ERA5 data documentation

Introduction

Here we document the parameters for the ERA5 dataset, which covers the period January and February 2016.

ERA5 was produced using cycle 41R2 of ECMWF’s Integrated Forecast System (IFS), with 137 hybrid sigma/pressure (model) levels in the vertical, with the top level at 0.01 hPa. Atmospheric data are available on these levels and they are also interpolated to 37 pressure, 16 potential temperature and 1 potential vorticity level(s). So called “surface” data are also available, containing 2D parameters such as precipitation and 2m temperature. The IFS is also coupled to a soil model and an ocean wave model.

The ERA5 dataset contains one set of data with a resolution of 31km, 0.28125 degrees, (HRES) and a ten member ensemble with a resolution of 62km, 0.5625 degrees, (EDA). The data are available either as spectral coefficients with a triangular truncation of T639 (HRES) and T319 (EDA) or on a reduced Gaussian grid with a resolution of N320 (HRES) and N160 (EDA). The wave data are archived on a reduced latitude/longitude grid with a resolution of 0.36 degrees (HRES) and 1.0 degrees (EDA). Generally, the data are available at a sub-daily and monthly frequency.

The data are archived in the ECMWF data archive (MARS) and can be retrieved using the ECMWF Public Dataset service via the WebAPI (Member State users can access the data using MARS directly, in the usual manner).

Data organisation

The data can be accessed using the MARS keywords class=ea and expver=0001 (or ‘dataset’ : “era5” for the ECMWF Public Dataset service via the WebAPI). Subdivisions of the data are labelled using stream, type and levtype.

Stream:

oper: HRES sub-daily
wave: HRES waves sub-daily
mnth: HRES synoptic monthly means
moda: HRES monthly means of daily means
wamo: HRES waves synoptic monthly means
wamd: HRES waves monthly means of daily means
enda: EDA sub-daily
ewda: EDA waves sub-daily
edmm: EDA synoptic monthly means
edmo: EDA monthly means of daily means
ewmm: EDA waves synoptic monthly means
ewmo: EDA waves monthly means of daily means

Type:

an: analyses
fc: forecasts
em: ensemble mean
es: ensemble standard deviation

Levtype:

sfc: surface
pl: pressure
pt: potential temperature
pv: potential vorticity
ml: model

For sub-daily data for the HRES (stream=oper/wave) the analyses (type=an) are available hourly. The forecasts, run from 06 and 18 UTC, have hourly steps from 0 to 18 hours. For the EDA, the sub-daily non-wave data (stream=enda) are available every 3 hours but the sub-daily wave data (stream=ewda) are available hourly.

The accumulations in ERA5 are treated differently compared with those in ERA-Interim. In ERA5 the accumulations are since the previous post processing, so for:

HRES: accumulations are in the hour ending at the forecast step
EDA: accumulations are in the 3 hours ending at the forecast step

Most parameters are also available as synoptic monthly means, for each particular time and forecast step, (stream=mnth/wamo/edmm/ewmm) and monthly means of daily means, for the month as a whole (stream=moda/wamd/edmo/ewmo). For the surface and single level parameters, there are some exceptions which are listed in Table 12.

For the EDA sub-daily data (stream=enda/ewda), compared with HRES sub-daily data (stream=oper/wave), there is also ensemble mean and standard deviation data (type=em/es). These two data types contain analysed parameters when step=0, otherwise they contain forecast parameters. However, only surface and pressure level data (levtype=sfc/pl) contain forecast steps beyond 3 hours.

Model level fields are in GRIB2 format. All other fields are in GRIB1, unless otherwise indicated.

