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Created by Michela Giusti

Notes:

add a note to clearly explain to users that regional = european
update links to latest CAMS-50 deliverable pdf available - pdf should be made available in ADS documentation tab
Dataset citation needed from CAMS-50
Figure showing WCS needs to be updated!! WCS is being dropped and WMS is to be made available through apps.ecmwf.int

Introduction

The regional air quality production of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) is based on an ensemble of 11 state-of-the-art numerical air quality models developed in Europe : CHIMERE from INERIS (France), EMEP from MET Norway (Norway), EURAD-IM from Jülich IEK (Germany), LOTOS-EUROS from KNMI and TNO (Netherlands), MATCH from SMHI (Sweden), MOCAGE from METEO-FRANCE (France), SILAM from FMI (Finland), DEHM from AARHUS UNIVERSITY (Denmark), and GEM-AQ from IEP-NRI (Poland), MONARCH from BSC (Spain) and MINNI from ENEA (Italy).

The regional air quality models provide 4-day, daily forecasts of the main atmospheric pollutants concentrations, in the lowest layers of the atmosphere for the European domain (east boundary=25.0° W, west=45.0° E, south=30.0° N, north=72.0°). Their horizontal coverage is 0.1° (approximatively 10 to 20 km), allowing background air pollution levels and medium-range atmospheric composition to be monitored and forecasted. To get insight into your local area, please liaise with your national or local air quality agency.

Alongside forecasts, the models perform daily analyses of pollutants near the surface by assimilating, i.e merging, 1-day old observations with the models. For this purpose, each system of the ensemble rely on their own data assimilation system. Surface observations are split into two sets used in the data assimilation process and for statistical assessments of forecasts and analyses. They are collected on a daily basis from the European Environmental Agency (EEA), and more precisely from its near-real-time (NRT) service for air quality measurements over Europe.

The forecasts and analyses from all partner models are combined in calculating the median value of the individual outputs, which currently gives the best estimate from the ensemble. In that case the median value is designated as the ENSEMBLE output.

Beside this near-real time production, validated and interim reanalyses of previous years are produced with the same ensemble of different models. Reanalyses products provide a revised version of the analyses using more observations, a reanalysis weather modeling and much better quality control (thus the term re-analyses).

Please note that access to the numerical data produced by the production chains of the individual models and the ENSEMBLE output is subject to your prior acceptance of the Licence agreement and registration (read more here for licence and here for registration).

Air quality models and data assimilation system

The eleven air quality models use the meteorological parameters settings coming from the 00:00 UTC operational ECMWF IFS forecast from the day before, the boundary conditions for chemical species coming from the CAMS IFS-TM5 global production, the emissions coming from CAMS emission (for anthropic emissions over Europe and for biomass burning). The domain covers the European area: 25W/30N/45E/72N since 12^th June 2019. Before this date, the domain coverage was smaller i.e. 25W/30N/45E/70N.

Table 1: Air quality models (Source: Regional Production, Updated documentation covering all Regional operational systems and the ENSEMBLE (01-2021) document)

Model	Institution
CHIMERE	INERIS (France)
DEHM	AARHUS UNIVERSITY (Denmark)
EMEP	MET Norway (Norway)
EURAD-IM	Jülich IEK (Germany)
GEM-AQ	IEP-NRI (Poland)
LOTOS-EUROS	KNMI and TNO (Netherlands)
MATCH	SMHI (Sweden)
MINNI	ENEA (Italy)
MOCAGE	METEO-FRANCE (France)
MONARCH	BSC (Spain)
SILAM	FMI (Finland)

Copernicus Knowledge Base > CAMS Regional: European air quality analysis and forecast data documentation > Clipboard - 22 novembre 2022 08 46.png

