Introduction
The global production system is used to produce the daily forecasts of pollutants, aerosols and greenhouse gases across the globe. Satellite observations of atmospheric composition are merged with a detailed computer simulation of the atmosphere using a method called data assimilation. The resulting analyses, i.e. maps of atmospheric composition, are used as initial conditions for the daily forecasts of atmospheric composition. Analyses and forecasts for aerosols and chemical species are produced twice a day.
A global production system is also used to assimilate re-processed observations from many satellites for the last few decades, using the same data assimilation process. The result is called reanalysis and it provides a consistent data set that can be used for scientific studies and trend analyses. The current atmospheric composition reanalysis produced by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service is the CAMS global reanalysis (EAC4).
The IFS model and data assimilation system configurations (47r1)
The model used in the CAMS Global atmospheric composition forecast is the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) that also produces ECMWF weather forecasts, but with additional modules enabled for aerosols, reactive gases and greenhouse gases that have been developed within CAMS and precursor projects GEMS and MACC. The following processes of atmospheric composition are considered:
- transport of trace gases and aerosols
- injection of emissions
- uptake and release by vegetation and the land and sea surface
- removal by dry deposition at the surface
- removal by scavenging in precipitation
- chemical conversion
- aerosol microphysics
Emissions and surface fluxes of the trace gases and aerosols used in the global CAMS productions are:
- anthropogenic emissions from the CAMS-GLOB-ANT inventory (available from the ADS)
- natural and biogenic emissions from the CAMS-GLOB-NAT and CAMS-GLOB-BIO data sets (available from the ADS)
- biomass burning emissions inferred from satellite observations of fire activity (GFAS v1.4)
- wind-blown desert dust and sea salt emissions modelled by the IFS depending on the meteorological forecasts
- CO2 fluxes from vegetation modelled by the C-TESSEL surface scheme (specifically for the CAMS GHG system)
- natural and biogenic fluxes provided from additional climatological data sets
For details about simulations and assimilation of chemistry, carbon dioxide, methane and aerosols please see References.
The IFS uses a four-dimensional variational data assimilation method (4D-VAR) for the assimilation of a wide range of meteorological observations as well as satellite retrievals of atmospheric composition.
The IFS model documentation for various model cycles can be found on https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/documentation-and-support/changes-ecmwf-model/ifs-documentation. Please note that the IFS cycle changes during the years, and this page documents the current operational cycle (47r1); please have a look at the table below for details of changes from previous cycles.
Configuration for CAMS Global atmospheric composition global forecasts (daily)
Twice a day (at 00:00 and 12:00 UTC), CAMS issues a five-day forecast of global atmospheric composition. The forecast consists of 56 reactive traces gases in the troposphere, stratospheric ozone and seven different types of aerosol: desert dust, sea salt, organic matter, black carbon, sulphate, and (since 9 July 2019) nitrate and ammonium.
The initial conditions of the forecast are obtained by combining a previous forecast with satellite observations of aerosol optical depth, ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) , and sulfur dioxide (SO2) through the 4D-VAR data assimilation process.
Satellite observations of fire radiative power (GFAS) from the day before the forecast start are used to derive timely biomass burning emissions for the forecast.
The forecasts are evaluated at quarterly intervals by an external team lead by KNMI and evaluation reports can be found here: https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/eqa-reports-global-services.
Evolution of the CAMS global forecasting system
The IFS undergoes changes regularly in order to improve the forecast. Changes are listed below with their identifier (Cycle 46r1 for instance) or a specific title when the cycle number did not change.
| Implementation date | Cycle | Summary of changes | Resolution change | New species |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 October 2020 | 47r1 | Atmospheric composition, Meteorology | Horizontal: 40km, Vertical: 137 levels | none |
| 9 July 2019 | 46r1 | Atmospheric composition, Meteorology | Horizontal: 40km, Vertical: from 60 to 137 levels | Aerosols: nitrate and ammonium |
| 26 June 2018 | 45r1 | Atmospheric composition, Meteorology | Horizontal: 40km, Vertical: 60 levels | none |
| 26 September 2017 | 43r3 | Atmospheric composition, Meteorology | Horizontal: 40km, Vertical: 60 levels | none |
| 24 January 2017 | 43r1 | Atmospheric composition, Meteorology | Horizontal: 40km, Vertical: 60 levels | none |
| 21 June 2016 | 41r1 | Atmospheric composition, Meteorology | Horizontal: from 80km to 40km, Vertical: 60 levels | none |
Data access
The data is now available from the Atmosphere Data Store (ADS), either interactively through its download web form or programmatically using the CDS API service:
CAMS global atmospheric composition forecasts
For details about the migration to the CDS API please see here.
A subset of the CAMS Global atmospheric composition forecast data for the latest three days can be accessible also through the FTP dissemination service. For list of variables available on the FTP please see here.
The data remains also listed for now in ECMWF's public data catalogue. To access the data use the ECMWF Web API with ‘dataset’:'cams_nrealtime'. Please have a a look at the following link for Python CAMS real-time examples.
Users with access to MARS can also browse the data on the MARS catalogue under class=mc and expver= 0001.
Data availability (HH:MM)
CAMS Global analyses and forecasts:
00 UTC forecast data availability guaranteed by 10:00 UTC
12 UTC forecast data availability guaranteed by 22:00 UTC
It is possible that the data will be available earlier but without guarantee.
Spatial grid
CAMS Global atmospheric composition forecasts data currently has a resolution of approximately 40 km (approximately 0.35 degrees). The data are archived either as spectral coefficients with a triangular truncation of T511 or on a reduced Gaussian grid with a resolution of N256. These grids are so called "linear grids", sometimes referred to as TL511.
PLEASE NOTE: CAMS Global atmospheric composition forecasts data available from the ADS has been pre-interpolated to a regular 0.4°x 0.4° latitude/longitude grid.
Temporal frequency
The CAMS Global 5-day forecasts run twice daily from 00 and 12 UTC and the data are available every hour (for surface fields) and every 3 hours (for model- and pressure-level fields). The analyses are available every 6 hours at 00 UTC, 06 UTC, 12 UTC and 18 UTC.
From 21 June 2016 CAMS Global data is produced twice daily, with basetime 00:00 and 12:00 UTC.
Until 21 June 2016 CAMS Global data was produced only once a day, with basetime 00:00 UTC.
Data format
Model level fields are in GRIB2 format. All other fields are in GRIB1, unless otherwise indicated. NetCDF format is available on ADS but it is experimental.
Level listings
Pressure levels: 1000/950/925/900/850/800/700/600/500/400/300/250/200/150/100/70/50/30/20/10/7/5/3/2/1
Model levels: 1/to/137, which are described at https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/documentation-and-support/137-model-levels. Before 9 July 2019, the vertical levels were 60, which are described at https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/documentation-and-support/60-model-levels.
Parameter listings
Physical characteristics of the different types of aerosols (i.e mass density, the radius mode and geometric standard deviation of the lognormal size distribution and the bin limits and hygroscopic factor), are available in Rémy et al. (2019). The suggested reference for the IFS aerosol optical properties and hygroscopic growth tables is Bozzo at al (2020).
Parameters labelled as "Fast access" are stored on disk while parameters labelled as "slow access" are stored on tape. Retrieval of this data will be MUCH SLOWER than disk-resident data.
PLEASE NOTE: *Total column (in kg m-2) is available at the surface (model level 137 for MARS users; before 9 July 2019, model level 60). Total column refers to the total amount of the selected variable in a column of air extending from the surface of the Earth to the top of the atmosphere (model level 1 for MARS users). Total column can also be referred to as total <selected variable>, or vertically integrated <selected variable>.