Level listings

Pressure levels: 1000/975/950/925/900/875/850/825/800/775/750/700/650/600/550/500/450/400/350/300/250/225/200/175/150/125/100/70/50/30/20/10/7/5/3/2/1

Potential temperature levels: 265/275/285/300/315/320/330/350/370/395/430/475/530/600/700/850

Potential vorticity level: 2000

Model levels: 1/to/137

Parameter listings

Table 1: stream=oper/enda, levtype=sfc: surface and single level parameters: invariants

count	name	units	shortName	paramId	an	fc
1	Lake cover	(0 - 1)	cl	26	x	x
2	Lake depth	m	dl	228007	x	x
3	Low vegetation cover	(0 - 1)	cvl	27	x
4	High vegetation cover	(0 - 1)	cvh	28	x
5	Type of low vegetation	~	tvl	29	x
6	Type of high vegetation	~	tvh	30	x
7	Soil type	~	slt	43	x
8	Standard deviation of filtered subgrid orography	m	sdfor	74	x
9	Geopotential	m2 s-2	z	129	x	x
10	Standard deviation of orography	~	sdor	160	x
11	Anisotropy of sub-gridscale orography	~	isor	161	x
12	Angle of sub-gridscale orography	radians	anor	162	x
13	Slope of sub-gridscale orography	~	slor	163	x
14	Land-sea mask	(0 - 1)	lsm	172	x	x

Table 2: stream=oper/enda, levtype=sfc: surface and single level parameters: instantaneous

count	name	units	shortName	paramId	an	fc
1	Convective inhibition	J kg**-1	cin	228001		x
2	Friction velocity	m s**-1	zust	228003		x
3	Lake mix-layer temperature	K	lmlt	228008	x	x
4	Lake mix-layer depth	m	lmld	228009	x	x
5	Lake bottom temperature	K	lblt	228010	x	x
6	Lake total layer temperature	K	ltlt	228011	x	x
7	Lake shape factor	dimensionless	lshf	228012	x	x
8	Lake ice temperature	K	lict	228013	x	x
9	Lake ice depth	m	licd	228014	x	x
10	UV visible albedo for direct radiation	(0 - 1)	aluvp	15	x	x
11	Minimum vertical gradient of refractivity inside trapping layer	m**-1	dndzn	228015		x
12	UV visible albedo for diffuse radiation	(0 - 1)	aluvd	16	x	x
13	Mean vertical gradient of refractivity inside trapping layer	m**-1	dndza	228016		x
14	Near IR albedo for direct radiation	(0 - 1)	alnip	17	x	x
15	Duct base height	m	dctb	228017		x
16	Near IR albedo for diffuse radiation	(0 - 1)	alnid	18	x	x
17	Trapping layer base height	m	tplb	228018		x
18	Trapping layer top height	m	tplt	228019		x
19	Cloud base height	m	cbh	228023		x
20	Zero degree level	m	deg0l	228024		x
21	Instantaneous 10 metre wind gust	m s**-1	i10fg	228029		x
22	Sea-ice cover	(0 - 1)	ci	31	x	x
23	Snow albedo	(0 - 1)	asn	32	x	x
24	Snow density	kg m**-3	rsn	33	x	x
25	Sea surface temperature	K	sst	34	x	x
26	Ice temperature layer 1	K	istl1	35	x	x
27	Ice temperature layer 2	K	istl2	36	x	x
28	Ice temperature layer 3	K	istl3	37	x	x
29	Ice temperature layer 4	K	istl4	38	x	x
30	Volumetric soil water layer 1	m3 m-3	swvl1	39	x	x
