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Prognostic variables from the previous forecast are used for FLake initialisation.
Fig3Fig2142.A: Schematic of Lake tiles with heat and moisture fluxes from ice and water surfaces. The volume of the water (given by area and depth) gives an indication of the capacity for heat storage. Sufficient levels are modelled to define the thermocline (ξ). The skin temperature of the lake governs the heat and moisture flux to the lowest layer of the atmosphere. Radiation to or from any ice cover is also modelled. The coupling coefficient controls how tightly the skin layer temperature follows the temperature of the water or ice.
| aS | Albedo of water or ice | Ti | Temperature of layer |
| KS | Downward short wave radiation | Tskin | Temperature at the surface of the water |
| LS | Downward long wave radiation | Tξ | Thermocline |
| HS | Sensible heat flux | Sy | Salinity |
| ES | Latent heat flux | ||
| RS | Net water flux at the surface (precipitation, evaporation, runoff) |
Table1Table2142.A: List of symbols for parameters shown in Fig3Fig2142.A.
Considerations
The presence of lakes has a range of effects on weather and local climate:
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