Table 1: single level parameters (last reviewed on )
| Name | Units | Variable name in CDS API | Shortname | Param ID | Access type | Note |
| 10 metre U wind component | m s-1 | 10m_u_component_of_wind | 10u | 165 | Fast access | |
| 10 metre V wind component | m s-1 | 10m_v_component_of_wind | 10v | 166 | Fast access | |
| 10 metre wind gust in the last 3 hours | m s-1 | 10m_wind_gust_in_the_last_3_hours | 10fg3 | 228028 | ||
| 2 metre dewpoint temperature | K | 2m_dewpoint_temperature | 2d | 168 | Fast access | |
| 2 metre temperature | K | 2m_temperature | 2t | 167 | Fast access | |
| Ammonium aerosol optical depth at 550 nm | dimensionless | ammonium_aerosol_optical_depth_550nm | amaod550 | 210251 | Fast access | |
| Asymmetry factor at 1020 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_1020nm | asymmetry1020 | 215164 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 1064 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_1064nm | asymmetry1064 | 215165 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 1240 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_1240nm | asymmetry1240 | 215166 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 1640 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_1640nm | asymmetry1640 | 215167 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 2130 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_2130nm | asymmetry2130 | 215179 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 340 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_340nm | asymmetry340 | 215150 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 355 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_355nm | asymmetry355 | 215151 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 380 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_380nm | asymmetry380 | 215152 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 400 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_400nm | asymmetry400 | 215153 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 440 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_440nm | asymmetry440 | 215154 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 469 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_469nm | asymmetry469 | 215155 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 500 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_500nm | asymmetry500 | 215156 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 532 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_532nm | asymmetry532 | 215157 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 550 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_550nm | asymmetry550 | 215158 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 645 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_645nm | asymmetry645 | 215159 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 670 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_670nm | asymmetry670 | 215160 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 800 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_800nm | asymmetry800 | 215161 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 858 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_858nm | asymmetry858 | 215162 | ||
| Asymmetry factor at 865 nm | dimensionless | asymmetry_factor_865nm | asymmetry865 | 215163 | ||
| Black Carbon Aerosol Optical Depth at 550nm | dimensionless | black_carbon_aerosol_optical_depth_550nm | bcaod550 | 210211 | Fast access | |
| Boundary layer height | m | boundary_layer_height | blh | 159 | ||
| Clear-sky direct solar radiation at surface | J m-2 | clear_sky_direct_solar_radiation_at_surface | cdir | 228022 | ||
| Clear sky surface photosynthetically active radiation | J m-2 | clear_sky_surface_photosynthetically_active_radiation | parcs | 20 | ||
| Cloud base height | m | cloud_base_height | cbh | 228023 | ||
| Convective available potential energy | J kg-1 | convective_available_potential_energy | cape | 59 | ||
| Convective inhibition | J kg-1 | convective_inhibition | cin | 228001 | ||
| Convective precipitation | m | convective_precipitation | cp | 143 | ||
| Direct solar radiation | J m-2 | direct_solar_radiation | dsrp | 47 | ||
| Downward UV radiation at the surface | J m-2 | downward_uv_radiation_at_the_surface | uvb | 57 | ||
| Dry deposition of ammonium aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | dry_deposition_of_ammonium_aerosol | aerddpam | 215206 | ||
| Dry deposition of coarse-mode nitrate aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | dry_deposition_of_coarse_mode_nitrate_aerosol | aerddpnic | 215192 | ||
| Dry deposition of dust aerosol (0.03 - 0.55 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | dry_deposition_of_dust_aerosol_0.03-0.55um | aerddpdus | 215028 | ||
| Dry deposition of dust aerosol (0.55 - 9 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | dry_deposition_of_dust_aerosol_0.55-9um | aerddpdum | 215029 | ||
| Dry deposition of dust aerosol (9 - 20 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | dry_deposition_of_dust_aerosol_9-20um | aerddpdul | 215030 | ||
| Dry deposition of fine-mode nitrate aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | dry_deposition_of_fine_mode_nitrate_aerosol | aerddpnif | 215191 | ||
| Dry deposition of hydrophilic black carbon aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | dry_deposition_of_hydrophilic_black_carbon_aerosol | aerddpbchphil | 215068 | ||
| Dry deposition of hydrophilic organic matter aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | dry_deposition_of_hydrophilic_organic_matter_aerosol | aerddpomhphil | 215052 | ||
| Dry deposition of hydrophobic black carbon aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | dry_deposition_of_hydrophobic_black_carbon_aerosol | aerddpbchphob | 215067 | ||
| Dry deposition of hydrophobic organic matter aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | dry_deposition_of_hydrophobic_organic_matter_aerosol | aerddpomhphob | 215051 | ||
| Dry deposition of sea salt aerosol (0.03 - 0.5 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | dry_deposition_of_sea_salt_aerosol_0.03-0.5um | aerddpsss | 215004 | ||
| Dry deposition of sea salt aerosol (0.5 - 5 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | dry_deposition_of_sea_salt_aerosol_0.5-5um | aerddpssm | 215005 | ||
| Dry deposition of sea salt aerosol (5 - 20 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | dry_deposition_of_sea_salt_aerosol_5-20um | aerddpssl | 215006 | ||
| Dry deposition of sulphate aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | dry_deposition_of_sulphate_aerosol | aerddpsu | 215082 | ||
| Dust aerosol (0.03 - 0.55 um) optical depth | dimensionless | dust_aerosol_0.03-0.55um_optical_depth_550nm | aeroddus | 215046 | ||
| Dust aerosol (0.55 - 9 um) optical depth | dimensionless | dust_aerosol_0.55-9um_optical_depth_550nm | aeroddum | 215047 | ||
| Dust aerosol (9 - 20 um) optical depth | dimensionless | dust_aerosol_9-20um_optical_depth_550nm | aeroddul | 215048 | ||
| Dust Aerosol Optical Depth at 550nm | dimensionless | dust_aerosol_optical_depth_550nm | duaod550 | 210209 | Fast access | |
| Evaporation | m of water equivalent | evaporation | e | 182 | ||
| Forecast albedo | (0 - 1) | forecast_albedo | fal | 243 | ||
| Friction velocity | m s-1 | friction_velocity | zust | 228003 | ||
| Height of convective cloud top | m | height_of_convective_cloud_top | hcct | 228046 | ||
| High cloud cover | (0 - 1) | high_cloud_cover | hcc | 188 | ||
| Hydrophilic black carbon aerosol optical depth | dimensionless | hydrophilic_black_carbon_aerosol_optical_depth_550nm | aerodbchphil | 215080 | ||
| Hydrophilic organic matter aerosol optical depth | dimensionless | hydrophilic_organic_matter_aerosol_optical_depth_550nm | aerodomhphil | 215064 | ||
| Hydrophobic black carbon aerosol optical depth | dimensionless | hydrophobic_black_carbon_aerosol_optical_depth_550nm | aerodbchphob | 215079 | ||
| Hydrophobic organic matter aerosol optical depth | dimensionless | hydrophobic_organic_matter_aerosol_optical_depth_550nm | aerodomhphob | 215063 | ||
| Lake cover | (0 - 1) | lake_cover | cl | 26 | ||
| Land-sea mask | (0 - 1) | land_sea_mask | lsm | 172 | Fast access | |
