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title	Click here to expand... CMIP6 experiments included in the CDS

Experiment name	Extended Description
historical	The historical experiment is a simulation of the recent past from 1850 to 2014, it is performed with a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM). In the historical simulations the model is forced with changing conditions (consistent with observations) which include atmospheric composition, land use and solar forcing. The initial conditions for the historical simulation are taken from the pre-industrial control simulation (piControl) at a point where the remaining length of the piControl is sufficient to extend beyond the period of the historical simulation to the end of any future "scenario" simulations run by the same model. The historical simulation is used to evaluate model performance against present climate and observed climate change.
SSP5-8.5	SSP5-8.5	ssp585	ssp585 is a scenario experiment extending into the near future from 2015 to 2100, it is performed with a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM). The forcing for the CMIP6 SSP experiments is derived from shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), a set of emission scenarios driven by different socioeconomic assumptions, paired with representative concentration pathways (RCPs), global forcing pathways which lead to specific end of century radiative forcing targets. ssp585 SSP5-8.5 is based on SSP5 in which climate change mitigation challenges dominate and RCP8.5, a future pathway with a radiative forcing of 8.5 W/m2 in the year 2100. The ssp585 scenario represents the high end of plausible future forcing pathways. ssp585 SSP5-8.5 is comparable to the CMIP5 experiment RCP8.5.
SSP3-7.0	SSP3-7.0	ssp370	ssp370 is a scenario experiment extending into the near future from 2015 to 2100, it is performed with a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM). The forcing for the CMIP6 SSP experiments is derived from shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), a set of emission scenarios driven by different socioeconomic assumptions, paired with representative concentration pathways (RCPs), global forcing pathways which lead to specific end of century radiative forcing targets. ssp370 SSP3-7.0 is based on SSP3 in which climate change mitigation and adaptation challenges are high and RCP7.0, a future pathway with a radiative forcing of 7.0 W/m2 in the year 2100. The ssp370 SSP3-7.0 scenario represents the medium to high end of plausible future forcing pathways. SSP3-7. ssp370 0 fills a gap in the CMIP5 forcing pathways that is particularly important because it represents a forcing level common to several (unmitigated) SSP baseline pathways.
SSP2-4.5	SSP2-4.5	ssp245	ssp245 is a scenario experiment extending into the near future from 2015 to 2100, it is performed with a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM). The forcing for the CMIP6 SSP experiments is derived from shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), a set of emission scenarios driven by different socioeconomic assumptions, paired with representative concentration pathways (RCPs), global forcing pathways which lead to specific end of century radiative forcing targets. ssp245 SSP2-4.5 is based on SSP2 with intermediate climate change mitigation and adaptation challenges and RCP4.5, a future pathway with a radiative forcing of 4.5 W/m2 in the year 2100. The ssp245 scenario represents the medium part of plausible future forcing pathways. ssp245 SSP2-4.5 is comparable to the CMIP5 experiment RCP4.5.
SSP1-2.6	SSP1-2.6	ssp126	ssp126 is a scenario experiment extending into the near future from 2015 to 2100, it is performed with a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM). The forcing for the CMIP6 SSP experiments is derived from shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), a set of emission scenarios driven by different socioeconomic assumptions, paired with representative concentration pathways (RCPs), global forcing pathways which lead to specific end of century radiative forcing targets. SSP1-2. ssp126 6 is based on SSP1 with low climate change mitigation and adaptation challenges and RCP2.6, a future pathway with a radiative forcing of 2.6 W/m2 in the year 2100. The ssp126 SSP1-2.6 scenario represents the low end of plausible future forcing pathways. ssp126 SSP1-2.6 depicts a "best case" future from a sustainability perspective.
