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- Stations of Facility Type seaFixed, lakeRiverFixed, lakeRiverMobile, landFixed, landMobile, landOnIce or airFixed;.
- One or more observations out of surface pressure, temperature, humidity or wind;.
- The declared status of a program affiliated with the variable displayed is either operational or partly operational;.
- The “international exchange” field set to “yes” on the variable;.
- The reporting schedule indicates that the variable is reported during the period for which data is displayed, based on the declared status date from/to and schedule valid from/to in the corresponding OSCAR/Surface schedule; schedules without a value in the temporal reporting interval are not considered;.
- If no schedule is documented in OSCAR/Surface for the period for which data is displayed, 3-hourly observations shared internationally are assumed for SYNOP (default schedule).
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- The declared status of a program affiliated with the variable pressure profile is either operational or partly operational;.
- Station class Upper-air Radiosonde or PILOT;.
- “international exchange” field set to “yes” on the pressure profile variable;.
- The reporting schedule of pressure profile indicates that the variable is reported during the period for which data is displayed, based on the declared status date from/to and schedule valid from/to in the corresponding OSCAR/Surface schedule; schedules without a value in the temporal reporting interval are not considered.
- If no schedule is documented in OSCAR/Surface for the period for which data is displayed, 2-daily observations shared internationally are assumed for TEMP (default schedule).
All the four WIGOS Monitoring Centres - ECMWF, DWD, JMA and NCEP- are providing quality monitoring reports for upper-air observations. Like the surface reports, these include qualitative as well as quantitative information. The quantitative information provided is obtained by aggregating the O-B departures into two main categories: layer between the first pressure level up to 100 hPa inclusive (Trop); and the layer from 100 hPa up to the last reported level (Stra). The quantitative information for the aforementioned layers consists of both the mean and standard deviation of O-B departures over the layer for the following observed physical quantities: upper-air temperature, upper-air humidity and upper-air wind. Provision of these data reports (four daily, centred at the main synoptic hours, 00, 06, 12 and 18UTC), typically happens 24 hours after the actual observation. The availability, quality and completeness of these conventional profiling observations can be easily assessed based on the information provided by the monitoring reports. It is worth mentioning that for the high-resolution BUFR reports, two messages are disseminated on the Global Telecommunication System (GTS): a preliminary message containing the measurements from the surface up to 100h Pa (TTAA=IUK header - I, Observational data Binary coded, U, upper-air message and K, radiosonde from fixed land station up to 100 hPa) and the final message containing the entire sounding from surface to balloon burst (TTAA=IUS, header - I, Observational data Binary coded, U, upper-air message and S, radiosonde from fixed land station up to balloon burst). ECMWF, JMA and DWD use the full BUFR message (i.e., IUS bulletin), and only if the full one is not available they use the IUK bulletin. Therefore, all NWP monitoring reports reflect this, i.e., the ascent report that contains the highest level will be used to calculate the statistics (i.e., IUS bulletin). This is a case of duplicates, however, if a radiosonde is launched 30 mins after the one that went wrong (i.e., burst at quite low altitudes), both will be used because they are not considered duplicates in those circumstances.
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