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C3S is aiming to build a EURO-CORDEX ensemble which is as complete as possible. By doing this, C3S will fill some of the missing elements of the EURO-CORDEX GCM-RCM-RCP uncertainty matrix. As we will have more simulations available (and these being complete sub-matrices, for instance), we are in a better position to assess how the full matrix can be reproduced when based on fewer available model simulations. In addition, we can determine how the missing model elements can be built. This unique study gives valuable insights into the optimal design of such ensemble systems in the future.
References
EUROAFR-CORDEX:
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Coppola E., Nogherotto R., Ciarlò J.M., Giorgi F., van Meijgaard E., Kadygrov N., Iles C., Corre L., Sandstad M., Somot S., Nabat P., Vautard R., Levavasseur G., Schwingshackl C., Sillmann J., Kjellström E., Nikulin G., Aalbers E., Lenderink G., Christensen O.B., Boberg F., Lund Sørland S., Demory M.-E., Bülow K., Teichmann C., Warrach-Sagi K., Wulfmeyer V. (2021) Assessment of the European climate projections as simulated by the large EURO-CORDEX regional and global climate model ensemble. Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres, doi: 10.1029/2019JD032356
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MED-CORDEX:
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- Nikulin G, Lennard C, Dosio A, Kjellström E, Chen Y, Hänsler A, Kupiainen M, Laprise R, Mariotti L, Fox Maule C, van Meijgaard E, Panitz H-J, Scinocca J F and Somot S (2018) The effects of 1.5 and 2 degrees of global warming on Africa in the CORDEX ensemble, Environ. Res. Lett., doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aab2b4, http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aab1b1
- Nikulin G., Jones, C. , Giorgi, F., Asrar, G., Büchner, M., Cerezo-Mota, R., Christensen, O. B., Déqué, M., Fernandez, J., Haensler, van Meijgaard, E., Samuelsson P., Sylla M. B., and Sushama L., 2013. Precipitation Climatology in An Ensemble of CORDEX-Africa Regional Climate Simulations, J. Climate, 25, 6057–6078. DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00375.1
ANT-CORDEX:
ARC-CORDEX:
Inoue, J., Sato, K., Rinke, A., Cassano, J. J., Fettweis, X., Heinemann, G., et al., 2021: Clouds and radiation processes in regional climate models evaluated using observations over the ice‐free Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res. Atm., 126, e2020JD033904, doi:10.1029/2020JD033904
Sedlar, J., M. Tjernström, A. Rinke, A. Orr, J. Cassano, X. Fettweis, et al., 2020: Confronting Arctic troposphere, clouds and surface energy budget representations in regional climate models with observations, J. Geophys. Res. Atm., 124, doi:10.1029/2019JD031783
Akperov, M., A. Rinke, I.I. Mokhov, V.A. Semenov, M.R. Parfenova, H. Matthes, et al., 2019: Future projections of cyclone activity in the Arctic for the 21st century from regional climate models (Arctic-CORDEX), Glob. Planet. Change, doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103005
Diaconescu, E.P., Mailhot, A., Brown, R. et al., 2018: Evaluation of CORDEX-Arctic daily precipitation and temperature-based climate indices over Canadian Arctic land areas, Clim. Dyn., 50, 2061–2085, doi:doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3736-4
AUS-CORDEX:
CAM-CORDEX:
CAS-CORDEX:
EAS-CORDEX:
EURO-CORDEX:
- Kotlarski, S., Keuler, K., Christensen, O. B., Colette, A., Déqué, M., Gobiet, A., Goergen, K., Jacob, D., Lüthi, D., van Meijgaard, E., Nikulin, G., Schär, C., Teichmann, C., Vautard, R., Warrach-Sagi, K., and Wulfmeyer, V.: Regional climate modeling on European scales: a joint standard evaluation of the EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1297–1333, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1297-2014, 2014.
