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- first step: compare grid point average to observation area average. The systematic errors are then due to model shortcomings; the non-systematic errors stem from synoptic phase and intensity errors.
- second step: compare the systematic errors between observation average and point observation. The The systematic errors come from station representativeness station representativeness (i.e. the location, height and aspect of the observation) and the . The non-systematic errors come from sub-grid scale variability.
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Sub-grid variability (notably for rainfall but other parameters too) can be addressed by downscaling. Downscaling converts the
Downscaling converts:
- the average grid box
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- probability density functions from
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- raw
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- ENS into
- "point rainfall probability density functions" for points within
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- the grid box.
New downscaling techniques are being developed accordingly (see for example the Point Rainfall product).
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