Overview
The Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) assimilates fire radiative power (FRP) observations from satellite-based sensors to produce daily estimates of biomass burning emissions. It has been extended to include information about injection heights derived from fire observations and meteorological information from the operational weather forecasts of ECMWF.
FRP observations currently assimilated in GFAS are the NASA Terra MODIS and Aqua MODIS active fire products (http://modis-fire.umd.edu/).
GFAS data includes: Fire Radiative Power (FRP), dry matter burnt and biomass burning emissions.
Data are available globally on a regular lat-lon grid with horizontal resolution of 0.1 degrees from 2003 to present. The features of the current version of GFAS (GFAS v1.2) are:
- Injection height daily data (Mean altitude of maximum injection and Altitude of plume top) as provided by a Plume Rise Model
- Pixel based quality control for MODIS/Aqua and Terra and SEVIRI observations
- Statistical regression of the output when assimilating only Aqua or Terra observations so as to preserve consistency with data obtained assimilating Aqua and Terra observations
The gridded satellite data (stream=gfas, type=gsd) are also available hourly (e.g. gridded Aqua FRP from 1 to 2 UTC).
List of GFAS parameters
Gridded plume rise model parameters | short name | units | Parameter ID |
| Mean altitude of maximum injection | mami | m | 119.210 |
| Altitude of plume top | apt | m | 120.210 |
| GFAS analysis surface parameters | short name | units | Parameter ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wildfire flux of Carbon Dioxide | co2fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 80.210 |
| Wildfire flux of Carbon Monoxide | cofire | kg m-2 s-1 | 81.210 |
| Wildfire flux of Methane | ch4fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 82.210 |
| Wildfire flux of Non-Methane Hydro-Carbons | nmhcfire | kg m-2 s-1 | 83.210 |
| Wildfire flux of Hydrogen | h2fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 84.210 |
| Wildfire flux of Nitrogen Oxides NOx | noxfire | kg m-2 s-1 | 85.210 |
| Wildfire flux of Nitrous Oxide | n2ofire | kg m-2 s-1 | 86.210 |
| Wildfire flux of Particulate Matter PM2.5 | pm2p5fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 87.210 |
| Wildfire flux of Total Particulate Matter | tpmfire | kg m-2 s-1 | 88.210 |
| Wildfire flux of Total Carbon in Aerosols | tcfire | kg m-2 s-1 | 89.210 |
| Wildfire flux of Organic Carbon | ocfire | kg m-2 s-1 | 90.210 |
| Wildfire flux of Black Carbon | bcfire | kg m-2 s-1 | 91.210 |
| Wildfire overall flux of burnt Carbon | cfire | kg m-2 s-1 | 92.210 |
| Wildfire combustion rate | crfire | kg m-2 s-1 | 100.210 |
| Wildfire flux of Sulfur Dioxide | so2fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 102.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Methanol (CH3OH) | ch3ohfire | kg m-2 s-1 | 103.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Ethanol (C2H5OH) | c2h5ohfire | kg m-2 s-1 | 104.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Propane (C3H8) | c3h8fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 105.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Ethene (C2H4) | c2h4fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 106.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Propene (C3H6) | c3h6fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 107.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Isoprene (C5H8) | c5h8fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 108.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Terpenes (C5H8)n | terpenesfire | kg m-2 s-1 | 109.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Toluene_lump (C7H8+ C6H6 + C8H10) | toluenefire | kg m-2 s-1 | 110.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Higher Alkenes (CnH2n, C>=4) | hialkenesfire | kg m-2 s-1 | 111.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Higher Alkanes (CnH2n+2, C>=4) | hialkanesfire | kg m-2 s-1 | 112.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Formaldehyde (CH2O) | ch2ofire | kg m-2 s-1 | 113.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Acetaldehyde (C2H4O) | c2h4ofire | kg m-2 s-1 | 114.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Acetone (C3H6O) | c3h6ofire | kg m-2 s-1 | 115.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Ammonia (NH3) | nh3fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 116.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Dimethyl Sulfide (DMS) (C2H6S) | c2h6sfire | kg m-2 s-1 | 117.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Ethane (C2H6) | c2h6fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 118.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Toluene (C7H8) | c7h8fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 231.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Benzene (C6H6) | c6h6fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 232.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Xylene (C8H10) | c8h10fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 233.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Butenes (C4H8) | c4h8fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 234.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Pentenes (C5H10) | c5h10fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 235.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Hexene (C6H12) | c6h12fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 236.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Octene (C8H16) | c8h16fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 237.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Butanes (C4H10) | c4h10fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 238.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Pentanes (C5H12) | c5h12fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 239.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Hexanes (C6H14) | c6h14fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 240.210 |
| Wildfire Flux of Heptane (C7H16) | c7h16fire | kg m-2 s-1 | 241.210 |
Gridded satellite parameters | short name | units | Parameter ID |
| Wildfire viewing angle of observation | vafire | degrees | 79.210 |
| Wildfire fraction of area observed | offire | dimensionless | 97.210 |
| Number of positive FRP pixels per grid cell | nofrp | 98.210 | |
| Wildfire radiative power | frpfire | W m-2 | 99.210 |
| Wildfire radiative power maximum | maxfrpfire | W | 101.210 |
Gridded satellite variables are raw satellite data averaged and gridded to hourly 0.1 degree grid fields.