Upgrades of the CAMS global forecasting system

Upgrade	Date	Development items
U0	Feb. 2019	Integration of hourly GFAS emissions
U1.1	June 2019	Anthropogenic CAMS-REG-AP_v2.2.1 (2015) emissions New domain extended 2deg North Addition of parameter: dust in PM₁₀ fraction Addition of parameter: secondary inorganic aerosols, in PM_2.5fraction C-IFS and IFS moving to 137 vertical levels
U1.2	Oct. 2019	Addition of two new state-of-the-art numerical air quality models to form an 9-member ENSEMBLE: DEHM from AU (Denmark) GEMAQ from IEP-NRI (Poland)
U2	Feb. 2020	Anthropogenic CAMS-REG-AP_v3.1 (2016) emissions Addition of parameter: primary non-reactive aerosol tracers of wildfires, in PM₁₀ fraction Addition of parameter: elemental Carbon from residential wood burning, in PM_2.5fraction Standardisation of GFAS forcings
U3	Feb. 2020	Anthropogenic CAMS_REG_AG_v4.2 (2017) emissions Addition of parameter: alder pollen Increase of number of observation stations
U4	June 2020	Addition of parameter: mugwort pollen Implementation of CAMS-REG-AP_v4.2_REF2.1 emissions Withdrawal of parameters: elemental carbon from fossil fuel (EC_ff) and elemental carbon from residential wood burning (EC_wb) in PM_2.5fraction Addition of parameter: total elemental carbon from all activity sectors (EC_tot) in the PM_2.5fraction Addition of parameter: elemental carbon from residential emissions (EC_res) in the PM_2.5fraction
U5	Mar. 2022	Implementation of new emissions CAMS-REG-v5.1 REF2 v2.0.1 for the year 2018 Addition of two vertical output levels: 100m and 750m
U6	June 2022	Addition of two new state-of-the-art numerical air quality models to form an 11-member ENSEMBLE: MONARCH from BSC (Spain) MINNI from ENEA (Italy)
U7	Nov. 2022	Addition of folmaldehyde (HCHO) and glyoxal (CHOCHO) in the model output species
U7b	June 2023	Implementation of improvements in individual models Adaptation of productions to the CAMS cycle 48r1
U8	November 2023	Addition of parameter: Total Organic Matter, in PM_2.5fraction Addition of parameter: Sea Salt Dry, in PM₁₀ fraction Implementation of new emissions CAMS-REG-v6.1 for the year 2022

Data access

Data is available for download from the CAMS Atmosphere Data Store (ADS). CAMS ADS registered users can access the available data interactively through the CAMS European air quality forecast ADS download web interface and/or programmatically using the API as per instructions detailed here.

From 1st July 2020, the access method to the European air quality Web Map Service (WMS) is through a new server at ECMWF which hosts the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. Details are available here.

The Web Coverage Service (WCS) was shutdown on 30 June 2020. CAMS European air quality data retrieval for a specific geographical area and/or level is now served through the Atmosphere Data Store.

Data availability (HH:MM)

The CAMS European air quality forecasts is a 3-year rolling archive in the ADS for NRT product, as other/better product become available in the form of reanalyses. For traceability of research results making use of this data, we invite users to keep the files that they have downloaded and used for their research.

The production of the forecast and analysis packages take place at different times of the day : Forecast D0 (0-24h) at 05:50 UTC , D1 (25-48h) 05:55 UTC, D2 (49-72h) 07:30 UTC, D3 (73-96h) 08:00 UTC and 11:00 UTC for Analysis (-24H-1H)).

Ensemble analyses :

Data availability guaranteed by 12:00 UTC

Ensemble forecast :

0-24h forecast data availability guaranteed by 08:00 UTC

25-48h forecast data availability guaranteed by 08:00 UTC

49-72h forecast data availability guaranteed by 10:00 UTC

73-96h forecast data availability guaranteed by 10:00 UTC

It is possible that the data will be available earlier but without guarantee.

Please see the following page for the missing data for each model for the full archive period:

CAMS European air quality models data availability errors

Spatial grid

Horizontal resolution of ENSEMBLE forecasts and analyses is on a 0.1°× 0.1° regular latitude-longitude grid.

The eleven individual models have different native spatial grids (for details see Regional Production, Updated documentation covering all Regional operational systems and the ENSEMBLE (01-2021) document) and they are interpolated on the ensemble common regular grid for each time step of the daily forecasts.

Temporal frequency

The daily ensemble forecast, run from 00 UTC, with a Time resolution of 1 hour and Forecasts period from step 0h to step 96h.

Data format

Data are available in NetCDF format for the individual models outputs, and in NetCDF and Grib-Edition2 format for the ENSEMBLE outputs.

Care should be taken when decoding regional CAMS grib files. The page How to identify fields in European air-quality forecast grib files describes how they should be handled.

Level listings

Vertical levels: Surface, 50m, 100m, 250m, 500m, 750m, 1000m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m

Pollen data are available only at the surface.

