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Attribute NameValueExamplesComment
ConventionsCF_convention_string  C3S-0.1 [Other convention] :..."CF-1.6 C3S-0.1"

Multiple conventions may be included (separated by blank spaces)

title

"<short institution name> seasonal forecast model output prepared for C3S"

CF: Free text

ACDD (highly recommended)

"ECMWF seasonal forecast model output prepared for C3S"
A short phrase or sentence describing the dataset. In many discovery systems, the title will be displayed in the results list from a search, and therefore should be human readable and reasonable to display in a list of such names
<short institution name> is the first element of the comma-separated list of values of the corresponding "institution" attribute
references

URIs (such as a URL or DOI) for papers or other references. A valid doi is recommended

CF: Free text

"doi:10.5194/gmd-8-1509-2015"
Published or web-based references that describe the data or methods used to produce it.
source

The following template should be followed in constructing this string: '<model_id> :  atmosphere: <model_name> (<technical_name>, <resolution_and_levels>); ocean: <model_name> (<technical_name>, <resolution_and_levels>); sea ice: <model_name> (<technical_name>); land: <model_name> (<technical_name>)''

Additional explanatory information may follow the required information.

NOTE that for some models, it may not make much sense to include all these components.

The first portion of the string, “model_id”, should be built using the following template:

"model_name_vYYYYMMDD" where YYYYMMDD is the release date of that version of the model (the date when it was first used)

"System4_v20111101: atmos: IFS (CY36R4, TL255L91); ocean: NEMOv3.0 (ORCA1_z42, 1x1L42); Local modifications in NEMOv3.0 (dynamic memory, flexible output, surface flux forcing, closure of frewsh water budget). FLAKE lake model "

The method of production of the original data. If it was model-generated, source should name the model and its version, as specifically as it could be useful.

It is a character string fully identifying the model and version used to generate the output. It should include information concerning the component models.

Note that information about changes in the individual components respect to the "official" releases should be included (e.g. a different bathymetry)

The "source" attribute should include as much information as possible to not just identify the model but to brief the user about it

institute_id

Controlled Vocabulary:

"ecmf" for ECMWF
"egrr" for Met Office
"lfpw" for Météo-France
"edzw" for DWD
"cmcc" for CMCC

"edzw"Standardized 4 characters identifier of the institution that produced the data;
NOTE all the values come from abbreviations of WMO/GRIB "originating centre" table, except CMCC (not available there)
institution

Controlled Vocabulary:

"ECMWF, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom"

"Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom"

"Météo-France, Toulouse, France"

"DWD, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany"

"CMCC, Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy"

CF: Free text

 

"Météo-France, Toulouse, France"

Specifies where the original data was produced. The name of the institution principally responsible for originating this data.

NOTE: The first element of the comma-separated list of values will be used as a shortened version of this attribute in some of the other global attributes ('summary', 'title')

contact

Copernicus User Support URI should be used
http://copernicus-support.ecmwf.int

CF: Free text

"http://copernicus-support.ecmwf.int"

 

project

"C3S Seasonal Forecast" should be used

CF: Free text

 

"C3S Seasonal Forecast" 
creation_date

SPECS: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss<zone>

ISO 8601:2004 extended format

"2011-06-24T02:53:46Z"

The date on which this version of the data was created. Modification of values implies a new version, hence this would be assigned the date of the most recent values modification. Metadata changes are not considered when assigning the creation_date

NOTE: The ACDD 1.3 names this attribute as "date_create". The name "creation_date" has been used following SPECS convention.

commentFree text
  • "Produced by University of Hamburg for DWD at ECMWF HPC facilities"
  • "Run by CMCC at CINECA"
Miscellaneous information about the data, not captured elsewhere.
forecast_type

Controlled Vocabulary

"forecast" or "hindcast"

"forecast"

To identify the type of data



modeling_realm

Controlled Vocabullary

"atmos", "ocean", "land", "landIce", "seaIce", "aerosol", "atmosChem", "ocnBgchem"

"seaIce"

A string that indicates the high-level modelling component that is particularly relevant to the variable encoded
Controlled vocabulary taken from SPECS


Value depends on the variable (see "global attributes" column in variables tables)

frequency

Controlled Vocabulary

"mon", "day", "12hr", "6hr", "fix"

"day"

A string indicating the interval between individual time-samples.
Controlled vocabulary taken from SPECS (extended to include "12hr" data)

Value depends on the variable (see "global attributes" column in variables tables)

level_type

Controlled Vocabulary

"surface", "pressure", "soil"

"pressure"

A string indicating the type of the level where the variable comes from

Value depends on the variable (see "global attributes" column in variables tables)

historyEmpty string""

To avoid this attribute being polluted by usual netcdf tools, it must be enforced to an empty string.