Analysis surface variables are output from the GFAS data assimilation.
Satellites and instruments (under development!)
| Parameter | Instrument | Satellite | Period | Data Provider/version |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FRP | MODIS | Terra | 2000-present | NASA LANCE-MODIS, collection 6 |
| FRP | MODIS | Aqua | 2003-present | NASA LANCE-MODIS, collection 6 |
Licence
Before downloading data, users must accept the Copernicus CAMS data licence
GFAS data access
Access to the archive is either:
- via the web (for sample data, limited to one year) using the ECMWF data server web interface:http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/data/cams-gfas/
- or through WebAPI, which is the method allowing users to download CAMS data in an operational programmatic way (using Python - example scripts are available).
The gridded satellite data (stream=gfas, type=gsd) may be browsed through the GFAS catalogue and then retrieved via Web-API.
GFAS data file name and file format
GFAS File format is GRIB. See What are GRIB files and How to read or decode a GRIB file for more information.
GFAS Maps
The latest daily Fire Radiative Power (FRP) analysis from GFAS is available here. The map represents the thermal radiation measured from space-borne sensors and detected as coming from actively burning vegetation and other open fires. It is expressed as the daily average of the fire radiative power (FRP) observations made in 125 km grid cells and expressed in the units of [mW/m2]. The rate of release of thermal radiation by a fire is believed to be related to the rate at which fuel is being consumed and smoke produced. Therefore, these daily averaged FRP areal intensity data are used in the global estimation of open vegetation fire trace gas and particulate emissions.
Archived Fire Radiative Power maps (global and by selected areas) are available here for the past 5 days.
Known issues
- 3 July 2018: GFAS production moved to ECMWF operations; standard output updated to include altitude of plume bottom and injection height from IS4FIRES.
- 23-27 June 2018: Limited MODIS FRP observations being used in daily NRT GFAS processing.
- 19 December 2016: Aqua and Terra MODIS FRP data changed from collection 5 to collection 6.
- 8-9 August 2016: no Aqua MODIS data available leading to reduced GFAS emissions over Africa and South America - all other regions seem to be unaffected.
- 22 April 2016: Terra MODIS data reintroduced to GFAS processing.
- 1 March 2016: Terra MODIS removed from GFAS processing.
- 24 February - 4 March 2016: anomalous FRP values associated with degraded Terra MODIS data being used in GFAS.
- Updated 20 September 2016: GFAS FRP values for these dates have been recalculated using Aqua MODIS data only and have replaced the anomalous values in the GFAS catalogue. For users that have downloaded the GFAS data for these dates, we recommend to download them again.
How to cite the CAMS GFAS
Please acknowledge the use of the CAMS GFAS as stated in the Copernicus CAMS License agreement:
"Where the Licensee communicates to the public or distributes or publishes CAMS Information, the Licensee shall inform the recipients of the source of that information by using the following or any similar notice:
Where the Licensee makes or contributes to a publication or distribution containing adapted or modified CAMS Information, the Licensee shall provide the following or any similar notice:
Any such publication or distribution shall state that "neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains."
References
Francesca Di Giuseppe, Samuel Rémy, Florian Pappenberger, and Fredrik Wetterhall, 2018: Combining fire radiative power observations with the fire weather index improves the estimation of fire emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 18, 5359–5370, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2017-790
- Rémy, S., A. Veira, R. Paugam, M. Sofiev, J. W. Kaiser, F. Marenco, S. P. Burton, A. Benedetti, R. J. Engelen, R. Ferrare, and J. W. Hair, 2017: Two global data sets of daily fire emission injection heights since 2003, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2921-2942, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2921-2017.
- N. Andela (VUA), J.W. Kaiser (ECMWF, KCL), A. Heil (FZ Jülich), T.T. van Leeuwen (VUA), G.R. van der Werf (VUA), M.J. Wooster (KCL), S. Remy (ECMWF) and M.G. Schultz (FZ Jülich), Assessment of the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFASv1). [PDF]
- Kaiser, J. W., Heil, A., Andreae, M. O., Benedetti, A., Chubarova, N., Jones, L., Morcrette, J.-J., Razinger, M., Schultz, M. G., Suttie, M., and van der Werf, G. R. (2012). Biomass burning emissions estimated with a global fire assimilation system based on observed fire radiative power. BG, 9:527-554. [PDF]
- Xu et al. (2010) New GOES imager algorithms for cloud and active fire detection and fire radiative power assessment across North, South and Central America. RSE Vol. 114 [PDF]
- Heil et al. (2010) Assessment of the Real-Time Fire Emissions (GFASv0) by MACC, ECMWF Tech. Memo No. 628 [PDF]
- Di Giuseppe, F, Remy, S, Pappenberger, F, Wetterhall, F (2016): Improving GFAS and CAMS biomass burning estimations by means of the Global ECMWF Fire Forecast system (GEFF), ECMWF Tech. Memo No. 790 [PDF]
