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This catalogue entry provides daily and monthly global climate projections on single levels data from a large number of experiments, models , members and time periods computed in the framework of sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6).

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Historical experiments which cover the period where modern climate observations exist. These experiments show how the GCMs performs for the past climate and can be used as a reference period for comparison with scenario runs for the future. The period covered is typically 1850-2005.
Ensemble of climate Climate projection experiments following the combined pathways of Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP). The SSP scenarios provide different pathways of the future climate forcing. The period covered is typically 2006-2100, some extended RCP experimental data is available from 2100-2300.

In CMIP6, the same experiments were run using different GCMs. In addition, for each model, the same experiment was repeatedly done using slightly different conditions (like initial conditions or different physical parameterisations for instance) producing in that way an ensemble of experiments closely related. this catalogue entry the users will be able to select vertical levels for the 3-dimensional variables and spatial and temporal subsetting of all the available data. This is a new feature of the global climate projection dataset, which relies on compute processes run simultaneously in the ESGF nodes, where the data are originally located.

The data are produced by the participating institutes of the CMIP6 project.

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DATA DESCRIPTION
Data type	Gridded
Horizontal coverage	Global
Horizontal resolution	From 0.125° x 0.125° to 5° x 5° depending on the model
Vertical resolution	Variables are provided either in one single level which may differ among variables.(2-dimensional fields) or in pressure levels (3-dimensional fields)
Temporal coverage	1850-2300 (shorter for some experiments)
Temporal resolution	MonthDaily and Monthly
File format	NetCDF

MAIN VARIABLES
Name	Units	Description

10m u component of windm s^-1Magnitude of the eastward component of the two-dimensional horizontal air velocity near the surface.10m v component of windm s^-1

Near-Surface Air Temperature

K

Temperature of the air

Magnitude of the northward component of the two-dimensional horizontal air velocity

near the surface.

10m wind_speedm s^-1Magnitude of the two-dimensional horizontal air velocity near thesurface.2m temperatureKTemperature of the air near the surface.Eastward turbulent surface stressN s m^-2Eastward component of the horizontal drag exerted by the atmosphere on the surface through turbulent processes.Evaporationkg m^-2 s^-1Evaporation rate. It includes conversion to vapor phase from both the liquid and solid phase, i.e., includes sublimation.Maximum 2m temperature in the last 24 hoursK

Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air Temperature

K

Daily maximum near-surface air temperature.

Mean precipitation fluxkg m^-2 s^-1Amount of water per unit area and time.Mean sea level pressurePaTime average of the air pressure at sea level.Minimum 2m temperature in the last 24 hoursK

Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air Temperature

K

Daily minimum near-surface air temperature.

Near surface relative humidity%Amount of moisture in the air near the surface divided by the maximum amount of moisture that could exist in the air at a specific temperature and location.Near surface specific humidityDimensionlessAmount of moisture in the air near the surface divided by amount of air plus moist at that location.Northward turbulent surface stressN s m^-2Northward component of the horizontal drag exerted by the atmosphere on the surface through turbulent processes.Runoffkg m^-2 s^-1Amount per unit area of surface and subsurface liquid water which drains from land.Sea ice fractionDimensionlessArea of the sea surface occupied by sea ice.Sea ice plus snow amountkg m^-2Mass per unit area of sea ice plus snow in the ocean portion of the grid cell averaged over the entire ocean portion, including the ice-free fraction. Reported as 0.0 in regions free of sea ice.Sea ice surface temperatureKTemperature that exists at the interface of tea sea-ice and the overlying medium which may be air or snow.Sea ice thicknessmVertical extent of ocean sea ice.Sea surface height above geoidmVertical distance between the actual sea surface and a surface of constant geopotential with which mean sea level would coincide if the ocean were at rest.Sea surface temperatureKTemperature of sea water near the surface.Skin temperatureKTemperature

Daily Maximum Near-Surface Wind Speed	m s^-1	Daily maximum 10m wind speed
Surface Temperature	K	Temperature at the interface (not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below) between air and sea for open-sea regions.

