1 (released in 2017) | HAMMOZ-Consortium (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH-Zurich), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Forschungszentrum Jülich, University of Oxford, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (IfT) and Center for Climate Systems Modeling (C2SM) at ETH Zurich) | 2019) | NCC (Norwegian Climate Centre) | The model includes the components: aerosol: OsloAero4.1 (same grid as atmos), atmos: CAM-OSLO4.1 (2 degree resolution; 144 x 96 longitude/latitude; 26 levels; top level ~2 hPa), atmosChem: OsloChemSimp4.1 (same grid as atmos), land: CLM4 (same grid as atmos), ocean: MICOM1.1 (1 degree resolution; 320 x 384 longitude/latitude; 53 levels; top grid cell 0-2.5 m [native model uses hybrid density and generic upper-layer coordinate interpolated to z-level for contributed data]), ocnBgchem: HAMOCC5.1 (same grid as ocean), seaIce: CICE4 (same grid as ocean). MPI-ESM1.2-HAM is the latest version of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model (MPI-ESM1.2) coupled with the Hamburg Aerosol Module (HAM2.3), developed by the HAMMOZ consortium. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmosatmosphere: 250 km, atmosChematmospheric chemistry: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 250 km, ocnBgchem: 250 km, seaIce: 250 km. | MPI-ESM1-2-HR (released in 2017) | km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | NorESM1-F (released in 2018) | NCC (Norwegian Climate Centre) | The model includes the components: atmos: CAM4 (2 degree resolution; 144 x 96; 32 levels; top level 3 mb), land: CLM4, landIce: CISM, ocean: MICOM (1 degree resolution; 360 x 384; 70 levels; top grid cell minimum 0-2.5 m [native model uses hybrid density and generic upper-layer coordinate interpolated to z-level for contributed data]), ocnBgchem: HAMOCC5.1, seaIce: CICE4. | MPI-M DWD DKRZ (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), German Meteorological Service (DWD), German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ)) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 250 km, land: 100 250 km, landIce: none250 km, ocean: 50 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 50 100 km, seaIce: 50 100 km. | MPI-ESM1-2-LR NorESM2-LM (released in 2017) | MPI-M AWI (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), AWI (Alfred Wegener Institute)NCC (Norwegian Climate Centre) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmosphere: 250 km, land: 250 km, landIce: none, ocean: 250 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 250 km, seaIce: 250 km. | MRI-ESM2-0 (released in 2017) | MRI (Meteorological Research Institute, Japan) | The model was run in includes the components: aerosol: OsloAero, atmos: CAM-OSLO (2 degree resolution; 144 x 96; 32 levels; top level 3 mb), atmosChem: OsloChemSimp, land: CLM, landIce: CISM, ocean: MICOM (1 degree resolution; 360 x 384; 70 levels; top grid cell minimum 0-2.5 m [native model uses hybrid density and generic upper-layer coordinate interpolated to z-level for contributed data]), ocnBgchem: HAMOCC, seaIce: CICE. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmosphereatmospheric: 100 250 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 km, land: 100 250 km, oceanlandIce: 100 250 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | NESM3 (released in 2016) | NUIST (Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmosphere: 250 km, land: 2.5 : 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | NorCPM1 NorESM2-MM (released in 20192017) | NCC NCC (Norwegian Climate Centre)) | The model includes the components: aerosol: OsloAero, atmos: CAM-OSLO (1 degree resolution; 288 x 192; 32 levels; top level 3 mb), atmosChem: OsloChemSimp, land: CLM, landIce: CISM, ocean: MICOM (1 degree resolution; 360 x 384; 70 levels; top grid cell minimum 0-2.5 m [native model uses hybrid density and generic upper-layer coordinate interpolated to z-level for contributed data]), ocnBgchem: HAMOCC, seaIce: CICE. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 100 km, atmosphere: 250 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 100 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | NorESM1-F (released in 2018) | NCC (Norwegian Climate Centre) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: atmosphere: 250 km, land: 250 km, landIce: 250 landIce: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | NorESM2SAM0-LM UNICON (released in 2017) NCC ( | Norwegian Climate Centre SNU (Seoul National University) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: includes the components: aerosol: 250 kmMAM3, atmospheric: 250 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 km, land: 250 km, landIce: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | NorESM2-MM (released in 2017) | NCC (Norwegian Climate Centre) | atmos: CAM5.3 with UNICON (1deg; 288 x 192 longitude/latitude; 30 levels; top level ~2 hPa), land: CLM4.0, ocean: POP2 (Displaced Pole; 320 x 384 longitude/latitude; 60 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: CICE4.0. The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphereatmos: 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 100 km, land: 100 km, landIce: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. | SAM0-UNICON TaiESM1 (released in 2017) | SNU (Seoul National University) | 2018) | AS-RCEC (Research Center for Environmental Changes) | The model includes the components: aerosol: SNAP (same grid as atmos), atmos: TaiAM1 (0.9x1.25 degree; 288 x 192 longitude/latitude; 30 levels; top level ~2 hPa), atmosChem: SNAP (same grid as atmos), land: CLM4.0 (same grid as atmos), ocean: POP2 (320x384 longitude/latitude; 60 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: CICE4. The atmospheric component of SEM0 is the Seoul National University Atmospheric Model Version 0 with a Unified Convection Scheme (SAM0-UNICON), which replaces CAM5's shallow and deep convection schemes and revises CAM5's cloud microphysics scheme. The other components of SEM0 (i.e., ocean, land, land-ice, sea-ice, and coupler) are identical to those of the Community Earth System Model version 1.2 (CESM1.2). The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, atmosatmospheric chemistry: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 50 km. | TaiESM1 UKESM1-0-LL (released in 2018) | AS-RCEC (Research Center for Environmental Changes) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmosphere: 100 km, atmospheric chemistry: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 50 km. | MOHC, NERC, NIMS-KMA, NIWA (Met Office Hadley Centre, Natural Environmental Research Council, National Institute of Meteorological Science / Korean Meteorological Administration (NIMS-KMA), National Institute of Weather and Atmospheric Research (NIWA)) | The model includes the components: aerosol: UKCA-GLOMAP-mode, atmos: MetUM-HadGEM3-GA7.1 (N96; 192 x 144 longitude/latitude; 85 levels; top level 85 km), atmosChem: UKCA-StratTrop, land: JULES-ES-1.0, ocean: NEMO-HadGEM3-GO6.0 (eORCA1 tripolar primarily 1 deg with meridional refinement down to 1/3 degree in the tropics; 360 x 330 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), ocnBgchem: MEDUSA2, seaIce: CICE-HadGEM3-GSI8 (eORCA1 tripolar primarily 1 deg; 360 x 330 longitude/latitude). | UKESM1-0-LL (released in 2018) | MOHC, NERC, NIMS-KMA, NIWA (Met Office Hadley Centre, Natural Environmental Research Council, National Institute of Meteorological Science / Korean Meteorological Administration (NIMS-KMA), National Institute of Weather and Atmospheric Research (NIWA)) | The model was run in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmosphere: 250 km, atmospheric chemistry: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocean biogeochemistry: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km.
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