| Large-scale precipitation | m | large_scale_precipitation | lsp | 142 | ||
| Leaf area index, high vegetation | m2 m-2 | leaf_area_index_high_vegetation | lai_hv | 67 | ||
| Leaf area index, low vegetation | m2 m-2 | leaf_area_index_low_vegetation | lai_lv | 66 | ||
| Lifting threshold speed | m s-1 | lifting_threshold_speed | aerlts | 210053 | ||
| Low cloud cover | (0 - 1) | low_cloud_cover | lcc | 186 | ||
| Mean sea level pressure | Pa | mean_sea_level_pressure | msl | 151 | Fast access | |
| Medium cloud cover | (0 - 1) | medium_cloud_cover | mcc | 187 | ||
| Nitrate aerosol optical depth at 550 nm | dimensionless | nitrate_aerosol_optical_depth_550nm | niaod550 | 210250 | Fast access | |
| Coarse-mode nitrate aerosol optical depth at 550 nm | dimensionless | nitrate_coarse_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_550nm | aerodnic | 215204 | ||
| Fine-mode nitrate aerosol optical depth at 550 nm | dimensionless | nitrate_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_550nm | aerodnif | 215203 | ||
| Organic Matter Aerosol Optical Depth at 550nm | dimensionless | organic_matter_aerosol_optical_depth_550nm | omaod550 | 210210 | Fast access | |
| Particulate matter d < 10 um | kg m-3 | particulate_matter_10um | pm10 | 210074 | Fast access | |
| Particulate matter d < 2.5 um | kg m-3 | particulate_matter_2.5um | pm2p5 | 210073 | Fast access | |
| Particulate matter d < 1 um | kg m-3 | particulate_matter_1um | pm1 | 210072 | Fast access | |
| Photosynthetically active radiation at the surface | J m-2 | photosynthetically_active_radiation_at_the_surface | par | 58 | ||
| Potential evaporation | m | potential_evaporation | pev | 228251 | ||
| Precipitation type | code table (4.201) | precipitation_type | ptype | 260015 | ||
| Sea ice area fraction | (0 - 1) | sea_ice_cover | ci | 31 | ||
| Sea salt aerosol (0.03 - 0.5 um) optical depth | dimensionless | sea_salt_aerosol_0.03-0.5um_optical_depth_550nm | aerodsss | 215022 | ||
| Sea salt aerosol (0.5 - 5 um) optical depth | dimensionless | sea_salt_aerosol_0.5-5um_optical_depth_550nm | aerodssm | 215023 | ||
| Sea salt aerosol (5 - 20 um) optical depth | dimensionless | sea_salt_aerosol_5-20um_optical_depth_550nm | aerodssl | 215024 | ||
| Sea Salt Aerosol Optical Depth at 550nm | dimensionless | sea_salt_aerosol_optical_depth_550nm | ssaod550 | 210208 | Fast access | |
| Sea surface temperature | K | sea_surface_temperature | sst | 34 | ||
| Sedimentation of ammonium aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | sedimentation_of_ammonium_aerosol | aersdmam | 215207 | ||
| Sedimentation of coarse-mode nitrate aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | sedimentation_of_coarse_mode_nitrate_aerosol | aersdmnic | 215194 | ||
| Sedimentation of dust aerosol (0.03 - 0.55 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | sedimentation_of_dust_aerosol_0.03-0.55um | aersdmdus | 215031 | ||
| Sedimentation of dust aerosol (0.55 - 9 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | sedimentation_of_dust_aerosol_0.55-9um | aersdmdum | 215032 | ||
| Sedimentation of dust aerosol (9 - 20 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | sedimentation_of_dust_aerosol_9-20um | aersdmdul | 215033 | ||
| Sedimentation of fine-mode nitrate aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | sedimentation_of_fine_mode_nitrate_aerosol | aersdmnif | 215193 | ||
| Sedimentation of hydrophilic black carbon aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | sedimentation_of_hydrophilic_black_carbon_aerosol | aersdmbchphil | 215070 | ||
| Sedimentation of hydrophilic organic matter aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | sedimentation_of_hydrophilic_organic_matter_aerosol | aersdmomhphil | 215054 | ||
| Sedimentation of hydrophobic black carbon aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | sedimentation_of_hydrophobic_black_carbon_aerosol | aersdmbchphob | 215069 | ||
| Sedimentation of hydrophobic organic matter aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | sedimentation_of_hydrophobic_organic_matter_aerosol | aersdmomhphob | 215053 | ||
| Sedimentation of sea salt aerosol (0.03 - 0.5 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | sedimentation_of_sea_salt_aerosol_0.03-0.5um | aersdmsss | 215007 | ||
| Sedimentation of sea salt aerosol (0.5 - 5 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | sedimentation_of_sea_salt_aerosol_0.5-5um | aersdmssm | 215008 | ||
| Sedimentation of sea salt aerosol (5 - 20 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | sedimentation_of_sea_salt_aerosol_5-20um | aersdmssl | 215009 | ||
| Sedimentation of sulphate aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | sedimentation_of_sulphate_aerosol | aersdmsu | 215083 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 1020 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_1020nm | ssa1020 | 215146 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 1064 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_1064nm | ssa1064 | 215147 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 1240 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_1240nm | ssa1240 | 215148 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 1640 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_1640nm | ssa1640 | 215149 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 2130 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_2130nm | ssa2130 | 215178 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 340 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_340nm | ssa340 | 215132 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 355 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_355nm | ssa355 | 215133 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 380 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_380nm | ssa380 | 215134 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 400 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_400nm | ssa400 | 215135 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 440 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_440nm | ssa440 | 215136 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 469 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_469nm | ssa469 | 215137 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 500 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_500nm | ssa500 | 215138 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 532 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_532nm | ssa532 | 215139 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 550 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_550nm | ssa550 | 215140 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 645 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_645nm | ssa645 | 215141 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 670 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_670nm | ssa670 | 215142 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 800 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_800nm | ssa800 | 215143 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 858 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_858nm | ssa858 | 215144 | ||
| Single scattering albedo at 865 nm | (0 - 1) | single_scattering_albedo_865nm | ssa865 | 215145 | ||
| Skin reservoir content | m of water equivalent | skin_reservoir_content | src | 198 | ||
| Skin temperature | K | skin_temperature | skt | 235 | ||
| Snow albedo | (0 - 1) | snow_albedo | asn | 32 | ||
| Snow depth | m of water equivalent | snow_depth | sd | 141 | ||
| Soil clay content | % | soil_clay_content | aerscc | 210054 | ||
| Sulphate Aerosol Optical Depth at 550nm | dimensionless | sulphate_aerosol_optical_depth_550nm | suaod550 | 210212 | ||
| Sunshine duration | s | sunshine_duration | sund | 189 | ||
| Surface geopotential | m2 s-2 | surface_geopotential | z | 129 | Fast access | |
| Surface latent heat flux | J m-2 | surface_latent_heat_flux | slhf | 147 | ||
| Surface net solar radiation | J m-2 | surface_net_solar_radiation | ssr | 176 | ||
| Surface net solar radiation, clear sky | J m-2 | surface_net_solar_radiation_clear_sky | ssrc | 210 | ||