31	Volumetric soil water layer 2	m3 m-3	swvl2	40	x	x
32	Volumetric soil water layer 3	m3 m-3	swvl3	41	x	x
33	Volumetric soil water layer 4	m3 m-3	swvl4	42	x	x
34	Convective available potential energy	J kg**-1	cape	59	x	x
35	Leaf area index, low vegetation	m2 m-2	lai_lv	66	x	x
36	Leaf area index, high vegetation	m2 m-2	lai_hv	67	x	x
37	Total column liquid water	kg m**-2	tclw	78	x	x
38	Total column ice water	kg m**-2	tciw	79	x	x
39	Total column supercooled liquid water	kg m**-2	tcslw	228088		x
40	Total column rain water	kg m**-2	tcrw	228089	x	x
41	Total column snow water	kg m**-2	tcsw	228090	x	x
42	Neutral wind at 10 m u-component	m s**-1	u10n	228131	x	x
43	Neutral wind at 10 m v-component	m s**-1	v10n	228132	x	x
44	Surface pressure	Pa	sp	134	x	x
45	Total column water	kg m**-2	tcw	136	x	x
46	Total column water vapour	kg m**-2	tcwv	137	x	x
47	Soil temperature level 1	K	stl1	139	x	x
48	Snow depth	m of water equivalent	sd	141	x	x
49	Charnock	~	chnk	148	x	x
50	Mean sea level pressure	Pa	msl	151	x	x
51	Boundary layer height	m	blh	159	x	x
52	Total cloud cover	(0 - 1)	tcc	164	x	x
53	10 metre U wind component	m s**-1	10u	165	x	x
54	10 metre V wind component	m s**-1	10v	166	x	x
55	2 metre temperature	K	2t	167	x	x
56	2 metre dewpoint temperature	K	2d	168	x	x
57	Soil temperature level 2	K	stl2	170	x	x
58	Soil temperature level 3	K	stl3	183	x	x
59	Low cloud cover	(0 - 1)	lcc	186	x	x
60	Medium cloud cover	(0 - 1)	mcc	187	x	x
61	High cloud cover	(0 - 1)	hcc	188	x	x
62	Skin reservoir content	m of water equivalent	src	198	x	x
63	Total column ozone	kg m**-2	tco3	206	x	x
64	Instantaneous large-scale surface precipitation fraction	(0 - 1)	ilspf	228217		x
65	Convective rain rate	kg m-2 s-1	crr	228218		x
66	Large scale rain rate	kg m-2 s-1	lsrr	228219		x
67	Convective snowfall rate water equivalent	kg m-2 s-1	csfr	228220		x
68	Large scale snowfall rate water equivalent	kg m-2 s-1	lssfr	228221		x
69	Instantaneous eastward turbulent surface stress	N m**-2	iews	229	x	x
70	Instantaneous northward turbulent surface stress	N m**-2	inss	230	x	x
71	Instantaneous surface sensible heat flux	W m**-2	ishf	231	x	x
72	Instantaneous moisture flux	kg m-2 s-1	ie	232	x	x
73	Skin temperature	K	skt	235	x	x
74	Soil temperature level 4	K	stl4	236	x	x
75	Temperature of snow layer	K	tsn	238	x	x
76	Forecast albedo	(0 - 1)	fal	243	x	x
77	Forecast surface roughness	m	fsr	244	x	x
78	Forecast logarithm of surface roughness for heat	~	flsr	245	x	x
79	100 metre U wind component	m s**-1	100u	228246	x	x
80	100 metre V wind component	m s**-1	100v	228247	x	x
81	Precipitation type	code table (4.201)	ptype	260015*		x
82	K index	K	kx	260121*		x
83	Total totals index	K	totalx	260123*		x