Product listings (including pollen)

Model forecasts are not suitable for clinical trials.
The following species could be considered experimental and without assessment and to be used with caution:

SIA
PANs
NMVOC
PM10_WF
Anthropogenic total elementary carbon
Anthropogenic residential elementary carbon
NH3
DUST
Sea Salt Dry
Total Organic Matter

The land-sea mask field used to produce the regional air quality data is attached here below, already interpolated to a regular lat/lon grid of 0.1°x0.1°:

name	units
land-sea mask (netCDF4)	(0-1)

Variable Name	NetCDF Units	Grib Units	Variable name in ADS	Analysis	Forecast	Note
Alder pollen	grains m^-3	grains m^-3	alder_pollen		×	Forecast available from 1st January to 30th June (implemented in November 2020)
Ammonia	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	ammonia	×	×
Birch pollen	grains m^-3	grains m^-3	birch_pollen		×	Forecast available from 1st March to 31st July (implemented in November 2015)
Carbon monoxide	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	carbon_monoxide	×	×
Dust	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	dust	×	×	Dust is fraction in PM10
Grass pollen	grains m^-3	grains m^-3	grass_pollen		×	Forecast available from 1st March to 31st August (implemented in November 2016) Grass pollen species are not distinguishable at microscopic analysis, i.e., the grass source term has been parameterized to meet the “general-grass” observations.
Mugwort pollen	grains m^-3	grains m^-3	mugwort_pollen		×	Forecast available from 1st June to 31st October (implemented in June 2021)
Nitrogen dioxide	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	nitrogen_dioxide	×	×
Nitrogen monoxide	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	nitrogen_monoxide	×	×
Non-methane volatile compounds (VOCs)	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	non_methane_vocs	×	×	Mass concentration expressed as carbon in air
Olive pollen	grains m^-3	grains m^-3	olive_pollen		×	Forecast available from 1st January to 30th June (implemented in November 2016)
Ozone	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	ozone	×	×
Particulate matter d < 10 µm (PM10)	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	particulate_matter_10um	×	×
Particulate matter d < 10 µm, wildfires only (PM10_WF)	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	pm10_wildfires			Forecast available from March 2020
Particulate matter d < 2.5 µm (PM2.5)	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	particulate_matter_2	×	×
Anthropogenic total elementary carbon	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	pm2.5_anthropogenic_total_carbon	×	×	Total elementary carbon is fraction in PM2.5, Forecast available from June 2021
Anthropogenic residential elementary carbon	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	pm2.5_anthropogenic_residential_carbon	×	×	Residential elementary carbon is fraction in PM2.5, Forecast available from June 2021
Peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs)	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	peroxyacyl_nitrates	×	×
Ragweed pollen	grains m^-3	grains m^-3	ragweed_pollen		×	Forecast available from 1st July to 31st October (implemented in June 2019). In principle, the season starts in midsummer: the 2 main driving parameters are the temperature and the photoperiod. A minimum of daily mean temperature is required and too long photoperiod slows down the phenological development. So, the shortening of photoperiod is used in models as a threshold for the season start (end of July in Eastern and South-eastern Europe). The models will only deliver datasets from 1st July till 31st October.
Secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA)	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	secondary_inorganic_aerosol	×	×	SIA is fraction in PM2.5. Data available from 12 June 2019
Sulphur dioxide	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	sulphur_dioxide	×	×
Glyoxal	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	glyoxal	×	×	The models DEHM, LOTOS-EUROS, MONARCH and SILAM deliver methylglyoxal as glyoxal for a limited period of time until glyoxal has been added to their chemical mechanisms.
Formaldehyde	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	formaldehyde	×	×
Sea Salt Dry	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	pm10_sea_salt_dry	×	×	Sea salt dry is fraction in PM10
Total Organic Matter	µg m^-3	kg m^-3	pm2.5_total_organic_matter	×	×	Total organic matter is fraction in PM2.5

In Situ Observations

In-situ observations at surface level are collected from the European Environmental Agency (EEA) on a daily basis. These observations are filtered to keep only measurement sites representative of background air pollution. This is performed by selecting background stations that are classified from 1 to 7 according to the Joly and Peuch classification 2023 version (https://opensource.umr-cnrm.fr/projects/air_quality-classification/wiki/Wiki).

Observations datasets are essential for the Regional air quality Near-Real Time (NRT) products for two reasons:
• For the assimilation by the models producing NRT analyses (to constrain the regional forecast models)
• For the evaluation of model outputs (both forecasts and analyses)

Consequently, special care is taken to deliver 2 independent datasets:

- Station set 1 is used to select stations that will provide observations for the NRT analysis of individual models.
- Station set 2 is used to select stations that will provide observations for analysis evaluation.

This split into 2 sets for assimilation and analysis evaluation only applies to O3, NO2, PM2.5 and PM10. Special cases are CO and SO2, for which all stations that are classified are used by models in the assimilation. For these two species, the evaluation is made also against those measurements that have been assimilated. The stations defined for verification are used for quarterly assessments/reports and visualisation.