Snow depth over sea iceKMean thickness of snow in the ocean portion of the grid cell (averaging over the entire ocean portion, including the snow-free ocean fraction). Reported as 0.0 in regions free of snow-covered sea ice.Snowfallkg m^-2 s^-1Mass of water in the form of snow precipitating per unit area.Soil moisture contentkg m^-2Vertical sum per unit area from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model of water in all phases contained in soil.Surface latent heat fluxW m^-2Flux per unit area of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation including sublimation. Positive when directed upward (negative downward).Surface pressurePaPressure of air at the lower boundary of the atmopshereSurface sensible heat fluxW m^-2Flux per unit area of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air only. Positive when directed upward (negative downward).Surface snow amountkg m^-2Snow amount on the ground, excluding that on the plant or vegetation canopy, per unit area.Surface solar radiation downwardsW m^-2Radiative shortwave flux of energy downward at the surface.Surface thermal radiation downwardsW m^-2Radiation inciding on the surface from the above per unit area.Surface upwelling longwave radiationW m^-2Longwave radiation from the surface per unit area.Surface upwelling shortwave radiationW m^-2Shortwave radiation from the surface per unit area.TOA incident solar radiationW m^-2Incident solar radiation at the top of atmosphereTOA outgoing clear-sky longwave radiationW m^-2Longwave radiation from the top of the atmosphere to space per unit area assuming clear-sky conditionsTOA outgoing clear-sky shortwave radiationW m^-2Shortwave radiation from the top of the atmosphere to space per unit area assuming clear-sky conditionsTOA outgoing longwave radiationW m^-2Longwave radiation from the top of the atmosphere to space per unit area.TOA outgoing shortwave radiationW m^-2Shortwave radiation from the top of the atmosphere to space per unit area.Total cloud coverDimensionlessTotal refers to the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. Cloud cover refers to fraction of horizontal area occupied by clouds.

Name

Units

Description

2m temperature

Kelvin

Temperature of the air near the surface.

Maximum 2m temperature in the last 24 hours

Kelvin

Daily maximum near-surface air temperature.

Minimum 2m temperature in the last 24 hours

Kelvin

Daily minimum near-surface air temperature.Skin temperatureKelvinTemperature at the interface (not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below) between air and sea for open-sea regions.Mean sea level pressure

Sea Level Pressure

Pa	Time average of the air pressure at sea level.
Surface

pressure

Air Pressure

Pa

Pressure of air at the lower boundary of the atmosphere

10m u component of wind

Eastward Near-Surface Wind

m s^-1

Magnitude of the eastward component of the two-dimensional horizontal air velocity near the surface.

10m v component of wind

Northward Near-Surface Wind

m s^-1

Magnitude of the northward component of the two-dimensional horizontal air velocity near the surface.

10m wind speed

Near-Surface Wind Speed

m s^-1

Magnitude of the two-dimensional horizontal air velocity near the surface.

2m relative humidity

Near-Surface Relative Humidity

%

Amount of moisture in the air near the surface divided by the maximum amount of moisture that could exist in the air at a specific temperature and location.

2m specific humidity

Near-Surface Specific Humidity

Dimensionless

Amount of moisture in the air near the surface divided by amount of air plus moist at that location.

Mean precipitation flux

Precipitation	kg m^-2 s^-1	Amount of water per unit area and time.
Snowfall Flux	kg m^-2 s^-1	Mass of water in the form of snow precipitating per unit area.
Evaporation Including Sublimation and Transpiration	kg m^-2 s^-1	Evaporation rate. It includes conversion to vapour phase from both the liquid and solid phase, i.e., includes sublimation.
Atmosphere Water Vapor Content

Eastward turbulent surface stress

kg m^-2	Vertically integrated water vapor amount through the atmospheric column.
Surface Downward Eastward Wind Stress	Pa	Eastward component of the horizontal drag exerted by the atmosphere on the surface through turbulent processes.

Northward turbulent surface stress

Surface Downward Northward Wind Stress	Pa	Northward component of the horizontal drag exerted by the atmosphere on the surface through turbulent processes.
Surface

latent heat flux

Upward Latent Heat Flux	W m^-2	Flux per unit area of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation including sublimation. Positive when directed upward (negative downward).
Surface

sensible heat flux

Upward Sensible Heat Flux

W m^-

2

²	Flux per unit area of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air only. Positive when directed upward (negative downward).
Surface

thermal radiation downwards

Downwelling Longwave Radiation	W m^-2	Radiation inciding on the surface from the above per unit area.
Surface

upwelling longwave radiation

Upwelling Longwave Radiation	W m^-2	Longwave radiation from the surface per unit area.
Surface

solar radiation downwards

Downwelling Shortwave Radiation

W m^-2

	Radiative shortwave flux of energy downward at the surface.
Surface Upwelling Shortwave Radiation