*GRIB2 format

Table 3: stream=oper/enda, levtype=sfc: surface and single level parameters: accumulations

count	name	units	shortName	paramId	an	fc
1	Large-scale precipitation fraction	s	lspf	50		x
2	Downward UV radiation at the surface	J m**-2	uvb	57		x
3	Boundary layer dissipation	J m**-2	bld	145		x
4	Surface sensible heat flux	J m**-2	sshf	146		x
5	Surface latent heat flux	J m**-2	slhf	147		x
6	Surface solar radiation downwards	J m**-2	ssrd	169		x
7	Surface thermal radiation downwards	J m**-2	strd	175		x
8	Surface net solar radiation	J m**-2	ssr	176		x
9	Surface net thermal radiation	J m**-2	str	177		x
10	Top net solar radiation	J m**-2	tsr	178		x
11	Top net thermal radiation	J m**-2	ttr	179		x
12	Eastward turbulent surface stress	N m**-2 s	ewss	180		x
13	Northward turbulent surface stress	N m**-2 s	nsss	181		x
14	Eastward gravity wave surface stress	N m**-2 s	lgws	195		x
15	Northward gravity wave surface stress	N m**-2 s	mgws	196		x
16	Gravity wave dissipation	J m**-2	gwd	197		x
17	Top net solar radiation, clear sky	J m**-2	tsrc	208		x
18	Top net thermal radiation, clear sky	J m**-2	ttrc	209		x
19	Surface net solar radiation, clear sky	J m**-2	ssrc	210		x
20	Surface net thermal radiation, clear sky	J m**-2	strc	211		x
21	TOA incident solar radiation	J m**-2	tisr	212		x
22	Vertically integrated moisture divergence	kg m**-2	vimd	213		x
23	Total sky direct solar radiation at surface	J m**-2	fdir	228021		x
24	Clear-sky direct solar radiation at surface	J m**-2	cdir	228022		x
25	Surface solar radiation downward clear-sky	J m**-2	ssrdc	228129		x
26	Surface thermal radiation downward clear-sky	J m**-2	strdc	228130		x
27	Surface runoff	m	sro	8		x
28	Sub-surface runoff	m	ssro	9		x
29	Snow evaporation	m of water equivalent	es	44		x
30	Snowmelt	m of water equivalent	smlt	45		x
31	Large-scale precipitation	m	lsp	142		x
32	Convective precipitation	m	cp	143		x
33	Snowfall	m of water equivalent	sf	144		x
34	Evaporation	m of water equivalent	e	182		x
35	Runoff	m	ro	205		x
36	Total precipitation	m	tp	228		x
37	Convective snowfall	m of water equivalent	csf	239		x
38	Large-scale snowfall	m of water equivalent	lsf	240		x
39	Potential evaporation	m	pev	228251		x

Table 4: stream=oper/enda, levtype=sfc: surface and single level parameters: minimum/maximum

count	name	units	shortName	paramId	an	fc
1	10 metre wind gust since previous post-processing	m s**-1	10fg	49		x
2	Maximum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing	K	mx2t	201		x
3	Minimum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing	K	mn2t	202		x
4	Maximum total precipitation rate since previous post-processing	kg m-2 s-1	mxtpr	228226		x
5	Minimum total precipitation rate since previous post-processing	kg m-2 s-1	mntpr	228227		x

Table 5: stream=oper/enda, levtype=sfc: surface and single level parameters: vertical integrals (not available for type=em/es)

