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Is it a coupled model? Yes: Atmosphere, land, ocean and sea-ice.
Coupling frequency:3-hourly Hourly coupling between atmosphere-land and ocean--sea-ice.
The coupled model Global Coupled 3.2 (GC2GC3.2) is described in Williams et al, 20152019.
2.1 Atmosphere and land surface
| Model | Met Office Unified Model (UM) - Global Atmosphere 67. 02 Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) - Global Land 68.0 |
|---|---|
| Horizontal resolution and grid | N216: 0.83 degrees x 0.56 degrees (approx 60km in mid-latitudes) |
| Atmosphere vertical resolution | 85 levels |
| Top of atmosphere | 85km |
| Soil levels | 4 Level 1 : 0 - 0.1 m Level 2 : 0.1 - 0.35 Level 3 : 0.35 - 1.0 m Level 4 : 1.0 - 3.0 m |
| Time step | 15 minutes |
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Global Atmosphere 67.0/7.1 & Global Land 67.0: Walters et al, 2017
2.2 Ocean and cryosphere
| Ocean model | NEMO v3. 46 - Global Ocean 56.0 |
|---|---|
| Horizontal resolution | ORCA 0.25 |
| Vertical resolution | L75 |
| Time step | 22.5 20 minutes |
| Sea ice model | CICE v4v5.1.2 - Global Sea-Ice 68. 01 |
| Sea ice model resolution | ORCA 0.25 |
| Sea ice model levels | 5 categories + open water |
| Wave model | N/A |
| Wave model resolution | N/A |
Detailed documentation: NEMO documentation, CICE documentation
Global Ocean 56.0: Megann Storkey et al, 20142017.
Global Sea Ice 68.0:Rae Ridley et al, 2015.2017
3. Initialization and initial condition (IC) perturbations
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Met Office Global Hybrid 4D-VAR: Clayton et al, 2013
JRA55 analysis: Kobayashi et al. 2015, Kobayashi et al. 2016
3.2 Ocean and cryosphere
| Hindcast | Forecast | |
|---|---|---|
| Ocean initialization | GloSea Ocean Sea-Ice Analysis (GS-OSIA) | Forecast Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM) |
| Ocean IC perturbations | No | No |
| Unperturbed control forecast? | No | No |
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Model description references:
- WilliamsRidley, K. DJ., HarrisBlockley, C. ME., Bodas-SalcedoKeen, A., CampRae, J., ComerSchroder, R. ED., CopseyWest, DA., Fereday& Schroeder, D. , Graham, T., Hill, R., Hinton, T., Hyder, P., Ineson, S., Masato, G., Milton, S. F., Roberts, M. J., Rowell, D. P., Sanchez, C., Shelly, A., Sinha, B., Walters, D. N., West, A., Woollings, T., and Xavier, P. K.: The Met Office Global Coupled model 2.0 (GC2) configuration, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 1509-1524, (2017). The sea ice model component of HadGEM3‐GC3.1. Geoscientific Model Development. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2017-212
- Storkey, D., Megann, A., Mathiot, P., Sinha, B., Calvert, D., Hewitt, H., Blaker, A., Kuhlbrodt, T., Graham, T., & Hyder, P. (2017). UK Global Ocean GO6 and GO7: A traceable hierarchy of model resolutions. Geoscientific Model Development. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1509-2015, 2015.2017-263
- Walters, D. N., A., BoutleBaran, I., BrooksBoutle, M. , Melvin, TE., StrattonBrooks, RP., VosperEarnshaw, SJ., WellsEdwards, HK., WilliamsFurtado, K., WoodHil, Nl P., AllenLock, TA., BushellManners, AJ., CopseyMorcrette, DC., EarnshawMulcahy, PJ., EdwardsSanchez, JC., GrossSmith, MC., HardimanStratton, SR., HarrisTennant, CW., HemingTomassini, JL., KlingamanVan Weverberg, NK., LevineVosper, RS., MannersWillett, JM., MartinBrowse, GJ., MiltonBushell, SA., MittermaierDalvi, M., MorcretteEssery, CR., RiddickGedney, TN., RobertsHardiman, MS., SanchezJohnson, CB., SelwoodJohnson, PC., StirlingJone,s A., SmithMann, CG., SuriMilton, DS., TennantRumbold, WH., VidaleSellar, P. LA., WilkinsonUjiie, JM., WillettWhitall, M., Woolnough, S., and Xavier, P.: Williams K., Zerroukat, M, (2017). The Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 67.0/67.1 and JULES Global Land 67.0 /6.1 configurations, Geosci. Geoscientific Model Dev., 10, 1487-1520, Development. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1487-2017, 2017.Megann, A., Storkey2017-291
- Williams, K. D., Copsey, D., AksenovBlockley, YE.W., AldersonBodas-Salcedo, SA., Calvert, D., Comer, R., Davis, P., Graham, T., Hewitt, H. T., Hill, R., Hyder P., Ineson, PS., SiddornJohns, JT. C., and SinhaKeen, B.: GO5.0: the joint NERC–Met Office NEMO global ocean model for use in coupled and forced applications, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1069-1092, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1069-2014, 2014.A. B., Lee, R. W., Megann, A., Milton, S. F., Rae, J. G. L., HewittRoberts, HM. TJ., KeenScaife, A. BA., Shiemann, R., RidleyStorkey, J. KD., Thorpe, L., WestWatterson, AI. EG., HarrisWalters, C. MD.N., West, A., HunkeWood, ER. CA., and WaltersWoolings, D. N.: Development of the Global Sea Ice 6.0 CICE configuration for the Met Office Global Coupled model, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2221-2230, T., Xaivier, P. K. (2017) The Met Office Global Coupled Model 3.0 and 3.1 (GC3.0 and GC3.1) Configurations. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2221-2015, 2015.1002/2017MS001115
Initialisation references:
- Clayton, A. M., Lorenc, A. C. and Barker, D. M. (2013), Operational implementation of a hybrid ensemble/4D-Var global data assimilation system at the Met Office. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 139: 1445–1461. doi:10.1002/qj.2054
- Blockley, E. W., Martin, M. J., McLaren, A. J., Ryan, A. G., Waters, J., Lea, D. J., Mirouze, I., Peterson, K. A., Sellar, A., and Storkey, D.: Recent development of the Met Office operational ocean forecasting system: an overview and assessment of the new Global FOAM forecasts, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 2613-2638, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2613-2014, 2014.
- Shinya KOBAYASHI, Yukinari OTA, Yayoi HARADA, Ayataka EBITA, Masami MORIYA, Hirokatsu ONODA, Kazutoshi ONOGI, Hirotaka KAMAHORI, Chiaki KOBAYASHI, Hirokazu ENDO, Kengo MIYAOKA, Kiyotoshi TAKAHASHI (2015),The JRA-55 Reanalysis: General Specifications and Basic Characteristics, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser II. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2015-001