 

commit

timestamp + URL of a commit in a CVS repository

"2017-04-01T13:48:25Z https://software.ecmwf.int/stash/projects/C3SS/repos/ecmf/System4_v20111101"

This attribute intends to keep trace of the tools/scripts used to post-process the data output from the model.

Ideally it should contain the link to a repository containing the specific set of tools and scripts needed to reproduce the same data from the model output. It is highly desirable to have that traceability information.

As a surrogate when the previous is not feasible it should include the timestamp followed by an URL pointing to the C3S documentation repository of the correspondent model version (properly labelled with the <model_id> introduced in 'source" attribute)

summary

Controlled Vocabulary:
"Seasonal Forecast data produced by <short institution name> as its contribution to the seasonal forecast activity of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). The data has global coverage with a 1-degree horizontal resolution and spans for around 6 months since the start date"

ACDD (highly recommended)

"Seasonal Forecast data produced by DWD as its contribution to the seasonal forecast activity of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). The data has global coverage with a 1-degree horizontal resolution and spans for around 6 months since the start date"

A short paragraph describing the dataset

 

<short institution name> is the first element of the comma-separated list of values of the corresponding "institution" attribute

keywords

Fixed string

"Seasonal Forecasts, C3S, ECMWF, Copernicus, Climate Change, Climate Services, Earth Science Services, Environmental Advisories, Climate Advisories"

ACDD (highly recommended)

 

A comma separated list of key words and phrases.

NOTE: This attribute is likely to be modified in the future, once the contents of the Thesaurus for CDS faceting will be defined

forecast_reference_time

SPECS: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssZ

NOTE: This is ISO 8601:2004 extended format, but time zone is required to be UTC

"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z"

time of the analysis from which the forecast was made


Introduced as global attribute to keep compatibility with SPECS
(note that works fine for SPECS data structure, i.e. one variable per start time per file)

...

Warning

"leadtime" has been selected as dimension (instead of "time") for both time and leadtime. That means "leadtime" is the coordinate and "time" is an auxiliary coordinate

  • This diverges from SPECS (where "time" was the name of the dimension and the coordinate, and "leadtime" was an auxiliary coordinate)
  • Here it has been done like that because
    1. both reftime and leadtime are the relevant (let's say "orthogonal") coordinates coming from the relationship time = reftime + leadtime
    2. doing like that has some advantages when merging netcdf files ("leadtime" can be easily shared by different variables in a merged file, while "time" cannot)

...

type
attribute
name		valuecomment
grid_mappinghcrs level
_FillValuesurfaceDifferent values may appear in the "NOTES" column of each variable
modeling_realmatmosDifferent values may appear in the "NOTES" column of each variable
1.0e20Those attributes must be included JUST when the variable has missing values.
It needs 		_FillValue1.0e20Those attributes must be included JUST when the variable has missing values.
It needs to be enforced that they are not present if they should not be there.
missing_value1.0e20


Static Fields

  attributes 
name
(CMIP5)		dimensionsstandard_namelong_name
(CMIP5)		unitscoordinates
frequency
valid_minvalid_max
NOTES
global attributes
sftlflat,lonland_area_fraction"Land Area Fraction"1

"lat lon"

 

 

01

"frequency":"fix"

  

"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"

oroglat,lonsurface_altitude"Surface Altitude"m"lat lon"
"fix"
  
 
"frequency":"fix"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"

Surface Fields (defined at a given height level)

frequency
  attributes  
name
(CMIP5/6&C3S)		dimensionsstandard_namelong_name
(CMIP5/6&C3S)		unitscoordinatescell_methodsvalid_minvalid_maxglobal attributesNOTES
tastime,lat,lonair_temperature"Near-Surface Air Temperature"K

"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon"

 

 

"time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended

  

 "frequency":"6hr"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"

height is usually 2m

tasmaxtime,lat,lonair_temperature"Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air Temperature"K

"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon"

"time: maximum (interval: <value> <unit>)"