count	name	units	shortName	paramId	an	fc
1	Vertical integral of mass of atmosphere	kg m**-2	vima	162053	x	x
2	Vertical integral of temperature	K kg m**-2	vit	162054	x	x
3	Vertical integral of kinetic energy	J m**-2	vike	162059	x	x
4	Vertical integral of thermal energy	J m**-2	vithe	162060	x	x
5	Vertical integral of potential+internal energy	J m**-2	vipie	162061	x	x
6	Vertical integral of potential+internal+latent energy	J m**-2	vipile	162062	x	x
7	Vertical integral of total energy	J m**-2	vitoe	162063	x	x
8	Vertical integral of energy conversion	W m**-2	viec	162064	x	x
9	Vertical integral of eastward mass flux	kg m-1 s-1	vimae	162065	x	x
10	Vertical integral of northward mass flux	kg m-1 s-1	viman	162066	x	x
11	Vertical integral of eastward kinetic energy flux	W m**-1	vikee	162067	x	x
12	Vertical integral of northward kinetic energy flux	W m**-1	viken	162068	x	x
13	Vertical integral of eastward heat flux	W m**-1	vithee	162069	x	x
14	Vertical integral of northward heat flux	W m**-1	vithen	162070	x	x
15	Vertical integral of eastward water vapour flux	kg m-1 s-1	viwve	162071	x	x
16	Vertical integral of northward water vapour flux	kg m-1 s-1	viwvn	162072	x	x
17	Vertical integral of eastward geopotential flux	W m**-1	vige	162073	x	x
18	Vertical integral of northward geopotential flux	W m**-1	vign	162074	x	x
19	Vertical integral of eastward total energy flux	W m**-1	vitoee	162075	x	x
20	Vertical integral of northward total energy flux	W m**-1	vitoen	162076	x	x
21	Vertical integral of eastward ozone flux	kg m-1 s-1	vioze	162077	x	x
22	Vertical integral of northward ozone flux	kg m-1 s-1	viozn	162078	x	x
23	Vertical integral of divergence of cloud liquid water flux	kg m-2 s-1	vilwd	162079	x	x
24	Vertical integral of divergence of cloud frozen water flux	kg m-2 s-1	viiwd	162080	x	x
25	Vertical integral of divergence of mass flux	kg m-2 s-1	vimad	162081	x	x
26	Vertical integral of divergence of kinetic energy flux	W m**-2	viked	162082	x	x
27	Vertical integral of divergence of thermal energy flux	W m**-2	vithed	162083	x	x
28	Vertical integral of divergence of moisture flux	kg m-2 s-1	viwvd	162084	x	x
29	Vertical integral of divergence of geopotential flux	W m**-2	vigd	162085	x	x
30	Vertical integral of divergence of total energy flux	W m**-2	vitoed	162086	x	x
31	Vertical integral of divergence of ozone flux	kg m-2 s-1	viozd	162087	x	x
32	Vertical integral of eastward cloud liquid water flux	kg m-1 s-1	vilwe	162088	x	x
33	Vertical integral of northward cloud liquid water flux	kg m-1 s-1	vilwn	162089	x	x
34	Vertical integral of eastward cloud frozen water flux	kg m-1 s-1	viiwe	162090	x	x
35	Vertical integral of northward cloud frozen water flux	kg m-1 s-1	viiwn	162091	x	x
36	Vertical integral of mass tendency	kg m-2 s-1	vimat	162092	x

Table 6: stream=wave/ewda, levtype=sfc: surface and single level parameters: waves

count	name	units	shortName	paramId	an	fc
1	Significant wave height of first swell partition	m	swh1	140121	x	x
2	Mean wave direction of first swell partition	degrees	mwd1	140122	x	x
3	Mean wave period of first swell partition	s	mwp1	140123	x	x
4	Significant wave height of second swell partition	m	swh2	140124	x	x
5	Mean wave direction of second swell partition	degrees	mwd2	140125	x	x
6	Mean wave period of second swell partition	s	mwp2	140126	x	x
7	Significant wave height of third swell partition	m	swh3	140127	x	x
8	Mean wave direction of third swell partition	degrees	mwd3	140128	x	x
9	Mean wave period of third swell partition	s	mwp3	140129	x	x
10	Wave Spectral Skewness	dimensionless	wss	140207	x	x
11	Free convective velocity over the oceans	m s**-1	wstar	140208	x	x
12	Air density over the oceans	kg m**-3	rhoao	140209	x	x
13	Normalized energy flux into waves	dimensionless	phiaw	140211	x	x
14	Normalized energy flux into ocean	dimensionless	phioc	140212	x	x
15	Normalized stress into ocean	dimensionless	tauoc	140214	x	x
16	U-component stokes drift	m s**-1	ust	140215	x	x
17	V-component stokes drift	m s**-1	vst	140216	x	x
18	Period corresponding to maximum individual wave height	s	tmax	140217	x	x
19	Maximum individual wave height	m	hmax	140218	x	x
20	Model bathymetry	m	wmb	140219	x	x
21	Mean wave period based on first moment	s	mp1	140220	x	x
22	Mean wave period based on second moment	s	mp2	140221	x	x
23	Wave spectral directional width	dimensionless	wdw	140222	x	x
24	Mean wave period based on first moment for wind waves	s	p1ww	140223	x	x
25	Mean wave period based on second moment for wind waves	s	p2ww	140224	x	x
26	Wave spectral directional width for wind waves	dimensionless	dwww	140225	x	x
27	Mean wave period based on first moment for swell	s	p1ps	140226	x	x
28	Mean wave period based on second moment for swell	s	p2ps	140227	x	x
29	Wave spectral directional width for swell	dimensionless	dwps	140228	x	x
30	Significant height of combined wind waves and swell	m	swh	140229	x	x
31	Mean wave direction	degrees	mwd	140230	x	x
32	Peak period of 1D spectra	s	pp1d	140231	x	x
33	Mean wave period	s	mwp	140232	x	x
34	Coefficient of drag with waves	dimensionless	cdww	140233	x	x
35	Significant height of wind waves	m	shww	140234	x	x
36	Mean direction of wind waves	degrees	mdww	140235	x	x
37	Mean period of wind waves	s	mpww	140236	x	x
38	Significant height of total swell	m	shts	140237	x	x
39	Mean direction of total swell	degrees	mdts	140238	x	x
40	Mean period of total swell	s	mpts	140239	x	x
41	Mean square slope of waves	dimensionless	msqs	140244	x	x
42	10 metre wind speed	m s**-1	wind	140245	x	x
43	Altimeter wave height	m	awh	140246	x
44	Altimeter corrected wave height	m	acwh	140247	x
45	Altimeter range relative correction	~	arrc	140248	x
46	10 metre wind direction	degrees	dwi	140249	x	x
47	Wave spectral kurtosis	dimensionless	wsk	140252	x	x
48	Benjamin-Feir index	dimensionless	bfi	140253	x	x
49	Wave spectral peakedness	dimensionless	wsp	140254	x	x
50	2D wave spectra (single)	m2 s radian-1	2dfd	140251*	x