| Surface net thermal radiation | J m-2 | surface_net_thermal_radiation | str | 177 | ||
| Surface net thermal radiation, clear sky | J m-2 | surface_net_thermal_radiation_clear_sky | strc | 211 | ||
| Surface pressure | Pa | surface_pressure | sp | 134 | Fast access | |
| Surface sensible heat flux | J m-2 | surface_sensible_heat_flux | sshf | 146 | ||
| Surface solar radiation downward clear-sky | J m-2 | surface_solar_radiation_downward_clear_sky | ssrdc | 228129 | ||
| Surface solar radiation downwards | J m-2 | surface_solar_radiation_downwards | ssrd | 169 | ||
| Surface thermal radiation downward clear-sky | J m-2 | surface_thermal_radiation_downward_clear_sky | strdc | 228130 | ||
| Surface thermal radiation downwards | J m-2 | surface_thermal_radiation_downwards | strd | 175 | ||
| TOA incident solar radiation | J m-2 | toa_incident_solar_radiation | tisr | 212 | ||
| Top net solar radiation | J m-2 | top_net_solar_radiation | tsr | 178 | ||
| Top net solar radiation, clear sky | J m-2 | top_net_solar_radiation_clear_sky | tsrc | 208 | ||
| Top net thermal radiation | J m-2 | top_net_thermal_radiation | ttr | 179 | ||
| Top net thermal radiation, clear sky | J m-2 | top_net_thermal_radiation_clear_sky | ttrc | 209 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 1020 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_1020nm | aodabs1020 | 215110 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 1064 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_1064nm | aodabs1064 | 215111 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 1240 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_1240nm | aodabs1240 | 215112 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 1640 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_1640nm | aodabs1640 | 215113 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 2130 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_2130nm | aodabs2130 | 215176 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 340 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_340nm | aodabs340 | 215096 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 355 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_355nm | aodabs355 | 215097 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 380 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_380nm | aodabs380 | 215098 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 400 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_400nm | aodabs400 | 215099 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 440 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_440nm | aodabs440 | 215100 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 469 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_469nm | aodabs469 | 215101 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 500 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_500nm | aodabs500 | 215102 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 532 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_532nm | aodabs532 | 215103 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 550 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_550nm | aodabs550 | 215104 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 645 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_645nm | aodabs645 | 215105 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 670 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_670nm | aodabs670 | 215106 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 800 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_800nm | aodabs800 | 215107 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 858 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_858nm | aodabs858 | 215108 | ||
| Total absorption aerosol optical depth at 865 nm | dimensionless | total_absorption_aerosol_optical_depth_865nm | aodabs865 | 215109 | ||
| Total aerosol optical depth at 1020 nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_1020nm | aod1020 | 210227 | ||
| Total aerosol optical depth at 1064 nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_1064nm | aod1064 | 210228 | ||
| Total aerosol optical depth at 1240nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_1240nm | aod1240 | 210216 | Fast access | |
| Total aerosol optical depth at 1640 nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_1640nm | aod1640 | 210229 | ||
| Total aerosol optical depth at 2130 nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_2130nm | aod2130 | 210230 | ||
| Total aerosol optical depth at 340 nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_340nm | aod340 | 210217 | ||
| Total aerosol optical depth at 355 nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_355nm | aod355 | 210218 | ||
| Total aerosol optical depth at 380 nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_380nm | aod380 | 210219 | ||
| Total aerosol optical depth at 400 nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_400nm | aod400 | 210220 | ||
| Total aerosol optical depth at 440 nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_440nm | aod440 | 210221 | ||
| Total aerosol optical depth at 469nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_469nm | aod469 | 210213 | Fast access | |
| Total aerosol optical depth at 500 nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_500nm | aod500 | 210222 | ||
| Total aerosol optical depth at 532 nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_532nm | aod532 | 210223 | ||
| Total aerosol optical depth at 550nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_550nm | aod550 | 210207 | Fast access | |
| Total aerosol optical depth at 645 nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_645nm | aod645 | 210224 | ||
| Total aerosol optical depth at 670nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_670nm | aod670 | 210214 | Fast access | |
| Total aerosol optical depth at 800 nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_800nm | aod800 | 210225 | ||
| Total aerosol optical depth at 858 nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_858nm | aod858 | 210226 | ||
| Total aerosol optical depth at 865nm | dimensionless | total_aerosol_optical_depth_865nm | aod865 | 210215 | Fast access | |
| Total cloud cover | (0 - 1) | total_cloud_cover | tcc | 164 | ||
| Total column acetone | kg m-2 | total_column_acetone | tc_ch3coch3 | 218052 | ||
| Total column acetone product | kg m-2 | total_column_acetone_product | tc_aco2 | 218053 | ||
| Total column aldehydes | kg m-2 | total_column_aldehydes | tc_ald2 | 218012 | ||
| Total column amine | kg m-2 | total_column_amine | tc_nh2 | 218040 | ||
| Total column ammonia | kg m-2 | total_column_ammonia | tc_nh3 | 218019 | ||
| Total column ammonium | kg m-2 | total_column_ammonium | tc_nh4 | 218021 | ||
| Total column Carbon monoxide | kg m-2 | total_column_carbon_monoxide | tcco | 210127 | Fast access | |
| Total column cloud ice water | kg m-2 | total_column_cloud_ice_water | tciw | 79 | ||
| Total column cloud liquid water | kg m-2 | total_column_cloud_liquid_water | tclw | 78 | ||
| Total column dimethyl sulfide | kg m-2 | total_column_dimethyl_sulfide | tc_dms | 218018 | ||
| Total column dinitrogen pentoxide | kg m-2 | total_column_dinitrogen_pentoxide | tc_n2o5 | 218033 | ||
| Total column ethane | kg m-2 | total_column_ethane | tc_c2h6 | 218045 | Fast access | |
| Total column ethanol | kg m-2 | total_column_ethanol | tc_c2h5oh | 218046 | ||
| Total column ethene | kg m-2 | total_column_ethene | tc_c2h4 | 218010 | ||
| Total column Formaldehyde | kg m-2 | total_column_formaldehyde | tchcho | 210128 | Fast access | |
| Total column formic acid | kg m-2 | total_column_formic_acid | tc_hcooh | 218043 | ||
| Total column hydrogen peroxide | kg m-2 | total_column_hydrogen_peroxide | tc_h2o2 | 218003 | Fast access | |
| Total column hydroperoxy radical | kg m-2 | total_column_hydroperoxy_radical | tc_ho2 | 218028 | ||
| Total column hydroxyl radical | kg m-2 | total_column_hydroxyl_radical | tc_oh | 218030 | Fast access | |
| Total column HYPROPO2 | kg m-2 | total_column_hypropo2 | tc_hypropo2 | 218055 | ||
| Total column IC3H7O2 | kg m-2 | total_column_ic3h7o2 | tc_ic3h7o2 | 218054 | ||
| Total column isoprene | kg m-2 | total_column_isoprene | tc_c5h8 | 218016 | Fast access | |
