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<H1>ELS</H1>
Section: User Contributed Perl Documentation (1)<BR>Updated: 2015-12-17<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<A HREF="http://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/UDOC/">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
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<H2>NAME</H2>
els - List ECFS files
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<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
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els [<I>-l</I>][<I>-1</I>][<I>-a</I>][<I>-d</I>][<I>-R</I>] [<I>domain1:</I>][<I>file1</I>] [...]
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<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
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List <FONT SIZE="-1">ECFS</FONT> files or directories.
As with Unix, if the target name begins with the ``/'' character
it is interpreted as an absolute path,
otherwise it is relative to the current directory of the given <I>domain1</I>.
If no <I>domain1</I> is specified the default <FONT SIZE="-1">ECFS</FONT> domain is assumed.
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<H2>OPTIONS</H2>
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Unlike <FONT SIZE="-1">UNIX,</FONT> very few option flags are implemented
often because the underlying transport mechanisms do not offer
such fine-grained access.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT>-l<DD>
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Produce listing in long-form.
See the 'compatibility improvements' subsection.
<DT>-1<DD>
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Produce short-form listing, in a single column.
See the 'compatibility improvements' subsection.
<DT>-a<DD>
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Like the corresponding <FONT SIZE="-1">UNIX</FONT> flag,
lists all files,
including dot files which would normally have been suppressed in the listing.
<DT>-d<DD>
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Like the corresponding <FONT SIZE="-1">UNIX</FONT> flag,
lists each directory argument as the directory itself, rather than its contents.
<DT>-R<DD>
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Recursive listing of subdirectories.
If possible it should be avoided on very large <FONT SIZE="-1">ECFS</FONT> directory trees
because of timeout issues.
Note that at <FONT SIZE="-1">ECMWF</FONT> it is often unnecessary
because audit files containing a listing of domain <B>ec:</B>
are regularly created for each user.
</DL>
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<H3>Compatibility improvements</H3>
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By historical accident
the default output of previous versions of <B>els</B> with no flags
was equivalent to the long-form listing output of <FONT SIZE="-1">UNIX </FONT><B>ls</B> with <I>-l</I>.
Additionally it was impossible to obtain a short-form listing
(the default <FONT SIZE="-1">UNIX </FONT><B>ls</B> behaviour).
<P>
<I>Note: This new release changes the default, no-flags, behaviour
from earlier versions; it now generates the listing in short-form.</I>
<P>
To improve compatibility this release introduces two new flags
both with equivalence in <FONT SIZE="-1">UNIX:
</FONT>'-l' flag to do long-form listing
and '-1' (digit one) to produce short-form output (hitherto impossible).
In <FONT SIZE="-1">UNIX,</FONT> no flags and '-1' are almost, but not quite, equivalent
(the differences are comparatively minor);
in this release of <FONT SIZE="-1">ECFS</FONT> they are identical.
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<H2>EXAMPLES</H2>
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<DL COMPACT>
<DT>els -l 'ec:apps/*.c'<DD>
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Produce a long-form listing of all files and directories in the 'ec' domain
which match the given wildcard specification.
<P>
Note the quoting of the remote wildcard specification: see <I><A HREF="http://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/UDOC/ecfs.1">ecfs</A></I>(1).
<DT>els ec:~username<DD>
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Lists all files in the <FONT SIZE="-1">ECFS</FONT> home directory of user 'username'.
</DL>
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<H2>NOTES</H2>
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No attempt is made to emulate the full range of options
in various UNIX-based <B>ls</B> commands.
<P>
In several respects the output can differ from that of <B>ls</B>
as it is entirely dependent on the remote service
and could well vary across services and domains and, indeed, across time.
In essence, the output design of <B>ls</B>, and thus of <B>els</B>,
is human-oriented, not script-oriented,
so care should be exercised if using the formatting of output
for any significant automated purpose such as scripting.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT>*<DD>
The line contents in a <I>-l</I> listing are those supplied by the remote service.
<DT>*<DD>
In <FONT SIZE="-1">UNIX </FONT><B>ls</B>, if a requested filename/directory argument
is given as an absolute path, then the resulting filename/directory
is similarly displayed as an absolute path.
This is not yet the case with <B>els</B>.
<DT>*<DD>
In FTP-based domains, the <I>-d</I> flag in the home directory may be unable to
gather its information.
However the <I>-a</I> flag includes information about '.', which is the same thing.
<DT>*<DD>
When <I>-R</I> is specified, the other flags tend to be ignored.
</DL>
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<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
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<I><A HREF="http://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/UDOC/ecfs.1">ecfs</A></I>(1), <I><A HREF="http://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/UDOC/els">els</A></I>(1)
<P>
<HR>
<A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2>
<DL>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAE">OPTIONS</A><DD>
<DL>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAF">Compatibility improvements</A><DD>
</DL>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAG">EXAMPLES</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAH">NOTES</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAI">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
</DL>
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Time: 14:51:58 GMT, July 23, 2018
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