Surface upwelling shortwave radiation

	W m^-2	Shortwave radiation from the surface per unit area.
TOA

incident solar radiation

Incident Shortwave Radiation	W m^-2	Incident solar radiation at the top of atmosphere
TOA

outgoing shortwave radiation

Outgoing Shortwave Radiation	W m^-2	Shortwave radiation from the top of the atmosphere to space per unit area.
TOA Outgoing Longwave Radiation	W m^-2	Longwave radiation from the top of the atmosphere to space per unit area.
TOA Outgoing Shortwave Flux Assuming Clear Sky	W m^-2	Shortwave radiation from the top of the atmosphere to space per unit area assuming clear-sky conditions.
TOA

outgoing longwave radiation

Outgoing Longwave Flux Assuming Clear Sky	W m^-2	Longwave radiation from the top of the atmosphere to space per unit area assuming clear-sky conditions.
Total

cloud cover

Cloud Cover Percentage	Dimensionless	Total refers to the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. Cloud cover refers to fraction of horizontal area occupied by clouds.
Air

temperature

Temperature

K

Temperature of the air.

U-component of wind

Eastward Wind

m s^-1

Magnitude of the eastward component of the two-dimensional horizontal air velocity.

V-component of wind

Northward Wind	m s^-1	Magnitude of the northward component of the two-dimensional horizontal air velocity.
Relative

humidity

Humidity	%	Amount of moisture in the air divided by the maximum amount of moisture that could exist in the air at a specific temperature and location.
Specific

humidity

Humidity	Dimensionless	Amount of moisture in the air divided by amount of air plus moisture at that location.
Geopotential

height

Height	m	Gravitational potential energy per unit mass normalised by the standard gravity at mean sea level at the same latitude. It is also used as vertical coordinate referenced to Earth's mean sea level since its value is proportional to the elevation above the mean sea level.
Surface

snow amount

Snow Amount	kg m^-2	Snow amount on the ground, excluding that on the plant or vegetation canopy, per unit area.
Snow

depth

Depth	m	Mean thickness of snow.
Total Runoff	kg m^-2 s^-1	Amount per unit area of surface and subsurface liquid water which drains from land.

Soil moisture content

Surface Runoff Flux	kg m^-2 s^-1	The total surface runoff leaving the land portion of the grid cell divided by the land area in the grid cell (report as "missing" or 0.0 where the land fraction is 0.).
Moisture in Upper Portion of Soil Column	kg m^-2	Vertical sum per unit area from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model of water in all phases contained in soil.
Sea-

ice area percentage1

Ice Area Percentage (Ocean Grid)	%	Area of the sea surface occupied by sea ice.
Sea

ice thickness

Ice Thickness	m	Vertical extent of ocean sea ice.
Sea

ice plus snow amount

-Ice Mass per Area

kg m^-2

Mass per unit area of sea ice plus snow in the ocean portion of the grid cell averaged over the entire ocean portion, including the ice-free fraction. Reported as 0.0 in regions free of sea ice.

Sea ice surface temperature

Surface Temperature of Sea Ice	K	Temperature that exists at the interface of tea sea-ice and the overlying medium which may be air or snow.
Sea

surface temperature

Surface Temperature	K	Temperature of sea water near the surface.
Sea

surface salinity1e-3

Surface Salinity	PSU	Salt concentration close to the ocean's surface.
Sea Surface Height Above Geoid

Sea surface height above geoid

	m	Vertical distance between the actual sea surface and a surface of constant geopotential with which mean sea level would coincide if the ocean were at rest.
Grid-Cell Area for Ocean Variables	m^-

cell area for ocean variablesm2Sea area percentage%Grid-cell area for atmospheric grid variablesm2

²	The area of the grid cell in the ocean. The data is time-independent.
Sea Area Percentage	%	The percentage of sea surface in a grid cell. The data is time-independent.
Grid-Cell Area for Atmospheric Grid Variables	m^-2	The area of the grid cell in the atmosphere. The data is time-independent.
Capacity of Soil to Store Water (Field Capacity

Capacity of soil to store water (field capacity

)

kg m^-2

Percentage of

The total water holding capacity of all the soil in the grid cell

occupied

divided by the land

(including lakes

area of the grid cell.
Percentage of the Grid Cell Occupied by Land (Including Lakes)	%	The percentage of land or lake surface in a grid cell. The data is time-independent.
Land

ice area percentage

Ice Area Percentage	%	Fraction of grid cell occupied by "permanent" ice (e.g. glaciers). The data is time-independent.
Surface Altitude	m	The height above the geoid (being 0.0 over the sea). The data is time-independent.

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