| Total column lead | kg m-2 | total_column_lead | tc_pb | 218026 | ||
| Total column methacrolein MVK | kg m-2 | total_column_methacrolein_mvk | tc_ispd | 218050 | ||
| Total column methacrylic acid | kg m-2 | total_column_methacrylic_acid | tc_mcooh | 218044 | ||
| Total column methane | kg m-2 | total_column_methane | tc_ch4 | 218004 | Fast access | |
| Total column methane sulfonic acid | kg m-2 | total_column_methane_sulfonic_acid | tc_msa | 218022 | ||
| Total column methanol | kg m-2 | total_column_methanol | tc_ch3oh | 218042 | ||
| Total column methyl glyoxal | kg m-2 | total_column_methyl_glyoxal | tc_ch3cocho | 218023 | ||
| Total column methyl peroxide | kg m-2 | total_column_methyl_peroxide | tc_ch3ooh | 218007 | ||
| Total column methylperoxy radical | kg m-2 | total_column_methylperoxy_radical | tc_ch3o2 | 218029 | ||
| Total column nitrate | kg m-2 | total_column_nitrate | tc_no3_a | 218051 | ||
| Total column nitrate radical | kg m-2 | total_column_nitrate_radical | tc_no3 | 218032 | ||
| Total column nitric acid | kg m-2 | total_column_nitric_acid | tc_hno3 | 218006 | Fast access | |
| Total column Nitrogen dioxide | kg m-2 | total_column_nitrogen_dioxide | tcno2 | 210125 | Fast access | |
| Total column nitrogen monoxide | kg m-2 | total_column_nitrogen_monoxide | tc_no | 218027 | Fast access | |
| Total column nitrogen oxides Transp | kg m-2 | total_column_nitrogen_oxides_transp | tc_noxa | 218056 | ||
| Total column NO to alkyl nitrate operator | kg m-2 | total_column_no_to_alkyl_nitrate_operator | tc_xo2n | 218039 | ||
| Total column NO to NO2 operator | kg m-2 | total_column_no_to_no2_operator | tc_xo2 | 218038 | ||
| Total column olefins | kg m-2 | total_column_olefins | tc_ole | 218011 | ||
| Total column organic ethers | kg m-2 | total_column_organic_ethers | tc_ror | 218036 | ||
| Total column organic nitrates | kg m-2 | total_column_organic_nitrates | tc_onit | 218015 | ||
| GEMS Total column ozone | kg m-2 | total_column_ozone | gtco3 | 210206 | Fast access | |
| Total column PAR budget corrector | kg m-2 | total_column_par_budget_corrector | tc_rxpar | 218037 | ||
| Total column paraffins | kg m-2 | total_column_paraffins | tc_par | 218009 | ||
| Total column pernitric acid | kg m-2 | total_column_pernitric_acid | tc_ho2no2 | 218034 | ||
| Total column peroxides | kg m-2 | total_column_peroxides | tc_rooh | 218014 | ||
| Total column peroxy acetyl radical | kg m-2 | total_column_peroxy_acetyl_radical | tc_c2o3 | 218035 | ||
| Total column peroxyacetyl nitrate | kg m-2 | total_column_peroxyacetyl_nitrate | tc_pan | 218013 | Fast access | |
| Total column polar stratospheric cloud | kg m-2 | total_column_polar_stratospheric_cloud | tc_psc | 218041 | ||
| Total column propane | kg m-2 | total_column_propane | tc_c3h8 | 218047 | Fast access | |
| Total column propene | kg m-2 | total_column_propene | tc_c3h6 | 218048 | ||
| Total column Radon | kg m-2 | total_column_radon | tcra | 210183 | ||
| Total column rain water | kg m-2 | total_column_rain_water | tcrw | 228089 | ||
| Total column snow water | kg m-2 | total_column_snow_water | tcsw | 228090 | ||
| Source/gain of ammonium aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | total_column_source_of_ammonium_aerosol | aersrcam | 215205 | ||
| Source/gain of coarse-mode nitrate aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | total_column_source_of_coarse_mode_nitrate_aerosol | aersrcnic | 215190 | ||
| Source/gain of dust aerosol (0.03 - 0.55 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | total_column_source_of_dust_aerosol_0.03-0.55um | aersrcdus | 215025 | ||
| Source/gain of dust aerosol (0.55 - 9 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | total_column_source_of_dust_aerosol_0.55-9um | aersrcdum | 215026 | ||
| Source/gain of dust aerosol (9 - 20 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | total_column_source_of_dust_aerosol_9-20um | aersrcdul | 215027 | ||
| Source/gain of fine-mode nitrate aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | total_column_source_of_fine_mode_nitrate_aerosol | aersrcnif | 215189 | ||
| Source/gain of hydrophilic black carbon aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | total_column_source_of_hydrophilic_black_carbon_aerosol | aersrcbchphil | 215066 | ||
| Source/gain of hydrophilic organic matter aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | total_column_source_of_hydrophilic_organic_matter_aerosol | aersrcomhphil | 215050 | ||
| Source/gain of hydrophobic black carbon aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | total_column_source_of_hydrophobic_black_carbon_aerosol | aersrcbchphob | 215065 | ||
| Source/gain of hydrophobic organic matter aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | total_column_source_of_hydrophobic_organic_matter_aerosol | aersrcomhphob | 215049 | ||
| Source/gain of sea salt aerosol (0.03 - 0.5 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | total_column_source_of_sea_salt_aerosol_0.03-0.5um | aersrcsss | 215001 | ||
| Source/gain of sea salt aerosol (0.5 - 5 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | total_column_source_of_sea_salt_aerosol_0.5-5um | aersrcssm | 215002 | ||
| Source/gain of sea salt aerosol (5 - 20 um) | kg m-2 s-1 | total_column_source_of_sea_salt_aerosol_5-20um | aersrcssl | 215003 | ||
| Source/gain of sulphate aerosol | kg m-2 s-1 | total_column_source_of_sulphate_aerosol | aersrcsu | 215081 | ||
| Total column stratospheric ozone | kg m-2 | total_column_stratospheric_ozone | tc_o3s | 218024 | ||
| Total column Sulphur dioxide | kg m-2 | total_column_sulphur_dioxide | tcso2 | 210126 | Fast access | |
| Total column supercooled liquid water | kg m-2 | total_column_supercooled_liquid_water | tcslw | 228088 | ||
| Total column terpenes | kg m-2 | total_column_terpenes | tc_c10h16 | 218049 | ||
| Total column water | kg m-2 | total_column_water | tcw | 136 | ||
| Total column water vapour | kg m-2 | total_column_water_vapour | tcwv | 137 | Fast access | |
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 1020 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_1020nm | aodfm1020 | 215128 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 1064 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_1064nm | aodfm1064 | 215129 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 1240 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_1240nm | aodfm1240 | 215130 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 1640 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_1640nm | aodfm1640 | 215131 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 2130 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_2130nm | aodfm2130 | 215177 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 340 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_340nm | aodfm340 | 215114 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 355 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_355nm | aodfm355 | 215115 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 380 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_380nm | aodfm380 | 215116 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 400 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_400nm | aodfm400 | 215117 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 440 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_440nm | aodfm440 | 215118 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 469 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_469nm | aodfm469 | 215119 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 500 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_500nm | aodfm500 | 215120 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 532 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_532nm | aodfm532 | 215121 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 550 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_550nm | aodfm550 | 215122 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 645 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_645nm | aodfm645 | 215123 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 670 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_670nm | aodfm670 | 215124 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 800 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_800nm | aodfm800 | 215125 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 858 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_858nm | aodfm858 | 215126 | ||
