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The Madden-Julian Oscillation affects the North Atlantic Oscillation.   The mid-latitude jet streams in turn can affect the flow over the North Atlantic which has a strong impact on the tracking of depressions (e.g. towards Europe).  The cross-Atlantic flow can be categorised as positive or negative phases or regimes of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).

The introduction of SPP has had a positive impact in MJO at week 3-4 in monthly forecasts.

 

Fig8.2.6-1: Schematic representation of the global teleconnection patterns associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO).

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