- Jacob, D., Teichmann, C., Sobolowski, S. et al. Regional climate downscaling over Europe: perspectives from the EURO-CORDEX community. Reg Environ Change 20, 51 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01606-9
- Christensen, O.B., Kjellström, E. Partitioning uncertainty components of mean climate and climate change in a large ensemble of European regional climate model projections. Clim Dyn (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05229-y
- Sørland SL, Schär C, Lüthi D, Kjellström E (2018) Bias patterns and climate change signals in GCM-RCM model chains. Environ Res Lett 13(7):074017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aacc77
Coppola E., Nogherotto R., Ciarlò J.M., Giorgi F., van Meijgaard E., Kadygrov N., Iles C., Corre L., Sandstad M., Somot S., Nabat P., Vautard R., Levavasseur G., Schwingshackl C., Sillmann J., Kjellström E., Nikulin G., Aalbers E., Lenderink G., Christensen O.B., Boberg F., Lund Sørland S., Demory M.-E., Bülow K., Teichmann C., Warrach-Sagi K., Wulfmeyer V. (2021) Assessment of the European climate projections as simulated by the large EURO-CORDEX regional and global climate model ensemble. Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres, doi: 10.1029/2019JD032356
Vautard R., Kadygrov N., Iles C., Boberg F., Buonomo E., Bülow K., Coppola E., Corre L., van Meijgaard E., Nogherotto R., Sandstad M., Schwingshackl C., Somot S., Aalbers E., Christensen O.B., Ciarlo J.M., Demory M.-E., Giorgi F., Jacob D., Jones R.G., Keuler K., Kjellström E., Lenderink G., Levavasseur G., Nikulin G., Sillmann J., Solidoro C., Lund Sørland S., Steger C., Teichmann C., Warrach-Sagi K., Wulfmeyer V.(2021) Evaluation of the large EURO-CORDEX regional climate model ensemble. Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres,doi: 10.1029/2019JD032344
MED-CORDEX:
Ruti PM, Somot S, Giorgi F, Dubois C, Flaounas E, Obermann A, Dell’Aquila A, Pisacane G, Harzallah A, Lombardi E, Ahrens B, Akhtar N, Alias A, Arsouze T, Aznar R, Bastin S, Bartholy J, Béranger K, Beuvier J, Bouffies-Cloché S, Brauch J, Cabos W, Calmanti S, Calvet J-C, Carillo A, Conte D, Coppola E, Djurdjevic V, Drobinski P, Elizalde-Arellano A, Gaertner M, Galàn P, Gallardo C, Gualdi S, Goncalves M, Jorba O, Jordà G, L'Heveder B, Lebeaupin-Brossier C, Li L, Liguori G, Lionello P, Maciàs D, Nabat P, Onol B, Raikovic B, Ramage K, Sevault F, Sannino G, Struglia MV, Sanna A, Torma C, Vervatis V(2016) MED-CORDEX initiative for Mediterranean Climate studies. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,97(7), 1187-1208,July 2016, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00176.1, http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00176.1
- Somot S., Ruti P., Ahrens B., Coppola E., Jordà G., Sannino G., Solmon F. (2018). Editorial for the Med-CORDEX Special Issue. Clim. Dyn. 51(3):771-777, doi: 10.1007/s00382-018-4325-x, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-018-4325-x
- Med-CORDEX Special Issue, Climate Dynamics, volume 51, issue 3, 2018; https://link.springer.com/journal/382/volumes-and-issues/51-3
MENA-CORDEX:
NAM-CORDEX:
- Bukovsky, M. S., and Mearns, L. O. (2020). Regional climate change projections from NA-CORDEX and their relation to climate sensitivity. Clim. Change 162, 645–665. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10584-020-02835-x
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NAM-CORDEX:
- Bukovsky, M. S., and Mearns, L. O. (2020). Regional climate change projections from NA-CORDEX and their relation to climate sensitivity. Clim. Change 162, 645–665. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10584-020-02835-x
ARC-CORDEX:
Inoue, J., Sato, K., Rinke, A., Cassano, J. J., Fettweis, X., Heinemann, G., et al., 2021: Clouds and radiation processes in regional climate models evaluated using observations over the ice‐free Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res. Atm., 126, e2020JD033904, doi:10.1029/2020JD033904
Sedlar, J., M. Tjernström, A. Rinke, A. Orr, J. Cassano, X. Fettweis, et al., 2020: Confronting Arctic troposphere, clouds and surface energy budget representations in regional climate models with observations, J. Geophys. Res. Atm., 124, doi:10.1029/2019JD031783
Akperov, M., A. Rinke, I.I. Mokhov, V.A. Semenov, M.R. Parfenova, H. Matthes, et al., 2019: Future projections of cyclone activity in the Arctic for the 21st century from regional climate models (Arctic-CORDEX), Glob. Planet. Change, doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103005
Diaconescu, E.P., Mailhot, A., Brown, R. et al., 2018: Evaluation of CORDEX-Arctic daily precipitation and temperature-based climate indices over Canadian Arctic land areas, Clim. Dyn., 50, 2061–2085, doi:doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3736-4
AFR-CORDEX:
- Nikulin G, Lennard C, Dosio A, Kjellström E, Chen Y, Hänsler A, Kupiainen M, Laprise R, Mariotti L, Fox Maule C, van Meijgaard E, Panitz H-J, Scinocca J F and Somot S (2018) The effects of 1.5 and 2 degrees of global warming on Africa in the CORDEX ensemble, Environ. Res. Lett., doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aab2b4, http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aab1b1
- Nikulin G., Jones, C. , Giorgi, F., Asrar, G., Büchner, M., Cerezo-Mota, R., Christensen, O. B., Déqué, M., Fernandez, J., Haensler, van Meijgaard, E., Samuelsson P., Sylla M. B., and Sushama L., 2013. Precipitation Climatology in An Ensemble of CORDEX-Africa Regional Climate Simulations, J. Climate, 25, 6057–6078. DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00375.1
SAM-CORDEX:
- Blázquez, J., Silvina, A.S. Multiscale precipitation variability and extremes over South America: analysis of future changes from a set of CORDEX regional climate model simulations. Clim Dyn 55, 2089–2106 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05370-8
- Llopart, M., Simões Reboita, M. & Porfírio da Rocha, R. Assessment of multi-model climate projections of water resources over South America CORDEX domain. Clim Dyn 54, 99–116 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04990-z
- Solman, S.A., Blázquez, J. Multiscale precipitation variability over South America: Analysis of the added value of CORDEX RCM simulations. Clim Dyn 53, 1547–1565 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04689-1
- Falco, M., Carril, A.F., Menéndez, C.G. et al. Assessment of CORDEX simulations over South America: added value on seasonal climatology and resolution considerations. Clim Dyn 52, 4771–4786 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4412-z
WAS-CORDEX:
SEA-CORDEX:
CORDEX-CORE (comprehensive and homogeneous projections across almost all CORDEX domains with 0.22º resolution):
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