| Total fine mode (r < 0.5 um) aerosol optical depth at 865 nm | dimensionless | total_fine_mode_aerosol_optical_depth_865nm | aodfm865 | 215127 | ||
| Total precipitation | m | total_precipitation | tp | 228 | ||
| Total sky direct solar radiation at surface | J m-2 | total_sky_direct_solar_radiation_at_surface | fdir | 228021 | ||
| UV biologically effective dose | dimensionless | uv_biologically_effective_dose | uvbed | 214002 | Fast access | |
| UV biologically effective dose clear-sky | dimensionless | uv_biologically_effective_dose_clear_sky | uvbedcs | 214003 | Fast access | |
| Vertically integrated mass of ammonium aerosol | kg m-2 | vertically_integrated_mass_of_ammonium_aerosol | aermssam | 215211 | ||
| Vertically integrated mass of coarse-mode nitrate aerosol | kg m-2 | vertically_integrated_mass_of_coarse_mode_nitrate_aerosol | aermssnic | 215202 | ||
| Vertically integrated mass of dust aerosol (0.03 - 0.55 um) | kg m-2 | vertically_integrated_mass_of_dust_aerosol_0.03-0.55um | aermssdus | 215043 | ||
| Vertically integrated mass of dust aerosol (0.55 - 9 um) | kg m-2 | vertically_integrated_mass_of_dust_aerosol_0.55-9um | aermssdum | 215044 | ||
| Vertically integrated mass of dust aerosol (9 - 20 um) | kg m-2 | vertically_integrated_mass_of_dust_aerosol_9-20um | aermssdul | 215045 | ||
| Vertically integrated mass of fine-mode nitrate aerosol | kg m-2 | vertically_integrated_mass_of_fine_mode_nitrate_aerosol | aermssnif | 215201 | ||
| Vertically integrated mass of hydrophilic black carbon aerosol | kg m-2 | vertically_integrated_mass_of_hydrophilic_black_carbon_aerosol | aermssbchphil | 215078 | ||
| Vertically integrated mass of hydrophilic organic matter aerosol | kg m-2 | vertically_integrated_mass_of_hydrophilic_organic_matter_aerosol | aermssomhphil | 215062 | ||
| Vertically integrated mass of hydrophobic black carbon aerosol | kg m-2 | vertically_integrated_mass_of_hydrophobic_black_carbon_aerosol | aermssbchphob | 215077 | ||
| Vertically integrated mass of hydrophobic organic matter aerosol | kg m-2 | vertically_integrated_mass_of_hydrophobic_organic_matter_aerosol | aermssomhphob | 215061 | ||
| Vertically integrated mass of sea salt aerosol (0.03 - 0.5 um) | kg m-2 | vertically_integrated_mass_of_sea_salt_aerosol_0.03-0.5um | aermsssss | 215019 | ||
| Vertically integrated mass of sea salt aerosol (0.5 - 5 um) | kg m-2 | vertically_integrated_mass_of_sea_salt_aerosol_0.5-5um | aermssssm | 215020 | ||
| Vertically integrated mass of sea salt aerosol (5 - 20 um) | kg m-2 | vertically_integrated_mass_of_sea_salt_aerosol_5-20um | aermssssl | 215021 | ||
| Vertically integrated mass of sulphate aerosol | kg m-2 | vertically_integrated_mass_of_sulphate_aerosol | aermsssu | 215087 | ||
| Vertically integrated moisture divergence | kg m-2 | vertically_integrated_moisture_divergence | vimd | 213 | ||
| Visibility | m | visibility | vis | 3020 | ||
| Wet deposition of ammonium aerosol by convective precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_ammonium_aerosol_by_convective_precipitation | aerwdcam | 215209 | ||
| Wet deposition of ammonium aerosol by large-scale precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_ammonium_aerosol_by_large_scale_precipitation | aerwdlam | 215208 | ||
| Wet deposition of coarse-mode nitrate aerosol by convective precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_coarse_mode_nitrate_aerosol_by_convective_precipitation | aerwdcnic | 215198 | ||
| Wet deposition of coarse-mode nitrate aerosol by large-scale precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_coarse_mode_nitrate_aerosol_by_large_scale_precipitation | aerwdlnic | 215196 | ||
| Wet deposition of dust aerosol (0.03 - 0.55 um) by convective precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_dust_aerosol_0.03-0.55um_by_convective_precipitation | aerwdccdus | 215037 | ||
| Wet deposition of dust aerosol (0.03 - 0.55 um) by large-scale precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_dust_aerosol_0.03-0.55um_by_large_scale_precipitation | aerwdlsdus | 215034 | ||
| Wet deposition of dust aerosol (0.55 - 9 um) by convective precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_dust_aerosol_0.55-9um_by_convective_precipitation | aerwdccdum | 215038 | ||
| Wet deposition of dust aerosol (0.55 - 9 um) by large-scale precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_dust_aerosol_0.55-9um_by_large_scale_precipitation | aerwdlsdum | 215035 | ||
| Wet deposition of dust aerosol (9 - 20 um) by convective precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_dust_aerosol_9-20um_by_convective_precipitation | aerwdccdul | 215039 | ||
| Wet deposition of dust aerosol (9 - 20 um) by large-scale precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_dust_aerosol_9-20um_by_large_scale_precipitation | aerwdlsdul | 215036 | ||
| Wet deposition of fine-mode nitrate aerosol by convective precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_fine_mode_nitrate_aerosol_by_convective_precipitation | aerwdcnif | 215197 | ||
| Wet deposition of fine-mode nitrate aerosol by large-scale precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_fine_mode_nitrate_aerosol_by_large_scale_precipitation | aerwdlnif | 215195 | ||
| Wet deposition of hydrophilic black carbon aerosol by convective precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_hydrophilic_black_carbon_aerosol_by_convective_precipitation | aerwdccbchphil | 215074 | ||
| Wet deposition of hydrophilic black carbon aerosol by large-scale precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_hydrophilic_black_carbon_aerosol_by_large_scale_precipitation | aerwdlsbchphil | 215072 | ||
| Wet deposition of hydrophilic organic matter aerosol by convective precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_hydrophilic_organic_matter_aerosol_by_convective_precipitation | aerwdccomhphil | 215058 | ||
| Wet deposition of hydrophilic organic matter aerosol by large-scale precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_hydrophilic_organic_matter_aerosol_by_large_scale_precipitation | aerwdlsomhphil | 215056 | ||
| Wet deposition of hydrophobic black carbon aerosol by convective precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_hydrophobic_black_carbon_aerosol_by_convective_precipitation | aerwdccbchphob | 215073 | ||
| Wet deposition of hydrophobic black carbon aerosol by large-scale precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_hydrophobic_black_carbon_aerosol_by_large_scale_precipitation | aerwdlsbchphob | 215071 | ||
| Wet deposition of hydrophobic organic matter aerosol by convective precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_hydrophobic_organic_matter_aerosol_by_convective_precipitation | aerwdccomhphob | 215057 | ||
| Wet deposition of hydrophobic organic matter aerosol by large-scale precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_hydrophobic_organic_matter_aerosol_by_large_scale_precipitation | aerwdlsomhphob | 215055 | ||
| Wet deposition of sea salt aerosol (0.03 - 0.5 um) by convective precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_sea_salt_aerosol_0.03-0.5um_by_convective_precipitation | aerwdccsss | 215013 | ||
| Wet deposition of sea salt aerosol (0.03 - 0.5 um) by large-scale precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_sea_salt_aerosol_0.03-0.5um_by_large_scale_precipitation | aerwdlssss | 215010 | ||
| Wet deposition of sea salt aerosol (0.5 - 5 um) by convective precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_sea_salt_aerosol_0.5-5um_by_convective_precipitation | aerwdccssm | 215014 | ||
| Wet deposition of sea salt aerosol (0.5 - 5 um) by large-scale precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_sea_salt_aerosol_0.5-5um_by_large_scale_precipitation | aerwdlsssm | 215011 | ||
| Wet deposition of sea salt aerosol (5 - 20 um) by convective precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_sea_salt_aerosol_5-20um_by_convective_precipitation | aerwdccssl | 215015 | ||