SSP4-6.0	SSP4-6.0	ssp460	ssp460 is a scenario experiment extending into the near future from 2015 to 2100, it is performed with a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM). The forcing for the CMIP6 SSP experiments is derived from shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), a set of emission scenarios driven by different socioeconomic assumptions, paired with representative concentration pathways (RCPs), global forcing pathways which lead to specific end of century radiative forcing targets. ssp460 SSP4-6.0 is based on SSP4 in which climate change adaptation challenges dominate and RCP6.0, a future pathway with a radiative forcing of 6.0 W/m2 in the year 2100. The ssp460 SSP4-6.0 scenario fills in the range of medium plausible future forcing pathways. SSP4-6.ssp460 0 defines the low end of the forcing range for unmitigated SSP baseline scenarios.
SSP4-3.4	SSP4-3.4	ssp434	ssp434 is a scenario experiment extending into the near future from 2015 to 2100, it is performed with a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM). The forcing for the CMIP6 SSP experiments is derived from shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), a set of emission scenarios driven by different socioeconomic assumptions, paired with representative concentration pathways (RCPs), global forcing pathways which lead to specific end of century radiative forcing targets. SSP4-3. ssp434 4 is based on SSP4 in which climate change adaptation challenges dominate and RCP3.4, a future pathway with a radiative forcing of 3.4 W/m2 in the year 2100. The ssp434 SSP4-3.4 scenario fills a gap at the low end of the range of plausible future forcing pathways. SSP4-3.ssp434 4 is of interest to mitigation policy since mitigation costs differ substantially between forcing levels of 4.5 W/m2 and 2.6 W/m2.
ssp534SSP5-over3.4OS	ssp534SSP5-over 3.4OS is a scenario experiment with simulations beginning in the mid-21st century running from 2040 to 2100, it is performed with a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM). The forcing for the CMIP6 SSP experiments is derived from shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), a set of emission scenarios driven by different socioeconomic assumptions, paired with representative concentration pathways (RCPs), global forcing pathways which lead to specific end of century radiative forcing targets. ssp534SSP5-over 3.4OS is based on SSP5 in which climate change mitigation challenges dominate and RCP3.4-over, a future pathway with a peak and decline in forcing towards an eventual radiative forcing of 3.4 W/m2 in the year 2100. The ssp534SSP5-over 3.4OS scenario branches from ssp585 SSP5-8.5 in the year 2040 whereupon it applies substantially negative net emissions. ssp534SSP5-over 3.4OS explores the climate science and policy implications of a peak and decline in forcing during the 21st century. SSP5-3. ssp534 4OS fills a gap in existing climate simulations by investigating the implications of a substantial overshoot in radiative forcing relative to a longer-term target.
SSP1-1.9	SSP1-1.9	ssp119	ssp119 is a scenario experiment extending into the near future from 2015 to 2100, it is performed with a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM). The forcing for the CMIP6 SSP experiments is derived from shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), a set of emission scenarios driven by different socioeconomic assumptions, paired with representative concentration pathways (RCPs), global forcing pathways which lead to specific end of century radiative forcing targets. ssp119 SSP1-1.9 is based on SSP1 with low climate change mitigation and adaptation challenges and RCP1.9, a future pathway with a radiative forcing of 1.9 W/m2 in the year 2100. The ssp119 SSP1-1.9 scenario fills a gap at the very low end of the range of plausible future forcing pathways. ssp119 SSP1-1.9 forcing will be substantially below ssp126 SSP1-2.6 in 2100. There is policy interest in low-forcing scenarios that would inform a possible goal of limiting global mean warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels based on the Paris COP21 agreement.

