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The sub-seasonal range model climate (ER-M-climate) drifts towards becoming rather too cold at longer lead-times in wintertime high latitudes.  Hence the anomaly in forecast temperatures against ER-M-climate temperatures may be too large.  The magnitude of the drift is not uniform.  At longer lead-times the trend in northern China is towards colder values but less so in Siberia and Canada.  The variation may be due to the analysed initial snowpack conditions and/or snowmelt in marginal snow cover areas in these areas.  Issues regarding this are being addressed. A multi-layer snow scheme is incorporated.  

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