C3S: interval is required.
CF: interval is optional

   

"frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"

height is usually 2m

C3S: The interval is required to have a value<=3 hours)

tasmintime,lat,lonair_temperature"Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air Temperature"K

"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon"

"time: minimum (interval: <value> <unit>)"

C3S: interval is required.
CF: interval is optional
   

"frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"

height is usually 2m

C3S: The interval is required to have a value<=3 hours)

tdpstime,lat,londew_point_temperature"2m dewpoint temperature"K"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended 		   

"frequency":"6hr"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"

height is usually 2m

 
uastime,lat,lonx_windEastward Near-Surface Windm s-1"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended 		  

 

"frequency":"6hr"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"

height is usually 10m

vastime,lat,lony_windNorthward Near-Surface Windm s-1"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended 		  

 

"frequency":"6hr"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"

height height is usually 10m

wsgmax

 

N/A in CMIP

time,lat,lonwind_speed_of_gust

"Maximum Wind Speed of Gust"

 

N/A in CMIP

m s-1"reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon" "time: maximum (interval: <value> <unit>)"
C3S: interval is required.
CF: interval is optional
 		   

"frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"

height is usually 10m

C3S: The interval is required to have a value<=3 hours)

...

Surface Fields (not defined at a height level)

  attributes 
name
(CMIP5/6&C3S)		dimensionsstandard_namelong_name
(CMIP5/6&C3S)		unitscoordinatescell_methodsfrequencyvalid_minvalid_maxNOTESglobal attributes
psltime,lat,lonair_pressure_at_sea_level"Sea Level Pressure"Pa"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended
    "frequency":"6hr"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"
clttime,lat,loncloud_clttime,lat,loncloud_area_fraction"Total Cloud Fraction"1"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended
    "frequency":"6hr"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"
tsltime,lat,lonsoil_temperature"Temperature of Soil"K"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended
   

"frequency":"6hr"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"land"

tsotime,lat,lonsea_surface_temperature"Sea Surface Temperature"K"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended
   "frequency":"6hr"
"modelinglevel_realmtype": "oceansurface"
"modeling_realm":"ocean"

sitemptop

 

N/A in CMIP

time,lat,lonsea_ice_temperature

"Surface temperature of sea ice"

N/A in CMIP

K"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended
   "frequency":"6hr"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"seaIce"
sictime,lat,lonsea_ice_area_fraction"Sea Ice Area Fraction"1"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended
   "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"seaIce"

mrlsl

 

time,depth,lat,lonmoisture_content_of_soil_layer

"Water Content per Unit Area of Soil Layers"

 

kg m-2"reftime realization time leadtime depth lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended
   "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "soil"
"modeling_realm":"land"

lwesnw

 

N/A in CMIP

time,lat,lonlwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount

"Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Surface Snow Amount"

N/A in CMIP

m"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended
   "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"land"

rhosn

 

N/A in CMIP

time,lat,lonsnow_density

"Snow density"

 

N/A in CMIP

kg m-3"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended
   "frequency":"day"
"modelinglevel_realmtype": "landsurface"
"modeling_realm":"land"

lweprs

 

N/A in CMIP

time,lat,lonlwe_thickness_of_stratiform_precipitation_amount"Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Stratiform Precipitation Amount"

 

N/A in CMIP

m"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: sum"

 
   "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos" 

lweprc

 

N/A in CMIP

time,lat,lonlwe_thickness_of_convective_precipitation_amount"Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Convective Precipitation Amount"

 

N/A in CMIP

m"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: sum"

 		    "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"

lwepr

 

N/A in CMIP

time,lat,lonlwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount"Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Total Precipitation Amount"

 

N/A in CMIP

m"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: sum"

   
    "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"
lweprsn

 

N/A in CMIP

time,lat,lonlwe_thickness_of_snowfall_amount"Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Snowfall Amount"

 

N/A in CMIP

m"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: sum"

