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The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a broad-scale wave-like convective phenomena centred on the equator and also the main source of tropical predictability on the monthly time scale. It is important as it identifies where tropical deep convection interacts with the general atmospheric circulation, and it is observed mainly in a sector spanning the Indian and Pacific oceans. The feature is typically initiated over the Indian Ocean, and usually advances steadily eastwards, as areas of relatively organised convection, bringing a significant enhancement of rainfall, followed in their wake by much less active convection. The MJO may be monitored using a combination of lower and upper tropospheric zonal flow patterns and out-going long wave radiation (OLR) or simulations thereof.
The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) moving eastwards can aid development of tropical storms in the maritime continent and western Pacific.
The Madden-Julian Oscillation affects the North Atlantic Oscillation. The mid-latitude jet streams in turn can affect the flow over the North Atlantic which has a strong impact on the tracking of depressions (e.g. towards Europe). The cross-Atlantic flow can be categorised as positive or negative phases or regimes of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).
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- Time-longitude section of ensemble mean anomalies of outgoing long wave radiation, zonal wind at 850hPa, and velocity potential at 200hPa averaged over a tropical band (15N-15S) in Hovmoeller diagram form.
Fig8.2.6-5-6: Time-longitude section (Hovmoeller diagram) of ensemble mean anomalies averaged over a tropical band (15N-15S, shown in map section at the bottom). Analysed values above the horizontal black line, forecast values below it.
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(Note: In older material there may be references to issues that have subsequently been addressed)
- Read more on MJO and its impact on the European weather.
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