*for 30 frequencies and 24 directions

Table 7: stream=oper/enda, levtype=pl: pressure level parameters: instantaneous

count	name	units	shortName	paramId	an	fc
1	Potential vorticity	K m2 kg-1 s**-1	pv	60	x	x
2	Specific rain water content	kg kg**-1	crwc	75	x	x
3	Specific snow water content	kg kg**-1	cswc	76	x	x
4	Geopotential	m2 s-2	z	129	x	x
5	Temperature	K	t	130	x	x
6	U component of wind	m s**-1	u	131	x	x
7	V component of wind	m s**-1	v	132	x	x
8	Specific humidity	kg kg**-1	q	133	x	x
9	Vertical velocity	Pa s**-1	w	135	x	x
10	Vorticity (relative)	s**-1	vo	138	x	x
11	Divergence	s**-1	d	155	x	x
12	Relative humidity	%	r	157	x	x
13	Ozone mass mixing ratio	kg kg**-1	o3	203	x	x
14	Specific cloud liquid water content	kg kg**-1	clwc	246	x	x
15	Specific cloud ice water content	kg kg**-1	ciwc	247	x	x
16	Cloud cover	(0 - 1)	cc	248	x	x

Table 8: stream=oper/enda, levtype=pt: potential temperature level parameters: instantaneous

count	name	units	shortName	paramId	an	fc
1	Montgomery potential	m2 s-2	mont	53	x
2	Pressure	Pa	pres	54	x
3	Potential vorticity	K m2 kg-1 s**-1	pv	60	x
4	U component of wind	m s**-1	u	131	x
5	V component of wind	m s**-1	v	132	x
6	Specific humidity	kg kg**-1	q	133	x
7	Vorticity (relative)	s**-1	vo	138	x
8	Divergence	s**-1	d	155	x
9	Ozone mass mixing ratio	kg kg**-1	o3	203	x

Table 9: stream=oper/enda, levtype=pv: potential vorticity level parameters: instantaneous

count	name	units	shortName	paramId	an	fc
1	Potential temperature	K	pt	3	x
2	Pressure	Pa	pres	54	x
3	Geopotential	m2 s-2	z	129	x
4	U component of wind	m s**-1	u	131	x
5	V component of wind	m s**-1	v	132	x
6	Specific humidity	kg kg**-1	q	133	x
7	Ozone mass mixing ratio	kg kg**-1	o3	203	x