For the evaluation of the forecast, all stations of those two sets are used, without split.

Once a year, in March, these sets of stations are updated.

Year	Stations for Analysis assimilation	Stations for Analysis assessment
2024	stations_analysis_assimilation_CO_2024.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_NO2_2024.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_O3_2024.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_PM10_2024.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_PM25_2024.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_SO2_2024.csv	stations_analysis_assessment_NO2_2024.csv stations_analysis_assessment_O3_2024.csv stations_analysis_assessment_PM10_2024.csv stations_analysis_assessment_PM25_2024.csv
2023	stations_analysis_assimilation_CO_2023.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_NO2_2023.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_O3_2023.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_PM10_2023.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_PM25_2023.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_SO2_2023.csv	stations_analysis_assessment_NO2_2023.csv stations_analysis_assessment_O3_2023.csv stations_analysis_assessment_PM10_2023.csv stations_analysis_assessment_PM25_2023.csv
2022	stations_analysis_assimilation_CO_2022.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_NO2_2022.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_O3_2022.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_PM10_2022.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_PM25_2022.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_SO2_2022.csv	stations_analysis_assessment_NO2_2022.csv stations_analysis_assessment_O3_2022.csv stations_analysis_assessment_PM10_2022.csv stations_analysis_assessment_PM25_2022.csv
2021	stations_analysis_assimilation_CO_2021.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_NO2_2021.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_O3_2021.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_PM10_2021.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_PM25_2021.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_SO2_2021.csv	stations_analysis_assessment_NO2_2021.csv stations_analysis_assessment_O3_2021.csv stations_analysis_assessment_PM10_2021.csv stations_analysis_assessment_PM25_2021.csv
2020	stations_analysis_assimilation_CO_2020.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_NO2_2020.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_O3_2020.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_PM10_2020.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_PM25_2020.csv stations_analysis_assimilation_SO2_2020.csv	stations_analysis_assessment_NO2_2020.csv stations_analysis_assessment_O3_2020.csv stations_analysis_assessment_PM10_2020.csv stations_analysis_assessment_PM25_2020.csv

Validation reports

Validation Reports for the CAMS reanalysis can be found on the CAMS Quality Assurance website.

Individual and ENSEMBLE model evaluations are available at station level and aggregated by country through an interactive visualization platform for Forecast and Analysis.

Known issues

Ozone CHIMERE data are not available for timestep 96 for 2019-07-07 and timesteps 69 to 96 for 2019-07-12.
Data gap for EMEP forecast data on the following dates:
- 31-03-2019
- 12-06-2019
- 17/18-07-2019
- 25/26-08-2019

Data gap on 22 and 23 April 2018,

The species available are

'carbon_monoxide',
'ammonia',
'non_methane_vocs',
'nitrogen_dioxide',
'nitrogen_monoxide',
'ozone',
'peroxyacyl_nitrates',
'particulate_matter_10um',
'particulate_matter_2.5um',
'sulphur_dioxide'

Dust and SIA was not produced yet.

Regarding the levels:

For 2018/04/23, there is only ground level
For 2018/04/22, some models produced level from 50 to 5000 m as follow :

	CHIMERE - MATCH	LOTOS	EMEP	MOCAGE - SILAM
times available	[ '02:00', '03:00', '04:00', '05:00', '06:00', '07:00', '08:00', '09:00', '10:00', '11:00', '12:00', '13:00', '14:00', '15:00', '16:00', '17:00', '18:00', '19:00', '20:00', '21:00', '22:00', '23:00', ]	[ '00:00', '02:00', '03:00', '04:00', '05:00', '06:00', '07:00', '08:00', '09:00', '10:00', '11:00', '12:00', '13:00', '14:00', '19:00', '20:00', '21:00', '22:00', '23:00', ]	[ '00:00', '01:00', '02:00', '03:00', '04:00', '05:00', '06:00', '07:00', '08:00', '09:00', '10:00', '11:00', '12:00', '13:00', '14:00', '15:00', '16:00', '17:00', '18:00', '19:00', '20:00', '21:00', '22:00', '23:00', ]	[ '08:00', '09:00', '10:00', '11:00', '12:00', '13:00', '14:00', '15:00', '16:00', '17:00', '18:00', '19:00', '20:00', '21:00', '22:00', '23:00', ]

Guidelines

Please find two documents that describe this (compare CAMS data with Tropomi observations).

https://sentinel.esa.int/documents/247904/2474726/Sentinel-5P-Level-2-Product-User-Manual-Nitrogen-Dioxide.pdf/ad25ea4c-3a9a-3067-0d1c-aaa56eb1746b?t=1658312035057
EGUsphere - Comparing Sentinel-5P TROPOMI NO2 column observations with the CAMS-regional air quality ensemble (copernicus.org)
https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2022/egusphere-2022-365/

How to acknowledge, cite and refer to the data

All users of data uploaded on the Atmosphere Data Store (ADS) must provide clear and visible attribution to the Copernicus programme and are asked to cite and reference the dataset provider.