| Wet deposition of sea salt aerosol (5 - 20 um) by large-scale precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_sea_salt_aerosol_5-20um_by_large_scale_precipitation | aerwdlsssl | 215012 | ||
| Wet deposition of sulphate aerosol by convective precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_sulphate_aerosol_by_convective_precipitation | aerwdccsu | 215085 | ||
| Wet deposition of sulphate aerosol by large-scale precipitation | kg m-2 s-1 | wet_deposition_of_sulphate_aerosol_by_large_scale_precipitation | aerwdlssu | 215084 |
Table 2: multilevels parameters (last reviewed on)
| Name | Units | Variable name in CDS API | Shortname | Param ID | Access type | Note |
| Acetone | kg kg-1 | acetone | ch3coch3 | 217052 | ||
| Acetone product | kg kg-1 | acetone_product | aco2 | 217053 | ||
| Aerosol extinction coefficient at 1064 nm | m-1 | aerosol_extinction_coefficient_1064nm | aerext1064 | 215182 | ||
| Aerosol extinction coefficient at 355 nm | m-1 | aerosol_extinction_coefficient_355nm | aerext355 | 215180 | ||
| Aerosol extinction coefficient at 532 nm | m-1 | aerosol_extinction_coefficient_532nm | aerext532 | 215181 | ||
| Aldehydes | kg kg-1 | aldehydes | ald2 | 217012 | ||
| Amine | kg kg-1 | amine | nh2 | 217040 | ||
| Ammonia | kg kg-1 | ammonia | nh3 | 217019 | ||
| Ammonium | kg kg-1 | ammonium | nh4 | 217021 | ||
| Ammonium aerosol mass mixing ratio | kg kg-1 | ammonium_aerosol_mass_mixing_ratio | aermr18 | 210249 | Fast access | |
| Aerosol backscatter coefficient at 1064 nm (from ground) | m-1 sr-1 | attenuated_backscatter_due_to_aerosol_1064nm_from_ground | aerbackscatgnd1064 | 215188 | ||
| Aerosol backscatter coefficient at 1064 nm (from top of atmosphere) | m-1 sr-1 | attenuated_backscatter_due_to_aerosol_1064nm_from_top_of_atmosphere | aerbackscattoa1064 | 215185 | ||
| Aerosol backscatter coefficient at 355 nm (from ground) | m-1 sr-1 | attenuated_backscatter_due_to_aerosol_355nm_from_ground | aerbackscatgnd355 | 215186 | ||
| Aerosol backscatter coefficient at 355 nm (from top of atmosphere) | m-1 sr-1 | attenuated_backscatter_due_to_aerosol_355nm_from_top_of_atmosphere | aerbackscattoa355 | 215183 | ||
| Aerosol backscatter coefficient at 532 nm (from ground) | m-1 sr-1 | attenuated_backscatter_due_to_aerosol_532nm_from_ground | aerbackscatgnd532 | 215187 | ||
| Aerosol backscatter coefficient at 532 nm (from top of atmosphere) | m-1 sr-1 | attenuated_backscatter_due_to_aerosol_532nm_from_top_of_atmosphere | aerbackscattoa532 | 215184 | ||
| Carbon monoxide | kg kg-1 | carbon_monoxide | co | 210123 | Fast access | |
| Dimethyl sulfide | kg kg-1 | dimethyl_sulfide | dms | 217018 | ||
| Dinitrogen pentoxide | kg kg-1 | dinitrogen_pentoxide | n2o5 | 217033 | ||
| Dust Aerosol (0.03 - 0.55 um) Mixing Ratio | kg kg-1 | dust_aerosol_0.03-0.55um_mixing_ratio | aermr04 | 210004 | Fast access | |
| Dust Aerosol (0.55 - 0.9 um) Mixing Ratio | kg kg-1 | dust_aerosol_0.55-0.9um_mixing_ratio | aermr05 | 210005 | Fast access | |
| Dust Aerosol (0.9 - 20 um) Mixing Ratio | kg kg-1 | dust_aerosol_0.9-20um_mixing_ratio | aermr06 | 210006 | Fast access | |
| Ethane | kg kg-1 | ethane | c2h6 | 217045 | Fast access | |
| Ethanol | kg kg-1 | ethanol | c2h5oh | 217046 | ||
| Ethene | kg kg-1 | ethene | c2h4 | 217010 | ||
| Formaldehyde | kg kg-1 | formaldehyde | hcho | 210124 | Fast access | |
| Formic acid | kg kg-1 | formic_acid | hcooh | 217043 | ||
| Fraction of cloud cover | (0 - 1) | fraction_of_cloud_cover | cc | 248 | ||
| Geopotential | m2 s-2 | geopotential | z | 129 | ||
| Hydrogen peroxide | kg kg-1 | hydrogen_peroxide | h2o2 | 217003 | Fast access | |
| Hydroperoxy radical | kg kg-1 | hydroperoxy_radical | ho2 | 217028 | ||
| Hydrophilic Black Carbon Aerosol Mixing Ratio | kg kg-1 | hydrophilic_black_carbon_aerosol_mixing_ratio | aermr09 | 210009 | Fast access | |
| Hydrophilic Organic Matter Aerosol Mixing Ratio | kg kg-1 | hydrophilic_organic_matter_aerosol_mixing_ratio | aermr07 | 210007 | Fast access | |
| Hydrophobic Black Carbon Aerosol Mixing Ratio | kg kg-1 | hydrophobic_black_carbon_aerosol_mixing_ratio | aermr10 | 210010 | Fast access | |
| Hydrophobic Organic Matter Aerosol Mixing Ratio | kg kg-1 | hydrophobic_organic_matter_aerosol_mixing_ratio | aermr08 | 210008 | Fast access | |
| Hydroxyl radical | kg kg-1 | hydroxyl_radical | oh | 217030 | Fast access | |
| Isoprene | kg kg-1 | isoprene | c5h8 | 217016 | Fast access | |
| Lead | kg kg-1 | lead | pb | 217026 | ||
| Methacrolein MVK | kg kg-1 | methacrolein_mvk | ispd | 217050 | ||
| Methacrylic acid | kg kg-1 | methacrylic_acid | mcooh | 217044 | ||
| Methane | kg kg-1 | methane | ch4_c | 217004 | Fast access | |
| Methane sulfonic acid | kg kg-1 | methane_sulfonic_acid | msa | 217022 | ||
| Methanol | kg kg-1 | methanol | ch3oh | 217042 | ||
| Methyl glyoxal | kg kg-1 | methyl_glyoxal | ch3cocho | 217023 | ||
| Methyl peroxide | kg kg-1 | methyl_peroxide | ch3ooh | 217007 | ||
| Methylperoxy radical | kg kg-1 | methylperoxy_radical | ch3o2 | 217029 | ||
| Nitrate | kg kg-1 | nitrate | no3_a | 217051 | ||
| Nitrate coarse mode aerosol mass mixing ratio | kg kg-1 | nitrate_coarse_mode_aerosol_mass_mixing_ratio | aermr17 | 210248 | Fast access | |
| Nitrate fine mode aerosol mass mixing ratio | kg kg-1 | nitrate_fine_mode_aerosol_mass_mixing_ratio | aermr16 | 210247 | Fast access | |
| Nitrate radical | kg kg-1 | nitrate_radical | no3 | 217032 | ||
| Nitric acid | kg kg-1 | nitric_acid | hno3 | 217006 | Fast access | |
| Nitrogen dioxide | kg kg-1 | nitrogen_dioxide | no2 | 210121 | Fast access | |
| Nitrogen monoxide | kg kg-1 | nitrogen_monoxide | no | 217027 | Fast access | |
| Olefins | kg kg-1 | olefins | ole | 217011 | ||
| Organic ethers | kg kg-1 | organic_ethers | ror | 217036 | ||
| Organic nitrates | kg kg-1 | organic_nitrates | onit | 217015 | ||
| Ozone | kg kg-1 | ozone | go3 | 210203 | Fast access | |
| Paraffins | kg kg-1 | paraffins | par | 217009 | ||
| Pernitric acid | kg kg-1 | pernitric_acid | ho2no2 | 217034 | ||
| Peroxides | kg kg-1 | peroxides | rooh | 217014 | ||
| Peroxy acetyl radical | kg kg-1 | peroxy_acetyl_radical | c2o3 | 217035 | ||
| Peroxyacetyl nitrate | kg kg-1 | peroxyacetyl_nitrate | pan | 217013 | Fast access | |
| Potential vorticity | K m2 kg-1 s-1 | potential_vorticity | pv | 60 | ||
| Propane | kg kg-1 | propane | c3h8 | 217047 | Fast access | |
| Propene | kg kg-1 | propene | c3h6 | 217048 | ||
| Radon | kg kg-1 | radon | ra | 210181 | ||
| Relative humidity | % | relative_humidity | r | 157 | ||
| Sea Salt Aerosol (0.03 - 0.5 um) Mixing Ratio | kg kg-1 | sea_salt_aerosol_0.03-0.5um_mixing_ratio | aermr01 | 210001 | Fast access | |
| Sea Salt Aerosol (0.5 - 5 um) Mixing Ratio | kg kg-1 | sea_salt_aerosol_0.5-5um_mixing_ratio | aermr02 | 210002 | Fast access | |
| Sea Salt Aerosol (5 - 20 um) Mixing Ratio | kg kg-1 | sea_salt_aerosol_5-20um_mixing_ratio | aermr03 | 210003 | Fast access | |
| Specific cloud ice water content | kg kg-1 | specific_cloud_ice_water_content | ciwc | 247 | ||
| Specific cloud liquid water content | kg kg-1 | specific_cloud_liquid_water_content | clwc | 246 | ||
| Specific humidity | kg kg-1 | specific_humidity | q | 133 | Fast access | |
| Specific rain water content | kg kg-1 | specific_rain_water_content | crwc | 75 | ||
| Specific snow water content | kg kg-1 | specific_snow_water_content | cswc | 76 | ||
| Stratospheric ozone | kg kg-1 | stratospheric_ozone_tracer | o3s | 217024 | ||
| Sulphate Aerosol Mixing Ratio | kg kg-1 | sulphate_aerosol_mixing_ratio | aermr11 | 210011 | Fast access | |
| Sulphur dioxide | kg kg-1 | sulphur_dioxide | so2 | 210122 | Fast access | |
| Temperature | K | temperature | t | 130 | Fast access | |
| Terpenes | kg kg-1 | terpenes | c10h16 | 217049 | ||
| U component of wind | m s-1 | u_component_of_wind | u | 131 | Fast access | |
| V component of wind | m s-1 | v_component_of_wind | v | 132 | Fast access | |
| Vertical velocity | Pa s-1 | vertical_velocity | 135 |
Satellite observations
Satellite observations are used by CAMS to constrain the global forecast model, ensuring the forecasts are as accurate as possible. The process of merging the numerical forecast model with the observations is called data assimilation.
