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Note: HRES and Ensemble Control Forecast (ex-HRES) are scientifically, structurally and computationally identical.  With effect from Cy49r1, Ensemble Control Forecast (ex-HRES) output is equivalent to HRES output shown in the diagrams.   At the time of the diagrams, HRES had resolution of 9km and ensemble members had a resolution of 18km.

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Fig8.1.11.1: ecCharts example showing Ensemble Control Forecast (ex-HRES) forecast PV and mean sea level pressure.  

Note: HRES and Ensemble Control Forecast (ex-HRES) are scientifically, structurally and computationally identical.  With effect from Cy49r1, Ensemble Control Forecast (ex-HRES) output is equivalent to HRES output shown in the diagrams.   At the time of the diagrams, HRES had resolution of 9km and ensemble members had a resolution of 18km.

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Fig8.1.11.2: Cross-section of PV, at 41.5N, at T+24 = 00UTC 3 Jan 2019.   PV values are indicated on the right of the diagram (e.g. 2 PV units is shown by the red/yellow boundary). The dynamic tropopause is taken to lie on the PV=2 isopleth (in the red zone) which falls to about 550hPa near 10E within the axis of a cold trough.  Along vertical line A in the diagram, PV=2 PV units occurs at 3 locations, one for the tropopause, and two lower down related to a PV maximum generated by diabatic processes.  In contrast, along vertical line B, whilst there are also 3 levels where PV=2 PV units, two of these lie within the stratosphere and are attributable to standing wave activity.  

Note: HRES and Ensemble Control Forecast (ex-HRES) are scientifically, structurally and computationally identical.  With effect from Cy49r1, Ensemble Control Forecast (ex-HRES) output is equivalent to HRES output shown in the diagrams.   At the time of the diagrams, HRES had resolution of 9km and ensemble members had a resolution of 18km.

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