(1) Acknowledge according to the licence to use Copernicus Products.

(2) Cite each dataset used:

METEO FRANCE, Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (Ineris), Aarhus University, Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway), Jülich Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung (IEK), Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute (IEP-NRI), Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI), Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek (TNO), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) and Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) (2020): CAMS European air quality forecasts, ENSEMBLE data. Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Atmosphere Data Store (ADS). (Accessed on <DD-MMM-YYYY>), https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cams-europe-air-quality-forecasts?tab=overview

METEO FRANCE, Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (Ineris), Aarhus University, Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway), Jülich Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung (IEK), Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute (IEP-NRI), Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI), Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek (TNO), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) and Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) (2022): CAMS European air quality forecasts, ENSEMBLE data. Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Atmosphere Data Store (ADS). (Accessed on <DD-MMM-YYYY>), https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cams-europe-air-quality-forecasts?tab=overview

Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (Ineris) (2020): CAMS European air quality forecasts, CHIMERE model data. Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Atmosphere Data Store (ADS). (Accessed on <DD-MMM-YYYY>), https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cams-europe-air-quality-forecasts?tab=overview

Aarhus University (2020): CAMS European air quality forecasts, DEHM model data. Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Atmosphere Data Store (ADS). (Accessed on <DD-MMM-YYYY>), https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cams-europe-air-quality-forecasts?tab=overview

Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway) (2020): CAMS European air quality forecasts, EMEP model data. Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Atmosphere Data Store (ADS). (Accessed on <DD-MMM-YYYY>), https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cams-europe-air-quality-forecasts?tab=overview

Jülich Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung (IEK) (2020): CAMS European air quality forecasts, EURAD-IM model data. Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Atmosphere Data Store (ADS). (Accessed on <DD-MMM-YYYY>), https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cams-europe-air-quality-forecasts?tab=overview

Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute (IEP-NRI) (2020): CAMS European air quality forecasts, GEM-AQ model data. Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Atmosphere Data Store (ADS). (Accessed on <DD-MMM-YYYY>), https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cams-europe-air-quality-forecasts?tab=overview

Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI) and Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek (TNO) (2020): CAMS European air quality forecasts, LOTOS-EUROS model data. Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Atmosphere Data Store (ADS). (Accessed on <DD-MMM-YYYY>), https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cams-europe-air-quality-forecasts?tab=overview

Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) (2020): CAMS European air quality forecasts, MATCH model data. Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Atmosphere Data Store (ADS). (Accessed on <DD-MMM-YYYY>), https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cams-europe-air-quality-forecasts?tab=overview

METEO-FRANCE (2020): CAMS European air quality forecasts, MOCAGE model data. Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Atmosphere Data Store (ADS). (Accessed on <DD-MMM-YYYY>), https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cams-europe-air-quality-forecasts?tab=overview

Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) (2020): CAMS European air quality forecasts, SILAM model data. Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Atmosphere Data Store (ADS). (Accessed on <DD-MMM-YYYY>), https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cams-europe-air-quality-forecasts?tab=overview

Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) (2022): CAMS European air quality forecasts, MONARCH model data. Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Atmosphere Data Store (ADS). (Accessed on <DD-MMM-YYYY>), https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cams-europe-air-quality-forecasts?tab=overview

Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) (2022): CAMS European air quality forecasts, MINNI model data. Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Atmosphere Data Store (ADS). (Accessed on <DD-MMM-YYYY>), https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cams-europe-air-quality-forecasts?tab=overview

(3) Throughout the content of your publication, the dataset used is referred to as Author (YYYY) e.g. for Ensemble data: METEO-FRANCE et. al (2020)

References

_{This document has been produced in the context of the} _{Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)}_.

_{The activities leading to these results have been contracted by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, operator of CAMS on behalf of the European Union (Delegation Agreement signed on 11/11/2014 and Contribution Agreement signed on 22/07/2021). All information in this document is provided "as is" and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose.}

_{The users thereof use the information at their sole risk and liability. For the avoidance of all doubt , the European Commission and the European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts have no liability in respect of this document, which is merely representing the author's view.}