The CAMS Global production system uses satellite data in its 4-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation system to constrain the initial atmospheric state that is used for the 5-day forecast. Apart from all the meteorological observations that form part of the ECMWF numerical weather prediction system, CAMS uses additional observations on atmospheric composition. Three categories of observations are listed below. The assimilated observations are the observations that are currently used to constrain the model; the monitored observations are the observations that are being tested for future implementation; and the planned observations are observations that are being considered for future implementation in the CAMS system.
Satellite data monitoring statistics are available here.
Evaluation and Quality Assurance reports
The global forecasting system is continually being evaluated to ensure the output meets the expected requirements. Comprehensive Evaluation and Quality Assurance (EQA) reports are provided on a quarterly basis. Before each upgrade of the global forecasting system, the new system is tested and evaluated, and a so-called "e-suite EQA report" is produced. All reports are available here.
Quality monitoring graphics
CAMS uses a multitude of independent data sets to routinely monitor its global forecasts. It works with various data providers, acquiring the observations with appropriate timeliness and generating graphics that show the differences between the forecasts and the independent observations. See at https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/global-services
Guidelines
Known issues
| Issue type | Description | Cycle | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| High SO2 values over north-eastern Brazil | High SO2 values over north-eastern Brazil on 18 January 2020 and 16 June 2020 at 06:00:00 are artificial and are due to the assimilation of some spurious satellite observations of SO2 in one of the datasets used by CAMS. | 47r1 | |
| BC concentrations in the mid/upper troposphere tend to be too high | Some of the low background BC concentrations in the mid/upper troposphere tend to be too high as an artefact of the data assimilation as it improves the total AOD. (They're still very low compared to polluted areas, but can be somewhat higher than they should.) This aspect of the impact of data assimilation on aerosol speciation is something that we're continuing to look into. (The accompanying "control run", a model-only product with no AOD assimilation, can often has a more realistic speciation and vertical profile in this regard, but at the cost of a poorer agreement with observations of total AOD.) | 47r1 or 46r1 | |
Dust emissions are too high in cycle 46r1 | See details here: Dust emissions are too high in Cycle 46r1 | 46r1 |
References
- Agustí-Panareda, A., Massart, S., Chevallier, F., Balsamo, G., Boussetta, S., Dutra, E., and Beljaars, A., 2016: A biogenic CO2 flux adjustment scheme for the mitigation of large-scale biases in global atmospheric CO2 analyses and forecasts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10399–10418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10399-2016
- Agustí-Panareda, A., Massart, S., Chevallier, F., Boussetta, S., Balsamo, G., Beljaars, A., Ciais, P., Deutscher, N. M., Engelen, R., Jones, L., Kivi, R., Paris, J.-D., Peuch, V.-H., Sherlock, V., Vermeulen, A. T., Wennberg, P. O., and Wunch, D., 2014: Forecasting global atmospheric CO2, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11959–11983, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11959-2014
- Barré, J., Aben, I., Agustí-Panareda, A., Balsamo, G., Bousserez, N., Dueben, P., Engelen, R., Inness, A., Lorente, A., McNorton, J., Peuch, V.-H., Radnoti, G., and Ribas, R.: Systematic detection of local CH4emissions anomalies combining satellite measurements and high-resolution forecasts, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-550, in review, 2020.
- Bozzo, A. and Benedetti, A. and Flemming, J. and Kipling, Z. and Rémy, S., 2020: An aerosol climatology for global models based on the tropospheric aerosol scheme in the Integrated Forecasting System of ECMWF, Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 1007–1034, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1007-2020
- Diamantakis, M. and , 2017: A positive definite tracer mass fixer for high resolution weather and atmospheric composition forecasts, ECMWF Technical Memoranda, No. 819, 2017.
- Flemming, J., Huijnen, V., Arteta, J., Bechtold, P., Beljaars, A., Blechschmidt, A.-M., Diamantakis, M., Engelen, R. J., Gaudel, A., Inness, A., Jones, L., Josse, B., Katragkou, E., Marecal, V., Peuch, V.-H., Richter, A., Schultz, M. G., Stein, O., and Tsikerdekis, A., 2015: Tropospheric chemistry in the Integrated Forecasting System of ECMWF, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 975–1003, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-975-2015
- Flemming, J. and Benedetti, A. and Inness, A. and Engelen, R. J. and Jones, L. and Huijnen, V. and Remy, S. and Parrington, M. and Suttie, M. and Bozzo, A. and Peuch, V.-H. and Akritidis, D. and Katragkou, E., 2017: The CAMS interim Reanalysis of Carbon Monoxide, Ozone and Aerosol for 2003–2015, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,17, 1945-1983, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1945-2017
- Huijnen, V. and Flemming, J. and Chabrillat, S. and Errera, Q. and Christophe, Y. and Blechschmidt, A.-M. and Richter, A. and Eskes, H., 2016: C-IFS-CB05-BASCOE: stratospheric chemistry in the Integrated Forecasting System of ECMWF, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 3071–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3071-2016
- Inness, A., Ades, M., Agustí-Panareda, A., Barré, J., Benedictow, A., Blechschmidt, A.-M., Dominguez, J. J., Engelen, R., Eskes, H., Flemming, J., Huijnen, V., Jones, L., Kipling, Z., Massart, S., Parrington, M., Peuch, V.-H., Razinger, M., Remy, S., Schulz, M., and Suttie, M., 2019: The CAMS reanalysis of atmospheric composition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3515–3556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3515-2019
- Inness, A. and Flemming, J. and Heue, K.-P. and Lerot, C. and Loyola, D. and Ribas, R. and Valks, P. and van Roozendael, M. and Xu, J. and Zimmer, W., 2019: Monitoring and assimilation tests with TROPOMI data in the CAMS system:
near-real-time total column ozone, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3939–3962, https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/3939/2019/ - Inness, A. and Coauthors, 2015: Data assimilation of satellite-retrieved ozone, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide with ECMWF's Composition-IFS, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5275-5303, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5275-2015
- Massart, S., Agusti-Panareda, A., Aben, I., Butz, A., Chevallier, F., Crevoisier, C., Engelen, R., Frankenberg, C., and Hasekamp, O., 2014: Assimilation of atmospheric methane products into the MACC-II system: from SCIAMACHY to TANSO and IASI, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6139–6158, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6139-2014
- Massart, S., Agustí-Panareda, A., Heymann, J., Buchwitz, M., Chevallier, F., Reuter, M., Hilker, M., Burrows, J. P., Deutscher, N. M., Feist, D. G., Hase, F., Sussmann, R., Desmet, F., Dubey, M. K., Griffith, D. W. T., Kivi, R., Petri, C., Schneider, M., and Velazco, V. A., 2016: Ability of the 4-D-Var analysis of the GOSAT BESD XCO2 retrievals to characterize atmospheric CO2 at large and synoptic scales, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 1653–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1653-2016
- Rémy, S. and Kipling, Z. and Flemming, J. and Boucher, O. and Nabat, P. and Michou, M. and Bozzo, A. and Ades, M. and Huijnen, V. and Benedetti, A. and Engelen, R. and Peuch, V.-H. and Morcrette, J.-J., 2019: Description and evaluation of the tropospheric aerosol scheme in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS-AER, cycle 45R1), Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 4627-4659, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4627-2019