Table 10: stream=oper/enda, levtype=ml: model level parameters: instantaneous

count	name	units	shortName	paramId	an	fc
1	Specific rain water content	kg kg**-1	crwc	75	x	x
2	Specific snow water content	kg kg**-1	cswc	76	x	x
3	Eta-coordinate vertical velocity	s**-1	etadot	77	x	x
4	Geopotential	m2 s-2	z	129	x	x
5	Temperature	K	t	130	x	x
6	U component of wind	m s**-1	u	131	x	x
7	V component of wind	m s**-1	v	132	x	x
8	Specific humidity	kg kg**-1	q	133	x	x
9	Vertical velocity	Pa s**-1	w	135	x	x
10	Vorticity (relative)	s**-1	vo	138	x	x
11	Logarithm of surface pressure	~	lnsp	152	x	x
12	Divergence	s**-1	d	155	x	x
13	Ozone mass mixing ratio	kg kg**-1	o3	203	x	x
14	Specific cloud liquid water content	kg kg**-1	clwc	246	x	x
15	Specific cloud ice water content	kg kg**-1	ciwc	247	x	x
16	Cloud cover	(0 - 1)	cc	248	x	x

Table 11: stream=oper/enda/mnth/moda/edmm/edmo, levtype=ml: model level parameters: mean rates

count	name	units	shortName	paramId	fc
1	Mean temperature tendency due to short-wave radiation	K s**-1	mttswr	235001	x
2	Mean temperature tendency due to long-wave radiation	K s**-1	mttlwr	235002	x
3	Mean temperature tendency due to short-wave radiation, clear sky	K s**-1	mttswrcs	235003	x
4	Mean temperature tendency due to long-wave radiation, clear sky	K s**-1	mttlwrcs	235004	x
5	Mean temperature tendency due to parametrisations	K s**-1	mttpm	235005	x
6	Mean specific humidity tendency due to parametrisations	kg kg-1 s-1	mqtpm	235006	x
7	Mean eastward wind tendency due to parametrisations	m s**-2	mutpm	235007	x
8	Mean northward wind tendency due to parametrisations	m s**-2	mvtpm	235008	x
9	Mean updraught mass flux	kg m-2 s-1	mumf	235009	x
10	Mean downdraught mass flux	kg m-2 s-1	mdmf	235010	x
11	Mean updraught detrainment rate	kg m-3 s-1	mudr	235011	x
12	Mean downdraught detrainment rate	kg m-3 s-1	mddr	235012	x
13	Mean total precipitation flux	kg m-2 s-1	mtpf	235013	x
14	Mean turbulent diffusion coefficient for heat	m2 s-1	mtdch	235014	x

Table 12: stream=mnth/moda/wamo/wamd/edmm/edmo/ewmm/ewmo, levtype=sfc: monthly mean surface and single level parameters: exceptions from Tables 1-6

count	name	units	shortName	paramId	an	fc
1	UV visible albedo for direct radiation	(0 - 1)	aluvp	15	x	no mean
2	UV visible albedo for diffuse radiation	(0 - 1)	aluvd	16	x	no mean
3	Near IR albedo for direct radiation	(0 - 1)	alnip	17	x	no mean
4	Near IR albedo for diffuse radiation	(0 - 1)	alnid	18	x	no mean
5	Magnitude of turbulent surface stress	N m**-2 s	magss	48		x
6	10 metre wind gust since previous post-processing	m s**-1	10fg	49		no mean
7	Maximum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing	K	mx2t	201		no mean
8	Minimum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing	K	mn2t	202		no mean
9	10 metre wind speed	m s**-1	10si	207	x	x
10	Maximum total precipitation rate since previous post-processing	kg m-2 s-1	mxtpr	228226		no mean
11	Minimum total precipitation rate since previous post-processing	kg m-2 s-1	mntpr	228227		no mean
12	Altimeter wave height	m	awh	140246	no mean
13	Altimeter corrected wave height	m	acwh	140247	no mean
14	Altimeter range relative correction	~	arrc	140248	no mean
15	2D wave spectra (single)	m2 s radian-1	2dfd	140251	no mean

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