Skip to sidebar
Skip to main content
Skip to breadcrumbs
Skip to search
Log in
Linked Applications
Something went wrong, please
try again
.
More
Spaces
Hit enter to search
ScriptRunner Enhanced Search
Help
Online Help
Keyboard Shortcuts
Feed Builder
What’s new
Available Gadgets
About Confluence
Log in
Forecast User Guide
Space shortcuts
Forecast User Portal
Search
Page tree
Section 1 Introduction
Section 2 The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System - IFS
Section 2.1 Global Atmospheric Model
Section 2.1.1 Model structure
Section 2.1.2 Model configurations
Section 2.1.3 Representation of geographical features
Section 2.1.4 Modelling surface energy fluxes
Section 2.1.4.1 Modelling land surfaces - HTESSEL
Section 2.1.4.2 Modelling lake and coastal waters - FLake
Section 2.1.4.3 Modelling ocean surfaces
Section 2.1.4.4 Modelling snow structure
Section 2.1.4.5 Modelling soil structure
Section 2.1.4.6 Modelling albedo
Section 2.1.4.7 Modelling vegetation. Leaf area index
Section 2.1.4.8 Water-surface temperature and ice concentration
Section 2.1.4.9 Assimilation and modelling 2m temperature
Section 2.1.5 Atmospheric physics
Section 2.1.6 Machine Learning models
Section 2.2 Ocean Wave Model - ECWAM
Section 2.3 Dynamic Ocean Model - NEMO
Section 2.4 Atmospheric Model Data Sources
Section 2.5 Model Data Assimilation, 4D-Var
Section 2.6 The Continuing Sequence of Analyses
Section 3 Availability and Interpolation of NWP output
Section 4 NWP Evolution versus Reality
Section 5 Forecast Ensemble (ENS) - Rationale and Construction
Section 6 Using Deterministic and Probabilistic Forecasts
Section 7 ENS Products - Dealing with Uncertainty
Section 8 ENS products - What they are and how to use them
Section 9 Physical considerations when interpreting model output
Section 10 Interfaces for displaying Model Output
Section 11 Conclusion
Section 12 Annexes
Browse pages
Configure
Space tools
Overview
Community Forums
Content Tools
Browse pages
View Page
A
t
tachments (12)
Page History
Page Information
View in Hierarchy
View Source
Export to PDF
Export to Word
Hide Inline Comments
Pages
…
Forecast User Guide
Section 2 The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System - IFS
Section 2.1 Global Atmospheric Model
Section 2.1.4 Modelling surface energy fluxes
Section 2.1.4.4 Modelling snow structure
Page Information
Title:
Section 2.1.4.4 Modelling snow structure
Author:
Bob Owens
Nov 12, 2024
Last Changed by:
Bob Owens
Mar 31, 2025
Tiny Link:
(useful for email)
https://confluence.ecmwf.int/x/Q-6RGw
Export As:
Word
·
PDF
Hierarchy
Parent Page
Page:
Section 2.1.4 Modelling surface energy fluxes
Labels
Global Labels (1)
owned-single-by-mobo
Recent Changes
Time
Editor
Mar 31, 2025 20:15
Bob Owens
View Changes
Mar 31, 2025 20:02
Bob Owens
View Changes
Mar 31, 2025 19:59
Bob Owens
View Changes
Jan 29, 2025 20:45
Bob Owens
View Changes
Jan 29, 2025 20:30
Bob Owens
View Page History
Outgoing Links
External Links (15)
https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/FUG/Section+9.6.1+Mari…
https://charts.ecmwf.int/products/medium-snow-sic?projectio…
https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/FUG/Section+2.1.4.2+Mo…
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/5/727
https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/FUG/Section+2.1.4.6+Mo…
https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/FUG/Section+2.1.4.1+Mo…
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/20…
https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/2701/2022/tc-16-2701-…
https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/FUG/Section+2.3+Dynami…
https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/~mobo/Copy+July24++Sec…
https://charts.ecmwf.int/products/w_sst?area=Europe&level=s…
https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/2023-06/Part-IV-P…
https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/FUG/Section+2.1.4.9+As…
https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2015/173…
https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/LDAS/LDAS+Home
Forecast User Guide (1)
Page:
Section 2.1.4.4 Modelling snow structure
Overview
Community Forums
Content Tools
{"serverDuration": 168, "requestCorrelationId": "1b50b87bc2fda1f0"}