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Frequency	Number of Levels	Pressure Levels (hPa)
Daily	8	1000., 850., 700., 500., 250., 100., 50., 10.
Monthly	19	1000., 925., 850., 700., 600., 500., 400., 300., 250., 200., 150., 100., 70., 50., 30., 20., 10., 5., 1.

Ensembles

Each modelling centre typically run the same experiment using the same model with slightly different settings several times to confirm the robustness of results and inform sensitivity studies through the generation of statistical information. A model and its collection of runs is referred to as an ensemble. Within these ensembles, four different categories of sensitivity studies are done, and the resulting individual model runs are labelled by four integers indexing the experiments in each category

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title	List of parameters

CDS parameter name for CMIP5	ESGF variable id	Long name to be used in CMIP6	Units
2m temperature	tas	Near-Surface Air Temperature	Kelvin
Maximum 2m temperature in the last 24 hours	tasmax	Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air Temperature	Kelvin
Minimum 2m temperature in the last 24 hours	tasmin	Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air Temperature	Kelvin
Maximum 10m wind speed in the last 24 hours	sfcwindmax	Daily Maximum Near-Surface Wind Speed	m s^-1
Skin temperature	ts	Surface Temperature	Kelvin
Mean sea level pressure	psl	Sea Level Pressure	Pa
Surface pressure	ps	Surface Air Pressure	Pa
10m u component of wind	uas	Eastward Near-Surface Wind	m m s^-1
10m v component of wind	vas	Northward Near-Surface Wind	m s^-1
10m wind speed	sfcWind	Near-Surface Wind Speed	m s^-1
2m relative humidity	hurs	Near-Surface Relative Humidity	1
2m specific humidity	huss	Near-Surface Specific Humidity	1
Mean precipitation flux	pr	Precipitation	kg m^-2s^-1
Snowfall	prsn	Snowfall Flux	kg m^-2s^-1
Evaporation	evspsbl	Evaporation Including Sublimation and Transpiration	kg m^-2s^-1
Atmosphere water vapor content	prw	Atmosphere Water Vapor Content	kg m^-2
Eastward turbulent surface stress	tauu	Surface Downward Eastward Wind Stress	Pa
Northward turbulent surface stress	tauv	Surface Downward Northward Wind Stress	Pa
Surface latent heat flux	hfls	Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux	W m^-2
Surface sensible heat flux	hfss	Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux	W m^-2
Surface thermal radiation downwards	rlds	Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation	W m^-2
Surface upwelling longwave radiation	rlus	Surface Upwelling Longwave Radiation	W m^-2
Surface solar radiation downwards	rsds	Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation	W m^-2
Surface upwelling shortwave radiation	rsus	Surface Upwelling Shortwave RadiationRadiation	W m^-2
TOA incident solar radiation	rsdt	TOA Incident Shortwave Radiation	W m^-2
TOA outgoing shortwave radiation	rsut	TOA Outgoing Shortwave Radiation	W m^-2
TOA outgoing longwave radiation	rlut	TOA Outgoing Longwave Radiation	W m^-2
TOA outgoing clear-sky shortwave radiation	rsutcs	TOA Outgoing Shortwave Flux Assuming Clear Sky	W m^-2
TOA outgoing clear-sky longwave radiation	rlutcs	TOA Outgoing Longwave Flux Assuming Clear Sky	W m^-2
Total cloud cover	clt	Total Cloud Cover Percentage	1
Air temperature	ta	Air Temperature	K
U-component of wind	ua	Eastward Wind	m s^-1
V-component of wind	va	Northward Wind	m s^-1
Relative humidity	hur	Relative Humidity	1
Specific humidity	hus	Specific Humidity	1
Geopotential height	zg	Geopotential Height	m
Surface snow amount	snw	Surface Snow Amount	kg m^-2
Snow depth	snd	Snow Depth	m
Surface runoff	mrros	Surface Runoff Flux	kg m^-2s^-1
Runoff	mrro	Total Runoff	kg m^-2s^-1
Soil moisture content	mrsos	Moisture in Upper Portion of Soil Column	kg m^-2
Sea-ice area percentage	siconc	Sea-Ice Area Percentage (Ocean Grid)	1
Sea ice thickness	sithick	Sea Ice Thickness	m
Sea ice plus snow amount	simass	Sea-Ice Mass per Area	kg m^-2
Sea ice surface temperature	sitemptop	Surface Temperature of Sea Ice	K
Sea surface temperature	tos	Sea Surface Temperature	K
Sea surface salinity	sos	Sea Surface Salinity	PSU
Sea surface height above geoid	zos	Sea Surface Height Above Geoid	m
Grid-cell area for ocean variables	areacello	Grid-Cell Area for Ocean Variables*	m²
Sea area percentage	sftof	Sea Area Percentage*	%
Grid-cell area for atmospheric grid variables	areacella	Grid-Cell Area for Atmospheric Grid Variables*	m²
Capacity of soil to store water (field capacity)	mrsofc	Capacity of Soil to Store Water (Field Capacity)*	kg m^-2
Percentage of grid cell occupied by land (including lakes)	sftlf	Percentage of the Grid Cell Occupied by Land (Including Lakes)*	%
Land ice area percentage	sftgif	Land Ice Area Percentage*	1
Orography	orog	Surface Altitude*	m

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Ensembles