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| borderColor | lightblue |
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| bgColor | lightlightblue |
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| titleBGColor | lightblue |
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| title | Isobaric maps |
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- MSLP + 10m winds : interesting for Nadine's tracking and primary circulation
- MSLP + relative humidity at 700hPa + vorticity at 850hPa : low level signature of Nadine and disturbance associated with the cutoff low, with mid-level humidity of the systems.
- Geopotential + temperature at 500hPa : large scale patterns, mid-troposphere position of warm Nadine and the cold Atlantic cutoff
- Geopotential + temperature at 850hPa : lower level conditions, detection of fronts
- 320K potential vorticity (PV) + MSLP,
- 500hPa relative vorticity (see Fig. 14 in Pantillon) : upper level conditions, upper level jet and the cutoff signature in PV, interaction between Nadine and the cut-off low.
- Winds at 850hPa + vertical velocity at 700hPa (+MSLP) : focus on moist and warm air in the lower levels and associated vertical motion. Should not be a strong horizontal temperature gradient around Nadine, the winds should be stronger for Nadine than for the cutoff.
- 10m winds + total precipitation (+MSLP) : compare with Pantillon Fig.2., impact on rainfall over France.
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| bgColor | lightlightblue |
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| titleBGColor | lightblue |
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| title | Vertical cross-sections |
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Potential temperature + potential vorticity, Humidity + vertical motion : to characterize the cold core and warm core structures of Hurricane Nadine and the cut-off low. PV + vertical velocity (+ relative humidity) : a classical cross-section to see if a PV anomaly is accompanied with vertical motion or not. |
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3 : winds at 850 hPa + vertical velocity at 600hPa + MSLP in background --> focussing on the moist and warm air in the lower levels and the vertival motion. There should not be a strong horizontal temperature gradient around Nadine, the winds should be stronger for Nadine than for the cutoff.
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| Info |
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 This completes the second exercise. You have seen how the ECMWF operational HRES forecast of 2012-09-20 00Z performed compared to the analysis. The next exercises look at the ECMWF ensemble. |
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