 
   "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos" 
hfsstime,lat,lonsurface_upward_sensible_heat_flux"Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux"W m-2"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)"
C3S: interval is required.
CF: interval is optional
    "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"
hflstime,lat,lonsurface_upward_latent_heat_flux"Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux"W m-2"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)"
C3S: interval is required.
CF: interval is optional
    "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"
rsdsrsdstime,lat,lonsurface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air"Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation"W m-2"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)"
C3S: interval is required.
CF: interval is optional
   "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos" 
rldstime,lat,lonsurface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air"Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation"W m-2"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)"
C3S: interval is required.
CF: interval is optional
    "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"
rsstime,lat,lonsurface_net_downward_shortwave_flux"Net Shortwave Surface Radiation"W m-2"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)"
C3S: interval is required.
CF: interval is optional
    "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"
rlstime,lat,lonsurface_net_downward_longwave_flux"Net Longwave Surface Radiation"W m-2"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)"
C3S: interval is required.
CF: interval is optional
   "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos" 

rst

 

N/A in CMIP

time,lat,lontoa_net_downward_shortwave_flux

"TOA Net Downward Shortwave Radiation"

N/A in CMIP

W m-2"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)"
C3S: interval is required.
CF: interval is optional
    "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"

rlt

 

N/A in CMIP

time,lat,lontoa_net_downward_longwave_flux

"TOA Net Downward Longwave Radiation"

N/A in CMIP

W m-2"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)"
C3S: interval is r equired.
CF: interval is optional
    "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"
rsdtrsdttime,lat,lontoa_incoming_shortwave_flux"TOA Incident Shortwave Radiation"W m-2"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)"
C3S: interval is required.
CF: interval is optional
   "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos" 
tauutime,lat,lonsurface_downward_eastward_stress"Surface Downward Eastward Wind Stress"Pa"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)"
C3S: interval is required.
CF: interval is optional
   "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos" 
tauvtime,lat,lonsurface_downward_northward_stress"Surface Downward Northward Wind Stress"Pa"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)"
C3S: interval is required.
CF: interval is optional
    "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"atmos"

lwee

 

N/A in CMIP

time,lat,lonlwe_thickness_of_water_evaporation_amount

"Liquid Water Equivalent of Evaporation Amount"

N/A in CMIP

m"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: sum"

 
    "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"land"

mrroa

N/A in CMIP

time,lat,lonrunoff_amount

"Total Run-off Amount"

N/A in CMIP

kg m-2"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: sum"
 
   : sum"

 
  "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"land" 

mrroas

N/A in CMIP

time,lat,lonsurface_runoff_amount

"Surface Run-off Amount"

N/A in CMIP

kg m-2"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: sum"

 
    "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"land"

mrroab

N/A in CMIP

time,lat,lonsubsurface_runoff_amount

"Subsurface Run-off Amount"

N/A in CMIP

kg m-2"reftime realization time leadtime lat lon""time: sum"

 
    "frequency":"day"
"level_type": "surface"
"modeling_realm":"land"

Pressure Level Fields

  attributes 
name
(CMIP5)		dimensionsstandard_namelong_name
(CMIP5)		unitscoordinatescell_methodsvalid_minvalid_maxNOTESglobal attributes
zgtime,plev,lat,longeopotential_height"Geopotential Height"m"reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended
  "frequency":"12hr"
"level_type": "pressure"
"frequencymodeling_realm":"12hratmos"
tatime,plev,lat,lonair_temperature"Air Temperature"K"reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended
  "frequency":"12hr"
"level_type": "pressure"
"frequencymodeling_realm":"12hratmos"
hustime,plev,lat,lonspecific_humidity"Specific Humidity"1"reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended
  "frequency":"12hr"
"level_type": "pressure"
"frequencymodeling_realm":"12hratmos"

rv

N/A in CMIP

time,plev,lat,lonatmosphere_relative_vorticity

"Relative Vorticity"

N/A in CMIP

s-1"reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended
  "frequency":"12hr"
"level_type": "pressure"
"frequencymodeling_realm":"12hratmos"

wnddiv

N/A in CMIP

time,plev,lat,londivergence_of_wind

"Divergence of Wind"

N/A in CMIP

s-1"reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended
  "frequency":"12hr"
"level_type": "pressure"
"frequencymodeling_realm":"12hratmos"
uatime,plev,lat,lonx_wind"Eastward Wind"m s-1"reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended
  "frequency":"12hr"
"level_type": "pressure"
"frequencymodeling_realm":"12hratmos"
vatime,plev,lat,lony_wind"Northward Wind"m s-1"reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon""time: point"

C3S: required 
CF: recommended
  "frequency":"12hr"
"level_type": "pressure"
"frequencymodeling_realm":"12hratmos"